Ultimate Guide for Isiqophi Codecs
Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukusiza uqonde umhlahlandlela wamakhodekhi wevidiyo.
Ayini Ama-Codec Wevidiyo futhi Kungani Abalulekile?
Ikhodekhi yevidiyo (i-coder-decoder) iyisofthiwe noma ithuluzi lehadiwe elicindezela futhi linciphise idatha yevidiyo eyidijithali. Uma urekhoda ividiyo ocingweni noma kukhamera yakho, izithombe ezingavuthiwe zizodala amafayela amakhulu – ngokuvamile amakhulu amagigabhayithi imizuzu embalwa yokuqukethwe. Ama-codec axazulula le nkinga ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze unciphise osayizi bamafayela kuyilapho ugcina amazinga ekhwalithi amukelekayo. Igama elithi ‘codec’ lihlanganisa kokubili isishumeki sekhodi (esicindezela ividiyo ngesikhathi sokurekhoda noma ukuguqulwa) kanye nesikhiphi khodi (esinqamula ividiyo ukuze idlalwe). Amakhodekhi esimanje asebenzisa amasu ezibalo ayinkimbinkimbi njengesinxephezelo sokunyakaza, ukuminyanisa kwendawo, nokwenza kahle komqondo ukuze kufinyelelwe izilinganiso zokucindezelwa okungu-100:1 noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka okuphawulekayo kokubonwayo. Ukuqonda ama-codec kubalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza ngokuqukethwe kwevidiyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumdali wokuqukethwe, umthuthukisi wewebhu, noma umuntu nje ofuna ukwandisa isikhala sokulondoloza. Ukukhethwa kwekhodekhi kuthinta usayizi wefayela, ikhwalithi, ukusebenzisana kuwo wonke amadivayisi, ngisho nempilo yebhethri ngesikhathi sokudlala. Amakhodekhi ahlukene ahamba kahle ezimeni ezihlukene – amanye abeka phambili ukucindezela okuphezulu, amanye agxila ekugcineni ikhwalithi, kanti amanye alungiselelwa izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa njengokusakaza bukhoma noma ukuhlela okuphrofeshinali.
Amakhodekhi evidiyo adumile: H.264, H.265, VP9, ​​kanye ne-AV1
I-H.264 (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-AVC noma i-MPEG-4 Ingxenye 10) isalokhu iyikhodekhi esekelwa kakhulu namuhla, etholakala kuyo yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezisekelweni zokusakaza-bukhoma. Ikhishwe ngo-2003, i-H.264 ishaya ibhalansi enhle kakhulu phakathi kokusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa nokuhambisana. Isekelwa cishe yiwo wonke amadivayisi nenkundla, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuphephile kokusatshalaliswa okubanzi. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle kwayo kokucindezela kwedlulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha. I-H.265 (HEVC – Ikhodi Yevidiyo Esebenza Kakhulu) inikeza cishe ukucindezela okungcono okungu-50% kune-H.264 kuyilapho igcina amaleveli ekhwalithi afanayo. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele okuqukethwe kwe-4K kanye nezimo ezinomkhawulo womkhawulokudonsa. Kodwa-ke, ukutholwa kwe-H.265 kuye kwahamba kancane ngenxa yezinkinga zamalayisense kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokubala zombhalo wekhodi nokuqopha. Ama-smartphones amaningi amasha nama-smart TV asekela i-H.265, kodwa ukusebenzisana akukhona konke. I-VP9, ethuthukiswe i-Google, iyindlela engakhokhelwa imali esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-YouTube nakwezinye izinsiza ze-Google. Ihlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kokucindezela okufana ne-H.265 ngaphandle kwezimali zelayisensi, okuyenza ihehe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu. I-AV1, isidlali esisha kakhulu, ithembisa ukucindezela okungcono kakhulu kune-H.265 ne-VP9 kuyilapho ihlezi ingenayo i-royalty. I-Netflix, i-YouTube, nezinye izinkundla ezinkulu seziqala ukusebenzisa i-AV1 yokulethwa kokuqukethwe okuyi-premium.
Amafomethi Wesitsha vs. Amakhodekhi: Ukuqonda Umehluko
Omunye wemithombo evame kakhulu yokudideka kuvidiyo yedijithali umehluko phakathi kwamafomethi esiqukathi namakhodekhi. Ifomethi yesiqukathi (efana ne-MP4, AVI, noma i-MKV) isisonga esibamba ukusakazwa kwevidiyo, ukusakazwa komsindo, imibhalo engezansi, kanye nemethadatha ndawonye efayeleni elilodwa. Kucabange njengebhokisi elingaqukatha izinto eziningi – i-codec inquma ukuthi lezo zinto zicindezelwa futhi zigcinwe kanjani. Isibonelo, ifayela le-MP4 lingase libe nevidiyo ye-H.264, umsindo we-AAC, nemibhalo engezansi ye-SRT, kodwa ingaqukatha kalula ividiyo ye-H.265 enomsindo we-MP3. Ifomethi yesiqukathi ichaza ukwakheka kwefayela nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuqukethwe ezingafakwa, kuyilapho amakhodekhi ephatha ukucindezelwa kwangempela kanye nokuncishiswa kokusakazwa komsindo nevidiyo ngaphakathi kwaleso siqukathi. Lo mehluko ubalulekile lapho uxazulula izinkinga zokudlala. Idivayisi ingase isekele isiqukathi se-MP4 kodwa hhayi i-codec ethile esetshenziselwa ukusakaza ividiyo ngaphakathi kwaleso siqukathi. Yingakho ungase uhlangabezane namafayela adlala kancane (umsindo uyasebenza kodwa awekho ividiyo) noma angadlali nhlobo naphezu kokuba nesandiso sefayela ‘esilungile’. Ukuqonda lobu budlelwano kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuhambisana kwefomethi nezidingo zokuguqulwa.
Ukukhetha i-Codec yezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa
Ukukhetha i-codec efanele kuncike kakhulu ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nemikhawulo. Ekusakazweni kwewebhu nenkundla yezokuxhumana, i-H.264 isalokhu iyindinganiso yegolide ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo nendawo yonke nezici zokusakaza-bukhoma eziphumelelayo. Amapulatifomu afana ne-Facebook, Instagram, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zokuphatha okuqukethwe zilindele okuqukethwe kwe-H.264, futhi ababukeli bangadlala cishe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ngaphandle kwesofthiwe eyengeziwe. Ngezinjongo zengobo yomlando noma ukusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu, i-H.265 noma amafomethi angacindezelwanga angase afaneleke kakhulu. Abahleli bevidiyo abangochwepheshe bavame ukusebenza nama-codec amaphakathi afana ne-ProRes noma i-DNxHD ebeka phambili ukuguquguquka kokuhlela kunosayizi wefayela. Lawa makhodekhi agcina ikhwalithi ephezulu ngemijikelezo yokuhlela eminingi kodwa adala amafayela amakhulu kakhulu kunamakhodekhi agxile ekusabalaliseni. Amaselula kanye nezindawo ezinomkhawulokudonsa okhona ziyazuza kuzilungiselelo zokucindezelwa okunamandla noma amakhodekhi amasha njenge-AV1. Uma udala okuqukethwe kwezingxenyekazi ezithile, cwaninga izicaciso zazo ezinconyiwe – I-YouTube isekela i-VP9 ne-AV1 ngekhwalithi ye-premium, kuyilapho umabonakude osakazwayo unezidingo eziqinile zamaphrofayela ekhodekhi athile kanye nezilungiselelo. Okubalulekile ukulinganisa ikhwalithi, usayizi wefayela, ukuhambisana, kanye nezidingo zokucubungula ngokusekelwe kuzithameli zakho nendlela yokusabalalisa.
Izilungiselelo ze-Codec kanye Nokuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi
Ngaphandle kokukhetha i-codec elungile, ukulungiselelwa okufanele kwezilungiselelo zombhalo wekhodi kuthinta ngokuphawulekayo kokubili ikhwalithi nosayizi wefayela. I-Bitrate iyisilungiselelo esibaluleke kakhulu – sinquma ukuthi ingakanani idatha eyabelwe isekhondi ngalinye levidiyo. Umbhalo wekhodi oguquguqukayo we-bitrate (VBR) uvumelanisa ukwabiwa kwedatha ngokusekelwe ebunkingeni besigcawu, okuhlinzeka ngekhwalithi engcono kune-bitrate eqhubekayo (CBR) yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Umbhalo wekhodi wamaphasi amabili uhlaziya yonke ividiyo ngaphambi kokufaka ikhodi, okuholela ekusabalaliseni okuphezulu kwekhwalithi kodwa okudinga izikhathi zokucubungula ezinde. Ukulungiswa nezinga lozimele kusebenza kanye nokukhetha kwekhodekhi ukuze kunqunywe ikhwalithi yokugcina nokuhambisana. Ngenkathi ukulungiswa kwe-4K kunikeza imininingwane emangalisayo, kudinga kakhulu umkhawulokudonsa namandla okucubungula. Kokuqukethwe kwewebhu, i-1080p ku-30fps ivame ukunikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yekhwalithi nokufinyeleleka. Cabangela izisetshenziswa ezijwayelekile zokubuka zezithameli zakho kanye nesivinini se-inthanethi uma wenza lezi zinqumo. Izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe njengezikhawu zozimele ongukhiye, ukusetshenziswa kozimele B, nezindlela zokulawula izinga zingashuna kahle ibhalansi phakathi kwekhwalithi nosayizi wefayela. Ozimele abangukhiye kufanele bavele njalo ngamasekhondi angu-2-3 okusakaza-bukhoma okuqukethwe ukuze kunikwe amandla ukufuna okushelelayo nokushintshashintsha kwe-bitrate. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlaka kukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele okuqukethwe kwakho kuzimo ezithile zokulethwa kuyilapho ulondoloza umuzwa ongcono kakhulu wokubuka.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Khetha ama-Codecs Asekelwe Kuzethameli Zakho
Ikhodekhi ehamba phambili ayihlali iyintsha kakhulu noma ithuthuke kakhulu – yiyona esebenza ngokuthembekile kuzithameli zakho eziqondiwe kanye nesimo sokusebenzisa.
- H.264 ukuze uthole ukusebenzisana okuphezulu kuwo wonke amadivayisi
- I-H.265 yokuqukethwe kwe-4K nokonga komkhawulokudonsa
- Cabangela ukulungiselelwa okukhethekile kwenkundla njenge-VP9 ye-YouTube
Izilungiselelo Zekhwalithi Zibaluleke Kakhulu Kune-Codec Ukukhetha
Izilungiselelo ezifanele zombhalo wekhodi zingenza umehluko omkhulu kukhwalithi yokugcina kunokukhethwa kwekhodekhi kuphela.
- Sebenzisa i-variable bitrate (VBR) ukuze uthole ukusatshalaliswa kwekhwalithi engcono
- Sebenzisa umbhalo wekhodi wamaphasi amabili kokuqukethwe okubalulekile
- Qondanisa izikhawu zozimele ongukhiye nezimfuneko zenkundla yakho yokusabalalisa
Ibhalansi Usayizi Wefayela, Ikhwalithi, Nokuhambisana
Zonke izinqumo zekhodekhi zibandakanya ukuhwebelana phakathi kwalezi zici ezintathu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nemikhawulo.
- Beka kuqala ukuhambisana kokusabalalisa okubanzi
- Khetha ama-codec amasha ezimo ezinomkhawulo womkhawulokudonsa
- Hlola ukudlala kumadivayisi ajwayelekile ezithameli zakho ngaphambi kokuphothula ukukhetha kwekhodekhi
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-H.264 ne-H.265?
I-H.265 (HEVC) inikeza cishe ukucindezela okungcono okungu-50% kune-H.264 kuyilapho igcina ikhwalithi efanayo, iyenza ifaneleke kokuqukethwe kwe-4K nezimo ezinomkhawulo womkhawulokudonsa. Nokho, i-H.264 inokuhambisana okubanzi kakhulu kwedivayisi nezidingo zokucubungula eziphansi.
Kungani ifayela lami le-MP4 lingadlali kwamanye amadivaysi?
I-MP4 ifomethi yesiqukathi esingabamba amakhodekhi evidiyo ahlukene. Ngenkathi idivayisi isekela iziqukathi ze-MP4, ingase ingasekeli i-codec ethile esetshenziselwa ukusakaza kwevidiyo ngaphakathi. Hlola ukuthi ividiyo yakho isebenzisa i-H.265, i-VP9, noma amanye amakhodekhi adinga ihadiwe entsha noma isofthiwe.
Iyiphi i-codec okufanele ngiyisebenzise ekulayisheni i-YouTube?
I-H.264 inconyelwe ukusebenzisana okubanzi, kodwa i-YouTube iphinde isekele i-VP9 ne-AV1 ngekhwalithi ephezulu. I-YouTube izofaka ikhodi kabusha okulayishile noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke gxila ekulayisheni okuqukethwe komthombo wekhwalithi ephezulu kunamafayela acindezelwe kakhulu.
Ingabe i-AV1 isilungele ukusetshenziswa okuvamile?
I-AV1 ithola ukutholwa ezinkundleni ezinkulu njengeNetflix ne-YouTube, futhi amadivayisi amasha asekela ukuqoshwa kwehadiwe. Nokho, izikhathi zokufaka ikhodi zisezinde futhi amadivayisi amadala angase angakusekeli ukudlalwa. Kungcono kakhulu ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa kunokusabalalisa okuvamile.
Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ifayela levidiyo lisebenzisa i-codec?
Ungahlola imininingwane ye-codec usebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya imidiya njenge-MediaInfo, iphaneli yolwazi ye-codec ye-VLC, noma izakhiwo zefayela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokudlala.
Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise ihadiwe noma umbhalo wesofthiwe?
Umbhalo wekhodi wezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha uyashesha kakhulu futhi usebenzisa amandla amancane e-CPU, okuwenza ulungele ukusakaza bukhoma noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela. Umbhalo wekhodi wesofthiwe ngokuvamile uhlinzeka ngekhwalithi engcono nge-bitrate efanayo kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kusebenzisa izinsiza zesistimu ezengeziwe.
Isiphi isilungiselelo esingcono kakhulu se-bitrate yevidiyo eku-inthanethi?
Kuncike ekulungisweni kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe. Kuvidiyo yewebhu engu-1080p, i-5-8 Mbps isebenza kahle kokuqukethwe okuningi. Okuqukethwe okusindayo kudinga ama-bitrate aphezulu, kuyilapho amavidiyo akhulumayo angasebenzisa amanani aphansi. Njalo hlola ngokuqukethwe kwakho okujwayelekile nezimo zokubuka.
Sebenzisa Ulwazi Lwakho
Manje njengoba usuwaqonda amagama, zama ukuguqula ukuze usebenzise okufundile. Ukuguqulwa kwamahhala, okungenamkhawulo ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti edingekayo.