Umhlahlandlela Womthwebuli Wezithombe Wamafomethi Efayela: Uhlolojikelele oluphelele

Bazi kahle amafomethi ezithombe ezibalulekile wonke umthwebuli wezithombe okudingeka azi. Funda mayelana ne-RAW, i-JPEG, i-TIFF, i-PNG, nokuningi ukuze uthuthukise ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi futhi ulondoloze ikhwalithi yesithombe.

Kuwo Wonke Amazinga Amakhono
15+ Amafomethi Efayela
Amathiphu Wokuhamba Kwedijithali
Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwefomethi Yefayela Hlola Wonke Amafomethi

Kungani Amafomethi Efayela Abalulekile Kubathwebuli Bezithombe

Njengomthwebuli wezithombe, ukuqonda amafomethi wefayela akuyona nje imininingwane yobuchwepheshe—kuyikhono elibalulekile elithinta ukuhamba kwakho konke kusukela ekuthwebuleni kuya ekulethweni. Ifomethi yefayela elungile ingagcina ikhwalithi yesithombe, iqondise ukuhlelwa, inciphise izimfuneko zesitoreji, futhi iqinisekise ukuhambisana kuwo wonke amadivayisi nezinkundla.

Ifomethi ngayinye isebenzisa izinjongo ezihlukene kukhithi yamathuluzi yomthwebuli wezithombe. Amafayela e-RAW agcina idatha ephezulu ukuze kube lula ukuhlela, i-JPEG inikeza ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke nosayizi bamafayela amancane, i-TIFF inikeza izinketho ezingalahleki zomsebenzi wokuphrinta, kuyilapho amafomethi akhethekile afana ne-WebP ne-HEIC emelela ubuchwepheshe obusha obulinganisa ikhwalithi nokuminyanisa.

Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uzokusiza ukuthi uzulazule endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yamafomethi wefayela lezithombe, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezithuthukisa amandla akho okudala kanye nemiphumela yobungcweti. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu osaqalayo noma uchwepheshe onolwazi, amafomethi wefayela ayingcweti azophakamisa ulwazi lwakho lobuchwepheshe kanye nemiphumela yokudala.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kokukhetha Amafomethi Amafayela

Ikhwalithi Yesithombe

Amafomethi ahlukene agcina amazinga ahlukahlukene emininingwane, ulwazi lombala, nobubanzi obuguqukayo. Okukhethayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokubuka yezithombe zakho zokugcina.

  • Ukujula kancane kunquma ukunemba kombala
  • Ukuminyanisa kuthinta ukugcinwa kwemininingwane
  • Amanye amafomethi asekela ukujula okuncane okuphezulu

Ukuhlela Ukuvumelana nezimo

Amafomethi anedatha eyengeziwe akunikeza inkululeko enkulu yokulungisa ukuchayeka, umbala, namanye amapharamitha ngaphandle kokululaza ikhwalithi yesithombe.

  • Amandla okuhlela angakonakali
  • Ibhalansi emhlophe kanye ne-latitude yokuchayeka
  • Ukutholwa kokugqamayo kanye nemininingwane yesithunzi

Usayizi Wefayela

Usayizi wefayela uthinta izimfuneko zesitoreji, amasu okulondoloza, nezikhathi zokulayisha/ukulanda lapho wabelana namakhasimende noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.

  • Inomthelela ezindlekweni zokugcinwa kwezingobo zomlando ezinkulu
  • Ithinta isivinini sokudlulisa phakathi kwamadivayisi
  • Inquma ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokusekelayo

Ukuhambisana

Amanye amafomethi asekelwa umhlaba wonke, kuyilapho amanye angase adinge isofthiwe ethile noma abe nokuhambisana okulinganiselwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi.

  • Isiphequluli sewebhu nosekelo lwedivayisi
  • Ukuhambisana kwenkundla yezokuxhumana
  • Ukucatshangelwa kokulethwa kweklayenti

Ukusekela imethadatha

Amafomethi ahlukene anamandla ahlukahlukene okugcina ulwazi olubalulekile njengemininingwane ye-copyright, izilungiselelo zekhamera, amagama angukhiye, nedatha yendawo.

  • Idatha ye-EXIF yolwazi lobuchwepheshe
  • Idatha ye-IPTC yokuphathwa kwamalungelo
  • Idatha ye-XMP yezakhiwo ezengeziwe

Inhloso Yokukhipha

Isimo sakho sokusebenzisa ohlosiwe—noma ngabe ukuphrinta, iwebhu, inkundla yezokuxhumana, noma ukugcinwa kungobo yomlando—kufanele kuqondise ukukhetha kwakho kwefomethi ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.

  • Izidingo zokuphrinta zokulungiswa nombala
  • Ukuthuthukisa iwebhu ngesivinini nekhwalithi
  • Ukucatshangelwa kwengobo yomlando yesikhathi eside

Amafomethi Efayela Abalulekile Abathwebuli Bezithombe

Amafomethi RAW

Amafomethi we-RAW aqukethe idatha ecutshungulwe kancane evela kunzwa yesithombe yekhamera. Banikeza ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu nokuvumelana nezimo okuhlela, okubenza babe yinketho ekhethwayo yokuthwebula izithombe ezichwepheshile kanye nabathandi bangempela. Umkhiqizi ngamunye wekhamera ngokuvamile unefomethi yakhe ye-RAW yobunikazi.

I-Canon RAW (.CR2/.CR3)

Amafomethi we-RAW wobunikazi be-Canon agcina idatha yesithombe engacutshunguliwe ngokuqondile kusukela kunzwa yekhamera. I-CR2 isetshenziswa kumakhamera amadala eCanon, kuyilapho amamodeli amasha ashintshele kufomethi ye-CR3 enikeza izinketho ezingcono zokuminyanisa.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 14-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Izinketho ezingalahleki noma ezicindezelwe
  • Izinzuzo: Ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukuguquguquka okugcwele kokuhlela, ukulungiselelwa okuqondile kweCanon
  • Ububi: Usayizi wefayela omkhulu, udinga ukwesekwa kwesofthiwe ethile

I-Nikon RAW (.NEF)

Amafayela e-Nikon Electronic Format (NEF) aqukethe idatha eluhlaza evela kumakhamera we-Nikon anezinketho ezihlukene zokuminyanisa nokujula kancane kuye ngemodeli yekhamera. Izilungiselelo Zokulawula Isithombe zika-Nikon zigcinwa njengemethadatha kodwa azisetshenziswa kudatha eluhlaza.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 12-bit noma 14-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Okungacindezelwanga, kucindezelwe okungalahleki, noma kucindezelwe ukulahlekelwa
  • Izinzuzo: Ukulondolozwa kwedatha yesithombe esigcwele, ukulungiselelwa okuqondene ne-Nikon
  • Ububi: Ifomethi yobunikazi, osayizi bamafayela amakhulu

I-Sony RAW (.ARW)

Amafayela e-Sony Alpha Raw (ARW) agcina idatha engacutshunguliwe evela kumakhamera akwa-Sony. Le fomethi igcina lonke ulwazi oluthwetshulwe izinzwa ze-Sony, ezaziwa ngobubanzi bazo obuguquguqukayo nokusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 14-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Icindezelwe
  • Izinzuzo: Ilondoloza isayensi yombala yakwa-Sony, ububanzi obuguquguqukayo obuphezulu
  • Ububi: Ukuhambisana kwesoftware okunomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DNG

I-Fujifilm RAW (.RAF)

Ifomethi ye-RAF ye-Fujifilm ilondoloza izici ezihlukile zezinzwa zabo ze-X-Trans ne-Bayer. Igcina idatha edingekayo ukuze kudalwe kabusha ukulingiswa kwefilimu okuhlukile kwe-Fujifilm phakathi nokucubungula ngemva kokucubungula.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 14-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Kucindezelwe okungenakulahlekelwa
  • Izinzuzo: Ilondoloza ukunikezwa kombala okuhlukile kwe-Fujifilm nokwenziwa kwefilimu
  • Ububi: Amafayela enzwa ye-X-Trans angase abe nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zedemosaicing

I-Adobe Digital Negative (.DNG)

Ifomethi ye-Adobe evulekile ye-RAW yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yonke, indinganiso yengobo yomlando yedatha yesithombe esingahluziwe. Abanye abakhiqizi bekhamera abafana no-Leica, Hasselblad, ne-Pentax basebenzisa i-DNG ngokwemvelo, namanye amafayela we-RAW angaguqulelwa ku-DNG.

  • Ukujula Kancane: Kufika ku-16-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Okucindezelwe okungacindezelwanga noma okungalahleki
  • Izinzuzo: Amadokhumenti avuliwe, ukuhambisana okungcono kwesikhathi eside, kungashumeka i-RAW yoqobo
  • Ububi: Isinyathelo sokuguqula siyadingeka kumakhamera amaningi, ezinye izici eziqondene nekhamera zingase zilahleke

Amanye amafomethi RAW

Abanye abakhiqizi bekhamera abaningi banamafomethi abo e-RAW, okuhlanganisa i-Olympus (.ORF), i-Panasonic (.RW2), i-Pentax (.PEF), i-Leica (.DNG), nokuningi. Ngayinye igcina izici ezithile zezinzwa zalowo mkhiqizi nokucubungula.

  • Izakhiwo Ezivamile: Ukujula okuphezulu, ukucubungula okuncane, ukulondolozwa kwedatha okuphezulu
  • Ukuhambisana: Iyahlukahluka ngefomethi nesoftware
  • Okucatshangwayo: Amafomethi obunikazi angase abe nokukhathazeka kwengobo yomlando yesikhathi eside

Amafomethi Ajwayelekile

Lawa mafomethi anikezela ngokuhambisana okubanzi kuwo wonke amadivayisi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezinkundla, okuwenza abaluleke ekwabelaneni nasekushicileleni umsebenzi wezithombe.

I-JPEG/JPG

I-JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) ifomethi yesithombe esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuminyanisa kwayo okusebenzayo nokuhambisana kwayo yonke indawo. Isebenzisa ukucindezela okulahlekile ukuze idale amafayela amancane ngokukhetha ukulahla idatha yesithombe engabonakali kancane ekuboneni komuntu.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8-bit (imibala eyizigidi ezingu-16.7)
  • Ukuminyanisa: Amaleveli ekhwalithi alahlekile, alungisekayo
  • Izinzuzo: Ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke, usayizi wefayela omncane, ukucindezelwa okulungiswayo
  • Ububi: Ukuminyanisa okulahlekile kwehlisa izinga, ukuguquguquka okulinganiselwe kokuhlela, akukho sobala
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Ukushicilela iwebhu, ukwabelana nge-imeyili, inkundla yezokuxhumana, uma usayizi wefayela ubalulekile

I-JPEG 2000

Inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-JPEG enikezela ngokusebenza kahle kokucindezela kanye nekhwalithi engcono. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zayo zobuchwepheshe, ayikaze izuze ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwe-JPEG ejwayelekile.

  • Ukujula Kancane: Kufika ku-16-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ukulahlekelwa noma ukulahlekelwa
  • Izinzuzo: Isilinganiso esingcono sekhwalithi nosayizi kune-JPEG, sisekela ukubonakala nokucindezelwa okungenakulahlekelwa
  • Ububi: Isiphequluli esinomkhawulo kanye nokusekelwa kwesoftware
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Izithombe zezokwelapha, izinjongo zokugcinwa komlando, izithombe ezicindezelwe zekhwalithi ephezulu

I-PNG

I-Portable Network Graphics (PNG) yathuthukiswa njengendlela ethuthukisiwe esikhundleni se-GIF. Isekela ukuminyanisa okungalahleki nokukhanyela, okuyenza ilungele ihluzo ezinemiphetho ebukhali nezinto ezisobala.

  • Ukujula Kancane: I-8-bit (imibala engu-256), i-24-bit (imibala eyizigidi ezingu-16.7), noma i-32-bit (enesiteshi se-alpha)
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ayinakulahlekelwa
  • Izinzuzo: Ikhwalithi engalahleki, ukwesekwa obala, ukuhambisana okubanzi
  • Ububi: Osayizi bamafayela amakhulu kune-JPEG wokuqukethwe kwezithombe
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Imifanekiso enombhalo, amalogo, izithombe ezidinga ukubonisa ngale, izithombe-skrini

I-GIF

I-Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) isekela ukugqwayiza futhi isebenzisa ukuminyanisa okungalahleki ezithombeni ezinamaphalethi ombala alinganiselwe. Nakuba isiphelelwe yisikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe, isahlala idumile ngokugqwayiza nama-meme alula.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8-bit (256 imibala ubuningi)
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ayinakulahlekelwa ngemibala ekhonjiwe
  • Izinzuzo: Ukusekelwa kwe-animation, obala, usayizi wefayela omncane wezithombe ezilula
  • Ububi: Ikhawulelwe kumibala engu-256, engeyinhle ngekhwalithi yezithombe
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Ama-animation alula, ama-meme, izithonjana, ihluzo ezinemibala embalwa

Amafomethi Wokuhlela Ochwepheshe kanye Nokuphrinta

Lawa mafomethi adizayinelwe ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuhlela, nokuphrinta ukukhiqizwa, anikezela ngezici ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni komsebenzi okuphrofeshinali.

I-TIFF

Ifomethi Yefayela Lesithombe Esimakiwe (TIFF) ifomethi eguqukayo kakhulu, yekhwalithi ephezulu esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthwebuleni izithombe, ukushicilela, nokuphrinta. Isekela ukujula okuncane okuhlukahlukene, izikhala zemibala, nezinketho zokuminyanisa ezingalahleki.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8-bit, 16-bit, noma 32-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ukucindezelwa okungacindezelwe noma okungalahleki (LZW, ZIP)
  • Izinzuzo: Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu, ukusekelwa kwezingqimba, izinketho eziguquguqukayo, zamukelwa kabanzi embonini yokunyathelisa
  • Ububi: Osayizi bamafayela amakhulu kakhulu, awafanele ukusetshenziswa kwewebhu
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Ukushicilela kokuphrinta, izingobo zomlando, amafayela wokuhlela amaphakathi, amafayela ayinhloko ekhwalithi ephezulu

I-PSD

Ifomethi yefayela yomdabu ye-Adobe Photoshop (PSD) igcina wonke amakhono okuhlela afaka izendlalelo, imaski, umbhalo, izendlalelo zokulungisa, nezinto ezihlakaniphile. Ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhlela.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8-bit, 16-bit, noma 32-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ukucindezela kwe-RLE okungalahleki ngokuzithandela
  • Izinzuzo: Ukusekelwa kwesici esigcwele se-Photoshop, kugcina zonke izendlalelo zokuhlela nokulungiswa
  • Ububi: Usayizi wefayela omkhulu, ngokuyinhloko uhambisana nesofthiwe ye-Adobe
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Amaphrojekthi wokuhlela ayinkimbinkimbi, izinhlanganisela, imiklamo edinga izinto eziningi

PDF

Ifomethi Yedokhumenti Ephathekayo (i-PDF) ingaqukatha izithombe ze-raster noma ze-vector futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwabelana ngomsebenzi wokugcina wokuthwebula, ikakhulukazi amaphothifoliyo, izincwadi, namaphrinti. Ilondoloza ukufometha kuwo wonke amadivayisi namasistimu okusebenza.

  • Ukusekelwa Kwesithombe: Ingakwazi ukushumeka amafomethi ezithombe ahlukahlukene ngokulungiswa okuhlukile
  • Ukuminyanisa: Izinketho ezihlukahlukene kusuka kokungalahleki kuya kokucindezelwe kakhulu
  • Izinzuzo: Ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke, kulondoloza ukwakheka nokufometha, izici zokuphepha
  • Ububi: Ayiklanyelwe ukuhlela okuqukethwe kwezithombe
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Amaphothifoliyo, ukulethwa kwamakhasimende, ukuphrinta okushicilelwe, amabhuku ezithombe

Amafomethi Ewebhu Yesimanje

Lawa mafomethi amasha alungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwewebhu, anikezela ngama-algorithms okucindezela athuthukile agcina ikhwalithi ngenkathi ehlisa usayizi wefayela ngezikhathi zokulayisha ngokushesha.

I-WebP

Ithuthukiswe i-Google, i-WebP inikeza ukucindezelwa okuphezulu kwezithombe zewebhu, ngazo zombili izinketho ezilahlekile nezingalahleki. Idizayinelwe ukumiselela i-JPEG, i-PNG, ne-GIF ukuze isetshenziswe iwebhu ngosayizi bamafayela amancane ngekhwalithi elinganayo.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ukulahlekelwa noma ukulahlekelwa
  • Izinzuzo: Incane ngo-25-35% kune-JPEG ngekhwalithi efanayo, isekela ukugqwayiza nokuba sobala
  • Ububi: Akusekelwa yizo zonke iziphequluli (ikakhulukazi ezindala)
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Izithombe zewebhu, ikakhulukazi kumasayithi abalulekile ekusebenzeni

I-AVIF

Ifomethi yefayela lesithombe ye-AV1 (AVIF) iyifomethi entsha esekelwe kukhodekhi yevidiyo ye-AV1. Inikeza ukuthuthuka okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokucindezela uma kuqhathaniswa ne-JPEG, i-PNG, kanye ne-WebP imbala.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8 kuya ku-12-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ukulahlekelwa noma ukulahlekelwa
  • Izinzuzo: Ukusebenza kahle kokucindezelwa okuphezulu, ukwesekwa kwe-HDR, obala, i-gamut yombala obanzi
  • Ububi: Ukusekelwa kwesiphequluli esinomkhawulo, izidingo zekhompyutha zombhalo wekhodi ophezulu
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Okuqukethwe kwewebhu kwesizukulwane esilandelayo, ukwenziwa ngcono kwewebhu okugxile esikhathini esizayo

I-HEIF/HEIC

Ifomethi Yesithombe Esebenza Kakhulu (i-HEIF) kanye Nesitsha Sesithombe Esisebenza Kahle (HEIC) amafomethi esithombe esimanje anikeza ukuminyanisa okungcono kune-JPEG kuyilapho egcina ikhwalithi ephezulu. I-Apple yamukele i-HEIC njengefomethi yekhamera ezenzakalelayo ku-iOS 11.

  • Ukujula Kancane: 8 kuya ku-16-bit
  • Ukuminyanisa: Ukulahlekelwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-HEVC (H.265).
  • Izinzuzo: Cishe ngo-50% encane kune-JPEG ngekhwalithi efanayo, isekela obala, ukugqwayiza, nezithombe eziningi
  • Ububi: Ukuhambisana okulinganiselwe ngaphandle kwe-Apple ecosystem, ilungelo lobunikazi lihlanganisiwe
  • Okungcono kakhulu: Abasebenzisi bedivayisi ye-Apple, isitoreji esisebenzayo sezithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwefomethi Yefayela Yezidingo Ezihlukene Zezithombe

Ukukhetha ifomethi yefayela efanele kuncike ezidingweni zakho ezithile zokuthatha izithombe. Lesi siqhathaniso sikusiza ukuthi ukhethe ifomethi engcono kakhulu yamacala okusetshenziswa ahlukahlukene.

Sebenzisa Ikesi Ifomethi Enconyiwe Enye Ifomethi Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile
Professional Photo Shooting I-RAW (ifomethi yomdabu yekhamera) I-DNG Ukulondolozwa kwedatha okuphezulu ukuze kube nezimo zokuhlela; gcina njengabaphathi bengobo yomlando
I-Masters/Izingobo zomlando ezihleliwe I-TIFF (16-bit) PSD, DNG Ikhwalithi engalahleki, ukuhambisana okubanzi, ifomethi yobufakazi besikhathi esizayo
Phrinta Ukushicilelwa I-TIFF PDF, PSD Isekela isikhala sombala we-CMYK, ukujula okuncane okuphezulu, izinga lomkhakha
Ukushicilela Kwewebhu I-JPEG I-WebP Ibhalansi yekhwalithi nosayizi wefayela; I-WebP yamasayithi esimanje
Ukwabelana Kwezokuxhumana I-JPEG I-PNG (yombhalo/izithombe) Izinkundla eziningi zicindezela kabusha ukulayisha noma kunjalo; gxila kubukhulu ne-aspect ratios
Ukuhlela Okuyinkimbinkimbi I-PSD I-TIFF enezendlalelo Ilondoloza izendlalelo, imaski, ukulungiswa, umbhalo, nezinto ezihlakaniphile
Izithombe ezinokubonisa ngale I-PNG I-WebP Ikhwalithi engalahleki enosekelo lwesiteshi se-alpha
Izithonjana Nezithombe I-PNG I-SVG (yezithombe zevekhtha) Imiphetho ebukhali, imibala ekhawulelwe, ukukhanya okungenzeka
Ukulayisha Kwewebhu Okushesha Kakhulu I-WebP I-JPEG (elungiselelwe) Ifomethi yesimanje enesilinganiso esingcono sokuminyanisa-kuya-kwikhwalithi
Izithombe Zeselula I-HEIC/JPEG RAW (uma ikhona) Ibhalansi phakathi kwekhwalithi nokucatshangelwa kwesitoreji
Ukulethwa Kweklayenti I-JPEG (ikhwalithi ephezulu) I-ZIP yama-JPEG noma i-PDF Ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke, usayizi onengqondo, ikhwalithi enhle
Amabhuku Ezithombe/Ama-albhamu I-JPEG (ikhwalithi ephezulu) I-TIFF Hlola izidingo zesevisi yokuphrinta; ezinye zidinga amafomethi athile

Ukuhlanganisa Amafomethi Efayela Ekuhambeni Komsebenzi Wakho Wezithombe

1

Thatha: Qala nge-RAW

Noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka, thwebula ngefomethi yekhamera yakho ethi RAW ukuze ulondoloze idatha yesithombe esiphezulu. Lokhu kukunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu phakathi nokuhlela futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi unalo lonke ulwazi lwangempela olusuka kunzwa yekhamera yakho. Ngomsebenzi ongabalulekile kangako noma lapho isitoreji sinomkhawulo, i-JPEG yekhwalithi ephezulu iyindlela eyamukelekayo.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe:

  • Cabangela ukusebenzisa RAW+JPEG ukuze wabelane ngokushesha kuyilapho ulondoloza RAW ukuze uhlelwe
  • Setha ikhamera yakho ngesikhala sombala esifanelekile (i-Adobe RGB noma i-ProPhoto RGB) ukuze uthole i-gamut ebanzi
  • Sebenzisa ukujula okuphezulu kakhulu kwebhithi okutholakala kukhamera yakho ukuze uthole ikhwalithi ephezulu
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Ngenisa futhi Yenza Ikhophi Yasenqolobaneni: Cabangela ukuguqulela ku-DNG

Lapho ungenisa izithombe kukhompuyutha yakho, cabanga ukuguqula amafayela e-RAW okuphathelene abe ifomethi ye-Adobe DNG ukuze asebenzisane kangcono isikhathi eside. Ngaso sonke isikhathi dala izipele eziningi zamafayela akho asekuqaleni ngaphandle kwefomethi. Hlela amafayela akho ngendlela efanayo yokuqamba amagama ehlanganisa amadethi nemethadatha efanelekile.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe:

  • Setha ukuguqulwa kwe-DNG okuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokungenisa ku-Lightroom uma usebenzisa i-ecosystem ye-Adobe
  • Sebenzisa “shumeka ifayela lokuqala le-RAW” lapho uguqulela ku-DNG ukuze ulondoloze yonke idatha yangempela
  • Sebenzisa isu lokusekelayo le-3-2-1: amakhophi ama-3, izinhlobo ezi-2 zemidiya ezihlukene, indawo e-1 engekho
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Hlela Ngokungabhubhi

Sebenzisa amasu okuhlela angakonakali agcina idatha yesithombe soqobo. Iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile ezifana ne-Adobe Lightroom, Capture One, ne-DxO PhotoLab zisebenza ngendlela engonakali ngamafayela e-RAW. Ngokuhlela okuthuthukile ku-Photoshop, sebenzisa izendlalelo zokulungisa, izinto ezihlakaniphile, namamaski engqimba ukuze ugcine ukuhleleka.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe:

  • Londoloza amafayela e-Photoshop njenge-PSD noma i-TIFF ngezendlalelo ukuze ulondoloze ukuhleleka okugcwele
  • Sebenzisa izinto ezihlakaniphile lapho uletha amafayela RAW ku-Photoshop ukuze ugcine amakhono okuhlela angu-RAW
  • Dala amakhophi abonakalayo kusofthiwe yekhathalogi ukuze uzame izitayela zokuhlela ezihlukene
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Londoloza Amafayela Ahleliwe Ayinhloko

Ngemva kokuqeda umsebenzi wakho omkhulu wokuhlela, londoloza amafayela ayinhloko ngefomethi yekhwalithi ephezulu egcina wonke umsebenzi wakho wokuhlela. Ngokuhlela okusekelwe kungqimba, sebenzisa i-PSD noma i-TIFF enezendlalelo. Ngokuhlela okusekelwe kukhathalogi (I-Lightroom, Capture One), cabanga ukuthumela amakhophi ayinhloko njengamafayela e-TIFF angu-16-bit ngezinjongo zokulondoloza umlando.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe:

  • Sebenzisa ukujula kombala okungu-16-bit kumafayela ayinhloko ukuze ugweme ukuhlanganisa okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlela okwengeziwe
  • Khetha isikhala sombala se-ProPhoto RGB noma se-Adobe RGB se-gamut yombala ebanzi kakhulu
  • Sebenzisa ukucindezela okungenakulahlekelwa (ZIP) kumafayela e-TIFF ukuze wonge isikhala ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi
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Thekelisa Ngezinjongo Ezihlukene

Dala ukuthunyelwa kwenhloso okuqondile kusuka kumafayela akho ayinhloko. Ngokusetshenziswa kwewebhu, thumela ama-JPEG athuthukisiwe noma amafayela e-WebP. Ukuze uphrinte, sebenzisa i-TIFF noma i-JPEG yekhwalithi ephezulu enamaphrofayili anemibala afanelekile. Kumakhasimende, cabangela izidingo zawo ezithile namandla obuchwepheshe lapho ekhetha amafomethi.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe:

  • Dala ukulungiselelwa kokuthekelisa kwezimo ezivamile zokukhishwayo (iwebhu, ukuphrinta, ukulethwa kweklayenti)
  • Ezithombeni zewebhu, sebenzisa isikhala sombala se-sRGB ukuze uthole umbala ongashintshi kuzo zonke iziphequluli
  • Shintsha usayizi wezithombe ngokufanele ukuze zisetshenziswe ezihlosiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhathi sokulayisha nekhwalithi
  • Cabangela ukusebenzisa i-WebP kuwebhusayithi yakho uma izethameli zakho eziqondisiwe zisebenzisa iziphequluli zesimanjemanje
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Faka kungobo yomlando Yesikhathi Eside

Dala isu lokufaka kungobo yomlando yesikhathi eside somsebenzi wakho wezithombe. Gcina amafayela okuqala e-RAW/DNG, kanye namafayela akho ahlelwe kahle (PSD/TIFF). Cabangela ubude besikhathi samafomethi owakhethile kanye nesofthiwe edingekayo ukuze uwafinyelele esikhathini esizayo.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe:

  • Faka amafayela e-XMP sidecar noma imethadatha eshumekiwe enamagama angukhiye, i-copyright, nezincazelo
  • Ngezikhathi ezithile thuthela izingobo zomlando uye kumidiya entsha yesitoreji ukuze uvimbele ukucekelwa phansi kwedatha
  • Cabangela ukudala amakhophi ekhwalithi ephezulu e-JPEG eduze kwamafomethi obunikazi ukuze uqinisekise ngokuzayo
  • Bhala isistimu yakho yenhlangano ukuze uyisebenzise esikhathini esizayo

Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zefomethi Yefayela Yabathwebuli Bezithombe

Ukuguqula Phakathi Kwamafomethi

Lapho uguqula phakathi kwamafomethi, landela lezi zimiso ukuze ugcine ikhwalithi ephezulu:

  • Nciphisa inani lokuguqulwa ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwekhwalithi okunqwabelanayo
  • Njalo guqula usuka kufayela lakho eliwumthombo wekhwalithi ephezulu
  • Lapho uguqula usuka ku-RAW, yenza konke ukuhlela okukhulu ngaphambi kokuguqulela kumafomethi alahlekile
  • Sebenzisa isofthiwe efanele ephatha amaphrofayili ombala ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa
  • Ungalokothi ulondoloze i-JPEG ngokuphindaphindiwe njengoba izokwehlisa izinga ngokulondoloza ngakunye
  • Ukuthuthukisa iwebhu, sebenzisa amathuluzi azinikele anikeza ukubuka kuqala kwekhwalithi

Ukuphathwa Kwesikhala Semibala

Amafomethi wefayela ahlukene asekela izikhala ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekubukekeni kwesithombe sakho kuwo wonke amadivayisi:

  • Sebenzisa i-ProPhoto RGB noma i-Adobe RGB uma uhlela ukuze uthole ubuningi be-gamut yombala
  • Guqula ibe yi-sRGB ukuze wabelane ngewebhu kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana
  • Sebenzisa amaphrofayili ombala afanelekile ukuze uphrinte (imvamisa i-Adobe RGB noma i-CMYK)
  • Shumeka amaphrofayela ombala kumafayela akho ukuze unikeze umbala ngokungaguquki
  • Linganisa imonitha yakho njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlolwa kombala okunembile
  • Qaphela ukuthi amanye amafomethi (njengama-JPEG athile) angase angasekeli izikhala zombala we-gamut ebanzi

Isitoreji Nokugcinwa Kwengobo yomlando

Amasu okugcina afanele aqinisekisa ukuthi izithombe zakho zihlala zifinyeleleka futhi ziqinile iminyaka ezayo:

  • Gcina amafayela angu-RAW kanye nokuhlela okuyinhloko kumadrayivu ahlukene kusukela kumafayela asebenzayo
  • Sebenzisa amafomethi avuliwe, asekelwa kakhulu (i-DNG, i-TIFF) ukuze ulondoloze umlando wesikhathi eside
  • Dala isu lemethadatha elinamagama angukhiye angashintshi, izilinganiso, nezincazelo
  • Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum ukuze uqinisekise ubuqotho befayela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
  • Hlela ukuthuthela kwefomethi evamile njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka
  • Bhala uhlelo lwakho lwenhlangano kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi ukuze uthole inkomba yesikhathi esizayo
  • Cabangela izixazululo zokulondoloza ifu ngomlando wenguqulo womsebenzi obalulekile

Ukulungiselela Ukusebenza

Linganisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza ukuze ugcine ukugeleza komsebenzi okuphumelelayo:

  • Sebenzisa ukuhlola kuqala okuhlakaniphile noma amafayela ommeleli ukuze uhlele ngokushesha amafayela amakhulu e-RAW
  • Guqula ngokukhethayo uye ku-DNG ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwekhathalogi kusofthiwe ye-Adobe
  • Sebenzisa izilungiselelo zokucindezela ezifanele ngezidingo zakho ezithile
  • Dala ama-JPEG athuthukisiwe okuqinisekisa amaklayenti ukuze uthuthukise isivinini sokulethwa
  • Cabangela ifomethi yefayela lapho uklama ukugeleza komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo kokucubungula
  • Hlola izilungiselelo zefomethi ehlukile ukuze uthole isilinganiso sakho esilungile sekhwalithi yokusebenza

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwewebhu Nezokuxhumana

Lungiselela izithombe zakho ukuze wabelane ngedijithali ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi ecatshangwayo:

  • Sebenzisa izilungiselelo zekhwalithi ye-JPEG phakathi kuka-70-85% ukuze uthole isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sekhwalithi nosayizi
  • Cabangela i-WebP ukuze iwebhusayithi yakho ithuthukise izikhathi zokulayisha
  • Shintsha usayizi wezithombe zibe izilinganiso ezifanele zomongo wazo wesibonisi
  • Sebenzisa ama-JPEG aqhubekayo ukuze uthole umuzwa wokulayisha obonwa kangcono
  • Khipha imethadatha engadingekile ukuze ilayishe ngokushesha (kodwa gcina imininingwane ye-copyright)
  • Qaphela ukulungiselelwa okuqondene nenkundla (Instagram, Facebook, njll.)
  • Sebenzisa ama-CDN ezithombe zesimanje anganikeza amafomethi athuthukisiwe asekelwe ekusekelweni kwesiphequluli

Ukuphathwa kwemethadatha

Phatha kahle imethadatha yesithombe kuwo wonke amafomethi ahlukene:

  • Engeza i-copyright kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana kuzo zonke izithombe ezisabalalisiwe
  • Sebenzisa amagama angukhiye angaguquki ukuze usesheke kangcono kukhathalogi yakho
  • Qaphela ukuthi amanye amafomethi agcina imethadatha eningi kunamanye
  • Faka idatha yendawo yesithombe sezwe nesokuvakasha lapho kufanele
  • Idokhumenti yemininingwane yobuchwepheshe engase ibe usizo ekuhleleni esikhathini esizayo
  • Cabangela imiphumela yobumfihlo lapho wabelana ngezithombe ezinedatha yendawo eshumekiwe
  • Qonda ukuthi isofthiwe ehlukile iyisingatha kanjani imethadatha ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwefomethi

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Namafomethi Efayela Lesithombe

Ingabe kufanele ngihlale ngidubula ngefomethi ye-RAW?

Yize i-RAW inikezela ngekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okuhlela, ayidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzo zonke izimo. I-RAW ilungele umsebenzi wobungcweti, izimo zokukhanyisa eziyinselele, noma lapho kudingeka ukulawula okuphezulu kokuhlela. I-JPEG ingase yanele ukuthatha izithombe nje, izimo lapho udinga ukuthwebula ngokushesha okuqhubekayo, ube nesitoreji esilinganiselwe, noma udinga ukwabelana ngokushesha. Ochwepheshe abaningi basebenzisa i-RAW+JPEG ukuze babe nezinketho zombili ezitholakalayo.

Kungani imibala yami ibukeka yehlukile uma ngabelana ngezithombe ku-inthanethi?

Umehluko wemibala ku-inthanethi ungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: ukuguqulwa kwesikhala sombala okungafanele (hhayi ukuguqulelwa ku-sRGB ukuze kusetshenziswe iwebhu), amaphrofayili ombala oshumekiwe angekho, ukuphathwa kombala wesiphequluli esihlukile, ukulinganiswa kokuboniswa okuhlukahlukene, kanye nokucindezelwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana. Ukuze unciphise lezi zinkinga, hlala uguqulela esikhaleni sombala se-sRGB, shumeka amaphrofayela ombala, sebenzisa isofthiwe enokuphathwa kahle kombala, futhi ubuke izithombe zakho kumadivayisi amaningi ngaphambi kokwabelana.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokucindezelwa okulahlekile nokungalahleki?

Ukuminyanisa okungenakulahlekelwa kunciphisa usayizi wefayela ngaphandle kokulahla noma iyiphi idatha yesithombe, okuvumela ukwakhiwa kabusha okuphelele kwesithombe sokuqala (izibonelo: i-PNG, i-TIFF ene-ZIP compression). Ukucindezela okulahlekile kulahla unomphela idatha yesithombe ukuze kuzuzwe osayizi bamafayela amancane (izibonelo: i-JPEG, i-WebP kumodi yokulahlekelwa). I-Lossless ilungele ukusebenza kwamafayela nokugcinwa kungobo yomlando, kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa kulungele ukulethwa kokugcina lapho usayizi wefayela ubalulekile. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi ukucindezela okulahlekile akukwazi ukuhlehliswa ukuze kubuyiselwe idatha yesithombe sokuqala.

Ingabe kufanele ngiguqule amafayela ami e-RAW abe yifomethi ye-DNG?

Ukuguqulela ku-DNG kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa: ukuhambisana okuthuthukisiwe kwesikhathi eside njengezinga elivulekile, osayizi bamafayela amancane anokucindezela okungalahleki, imethadatha eshumekiwe engadingi amafayela e-sidecar, nokusebenza okusheshayo kusofthiwe ye-Adobe. Nokho, kunokucatshangelwa: ukuguqulwa kuthatha isikhathi, idatha ethile eqondene nekhamera ingase ilahleke, futhi akuwona wonke ama-software asekela ngokugcwele i-DNG. Abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi baguqulela ku-DNG ngezinjongo zokugcinwa kwengobo yomlando kuyilapho begcina amafayela angempela e-RAW njengezipele.

Iyiphi ifomethi engcono kakhulu yokuphrinta izithombe zami?

Ngokuphrinta okuphrofeshinali, i-TIFF ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengefomethi engcono kakhulu njengoba igcina ikhwalithi egcwele futhi isekela ukujula kombala okungu-16-bit kanye nezikhala ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Kumalebhu ezithombe zabathengi, i-JPEG yekhwalithi ephezulu (ikhwalithi engu-90-100%) ngokuvamile yanele futhi yamukelwa kabanzi. Lapho ulungiselela amafayela wokuphrinta, sebenzisa isikhala sombala se-Adobe RGB ukuze uthole i-gamut ebanzi, qinisekisa ukulungiswa okufanele (300 PPI isezingeni), futhi uhlole izimfuneko ezithile zesevisi yakho yokuphrinta njengoba zingaba nefomethi oyikhethayo noma imikhawulo.

Ngizilungiselela kanjani izithombe zewebhusayithi yami ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi?

Ukuze uthuthukise izithombe zewebhu kuyilapho ugcina ikhwalithi ecatshangwayo: shintsha usayizi wezithombe zibe ubukhulu bangempela obudingekayo (ungathembeli ekukaleni isiphequluli), sebenzisa i-JPEG kukhwalithi engu-70-80% yezithombe, cabanga ngefomethi ye-WebP yeziphequluli zesimanje, sebenzisa i-PNG ukuze uthole ihluzo ezinombhalo noma obala, sebenzisa izithombe eziphendulayo ezinosayizi abaningi, sebenzisa i-CDN elayishwayo yesimanje ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ucabangele ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugoqa kwezithombe. Amathuluzi afana ne-ImageOptim, i-Squoosh, noma i-ShortPixel angasiza ekutholeni ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwekhwalithi nosayizi wefayela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezithombe ze-8-bit kanye ne-16-bit?

Ukujula kancane kubhekisela enanini lolwazi lombala olugcinwe ngesiteshi ngasinye esithombeni. Izithombe ezingu-8-bit zigcina amazinga angu-256 esiteshini ngasinye (imibala engaba yizigidi ezingu-16.7), kuyilapho izithombe ezingu-16-bit zigcina amazinga angu-65,536 isiteshi ngasinye (izigidigidi zemibala engaba khona). Inzuzo engokoqobo ye-16-bit i-gradients ebushelelezi kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kokuhlela ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa okubonakalayo noma ukwenziwa kwephosta. Sebenzisa i-16-bit phakathi nokuhlela kanye namafayela ayinhloko, ikakhulukazi uma wenza izinguquko ezibalulekile ekuvezweni, umbala, noma ithoni. Ukulethwa kokugcina, i-8-bit ivamise ukunele njengoba iningi lamadivayisi wokubonisa lingabonisa kuphela umbala ongu-8-bit.

Ngingazigcina kanjani kungobo yomlando izithombe zami amashumi eminyaka?

Ukugcina kungobo yomlando yesikhathi eside: gcina amafayela e-RAW/DNG asekuqaleni kanye namakhosi ahleliwe (TIFF/PSD), sebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokugcina (amadrayivu angaphandle, isitoreji samafu, i-archival optical media), sebenzisa isu lokusekelayo le-3-2-1, amadrayivu esitolo ezindaweni ezilawulwa yisimo sezulu, hlola njalo ubuqotho bengobo yomlando ngama-checksum, thuthela kufomethi entsha yesitoreji seminyaka engu-5 NG, sebenzisa i-D5 yemidiya evulekile (i-DFF) shumeka imethadatha ebanzi (i-copyright, amagama angukhiye, izincazelo), gcina isistimu yekhathalogi, futhi ubhale phansi inhlangano yakho yesitoreji ukuze uyisebenzise esikhathini esizayo. Ukuqinisekisa okuvamile nokufuduka kubalulekile njengoba yonke imidiya yesitoreji yonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kahle Ukuhamba Kwakho Kwezithombe

Ukuqonda amafomethi wefayela kuwucezu olulodwa nje lwendida yezithombe. Hlola eminye imihlahlandlela yethu ebanzi ukuze ukhuphule amakhono akho futhi uqondise ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi kusukela ekuthwebuleni kuya kokuphrinta.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwefomethi Yefayela Hlola Wonke Amafomethi
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