Incazelo Yefomethi Yevidiyo ye-HDR
Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukusiza uqonde amafomethi wevidiyo e-hdr achaziwe.
Iyini Ividiyo ye-HDR nokuthi Kungani Ibalulekile
Ividiyo ye-High Dynamic Range (HDR) imelela uguquko oluya phambili kubuchwepheshe bokuboniswa, enikeza ikhwalithi yokubuka ethuthuke ngokumangazayo uma iqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe kobubanzi obujwayelekile (SDR). I-HDR ithwebula futhi ibonise ububanzi obubanzi bamazinga okukhanya, kusukela kokumnyama okujulile kuya kwabamhlophe abakhazimula kakhulu, idala izithombe ezifana kakhulu nalokho okubonwa iso lomuntu ngokwemvelo. Lobu bubanzi bokukhanya obunwetshiwe, ngokuvamile obusuka ku-0.1 kuye ku-1,000 nits noma ngaphezulu, buvumela imiphumela yokukhanya engokoqobo nemininingwane eyengeziwe kukho kokubili izithunzi nokugqamile. Umthelela we-HDR udlulela ngalé kwamaleveli okukhanya nje. Ividiyo ye-HDR iphinde futhi isekele ama-gamuts anombala obanzi, okusho ukuthi ingabonisa imibala eminingi kunamafomethi evidiyo endabuko. Nakuba ividiyo evamile ngokuvamile ihlanganisa cishe u-35% wemibala ebonakalayo, amafomethi e-HDR angakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha kuze kufike ku-75% wemibala engabonwa amehlo abantu. Lesi sikhala sombala esinwetshiwe, sihlanganiswe nokujula kwebhithi okwenyukile (ngokuvamile okungu-10-bit esikhundleni sika-8-bit), kuqeda ukuhlanganisa umbala futhi kunikeze ama-gradient ashelelayo. Umphumela uba okuqukethwe kwevidiyo okubonakala kugqama, kungokoqobo, futhi kugxilile, okwenza i-HDR ibaluleke kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwesinema, amageyimu, nokukhiqizwa kwamavidiyo ochwepheshe.
I-HDR10: I-Foundation Standard
I-HDR10 ime njengefomethi ye-HDR eyamukelwa kabanzi, esebenza njengezinga eliyisisekelo levidiyo ye-HDR kuyo yonke imboni. Ithuthukiswe njengezinga elivulekile, i-HDR10 isebenzisa imethadatha emile ukuze ichaze isikhala sombala nezici zokukhanya kuvidiyo yonke. Isekela i-Rec. Isikhala sombala esingu-2020, ukujula kombala okungu-10-bit, namazinga okukhanya aphezulu afika ku-10,000 nits, noma izibonisi eziningi zabathengi zivame ukuphakama ku-1,000-4,000 nits. Ifomethi isebenzisa umsebenzi wokudlulisa we-Perceptual Quantizer (PQ), owaziwa nangokuthi SMPTE ST 2084, ebeka imephu ububanzi obugcwele bokukhanya kwe-HDR kahle kakhulu kunamajika e-gamma endabuko. Ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke kwe-HDR10 kuyenza ibe indinganiso ye-de facto yokusabalalisa okuqukethwe kwe-HDR. Izinkundla ezinkulu zokusakaza ezifana ne-Netflix, i-Amazon Prime Video, ne-Disney+ zisebenzisa i-HDR10 kokuqukethwe kwazo kwe-HDR, futhi cishe zonke izibonisi ezine-HDR zisekela le fomethi. Nokho, ukuthembela kwe-HDR10 kumethadatha emile kusho ukuthi amapharamitha e-HDR asethwe kanye kuyo yonke ividiyo, okungase kube nomkhawulo wokulungiselelwa izigcawu ezinezidingo zokukhanya ezihlukahlukene. Naphezu kwalo mkhawulo, i-HDR10 ihlinzeka ngokuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kokuqukethwe kwe-SDR futhi isebenza njengendawo yokungena enhle kakhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho kokubuka kwe-HDR.
I-HDR10+ kanye ne-Dolby Vision: I-Advanced Dynamic HDR
I-HDR10+ ne-Dolby Vision imelela ukuvela okulandelayo kobuchwepheshe be-HDR, kokubili kusebenzisa imethadatha eguquguqukayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amapharamitha e-HDR endaweni yesehlakalo noma isisekelo sohlaka ngohlaka. I-HDR10+, eyakhiwe ngabakwaSamsung ngokubambisana ne-Amazon nabanye abaholi bemboni, yakhela phezu kwesisekelo se-HDR10 ngenkathi yengeza amakhono ashukumisayo okwenza imephu yethoni. Lokhu kuvumela abadali bokuqukethwe ukuthi bashune okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-HDR kuyo yonke ividiyo, baqinisekise ukukhanya okuphelele nokukhiqizwa kombala kwesigcawu ngasinye. I-HDR10+ igcina ukusebenzisana okusemuva nezibonisi ze-HDR10 kuyilapho inikeza ukuzizwisa okuthuthukisiwe kumadivayisi ahambisanayo. I-Dolby Vision, eyakhiwe yi-Dolby Laboratories, inikeza ukuqaliswa kwe-HDR okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu etholakalayo njengamanje. Isekela ukujula kombala okufika ku-12-bit kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu okungokomqondo kwamanithi angu-10,000, i-Dolby Vision inikeza ukunemba kombala okuphakeme kanye nobubanzi obuguqukayo. Ifomethi ihlanganisa imethadatha ephelele eqondisa kokubili ukwenziwa kahle kokuqukethwe kanye nokunikezwa kwesibonisi, iqinisekisa ukuthi inhloso yobuciko yomdali igcinwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokubuka. Okuqukethwe kwe-Dolby Vision kuchwepheshile ezikhungweni ezikhethekile, okuholela kukhwalithi yokubukwayo ephezulu ephawuleka ngokukhethekile kumathiyetha asekhaya asezingeni eliphezulu nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza zasesinema.
I-HLG: Isixazululo se-HDR esilungele ukusakaza
IHybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) imele indlela eyingqayizivele ye-HDR eklanyelwe ngqo ukusakaza umabonakude kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza bukhoma. Ithuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-BBC kanye ne-NHK (umsakazi kazwelonke wase-Japan), i-HLG ibhekana nezinselelo ezingokoqobo zokusabalalisa okuqukethwe kwe-HDR phezu kwengqalasizinda evamile yokusakaza. Ngokungafani namanye amafomethi e-HDR adinga imethadatha ethile, i-HLG isebenzisa umsebenzi wokudlulisa oyingxube obuyela emuva ohambisana nezibonisi ze-SDR kuyilapho inikeza izinzuzo ze-HDR ezikrinini ezihambisanayo. Lesi sixazululo esihle sivumela abasakazi ukuthi badlulise isignali eyodwa esebenza kuwo womabili amadivayisi we-HDR ne-SDR. Idizayini ye-HLG egxile ekusakazeni iyenza ilungele ezemidlalo ezibukhoma, izindaba, nokunye okuqukethwe kwesikhathi sangempela lapho izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingekayo ze-HDR10+ noma i-Dolby Vision zingasebenzi. I-HLG isekela i-Rec. Isikhala sombala esingu-2020 kanye nombhalo wekhodi we-10-bit, ohlinzeka ngentuthuko enkulu nge-SDR ngenkathi kugcinwa ubulula obudingekayo ekusakazeni komsebenzi wokusakaza. Abasakazi abakhulu emhlabeni wonke bamukele i-HLG yokusakaza kwe-HDR, futhi ifomethi iya ngokuya isekelwa amapulatifomu okusakaza okuqukethwe bukhoma. Ikhono lefomethi lokusebenza ngaphandle kokwenza imephu yethoni eyinkimbinkimbi ikwenza kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kubakhiqizi bokuqukethwe abadinga ukulethwa okuthembekile kwe-HDR kuzo zonke izindawo zokubuka ezihlukahlukene.
Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Nokuhambisana
Ukuqonda imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yamafomethi ahlukene we-HDR kubalulekile kubadali bokuqukethwe, abasabalalisi, nabathengi abenza izinqumo zemishini. I-HDR10 isebenzisa ukujula kombala okungu-10-bit nge-Rec. Isikhala sombala esingu-2020 kanye nomsebenzi wokudlulisa we-PQ (SMPTE ST 2084), osekela ukukhanya okuphezulu okufika ku-10,000 nits ngemethadatha emile. I-HDR10+ igcina lezi zincazelo ezifanayo ngenkathi yengeza amandla emethadatha ashukumisayo nge-SMPTE I-ST 2094-40 ejwayelekile. I-Dolby Vision inikeza izicaciso eziphakeme kakhulu ezinombala ofika ku-12-bit, nakuba ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwabathengi kusebenzisa i-10-bit, futhi kusekela kokubili imisebenzi yokudlulisa ye-PQ ne-HLG kuye ngephrofayela esetshenzisiwe. Ukucatshangelwa kokuhambisana kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni ifomethi nasekusetshenzisweni. I-HDR10 ijabulela ukusekelwa kwendawo yonke kuwo wonke amadivayisi anamandla e-HDR, okuyenza ibe inketho ephephe kunazo zonke ekusebenzisaneni okubanzi. Ukusekelwa kwe-HDR10+ kukhule kakhulu, njengoba abakhiqizi be-TV abakhulu nezinsizakalo zokusakaza zamukela ifomethi, nakuba ingekho yonke indawo njenge-HDR10. I-Dolby Vision idinga ilayisense nokusekelwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile, ikhawulela ukutholakala kwayo kumadivayisi eprimiyamu, kodwa inikeza ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu uma isetshenziswe kahle. Ukusekelwa kwe-HLG kuyahlukahluka ngesifunda nangokusebenza, ngokutholwa okunamandla ezimakethe zokusakaza uma kuqhathaniswa nokusakaza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemidiya ebonakalayo.
Ukukhetha Ifomethi Elungile ye-HDR Yezidingo Zakho
Ukukhetha ifomethi ye-HDR efanele kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa uhlobo lokuqukethwe, indlela yokusabalalisa, izethameli eziqondiwe, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Ngokusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe okuvamile nokuhambisana okuphezulu, i-HDR10 isalokhu iyisinqumo esisebenziseka kakhulu ngenxa yokusekelwa kwayo kwendawo yonke kanye nokwethembeka okuqinisekisiwe. Abadali bokuqukethwe abaqondise ukuzizwisa kwe-premium kufanele bacabangele i-HDR10+ ngamakhono ayo emethadatha ashukumisayo kuyilapho ilondoloza ukusebenzisana okubanzi, noma i-Dolby Vision yokusetshenziswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu lapho izethameli eziqondiwe zinempahla ehambisanayo ephezulu. Ukugeleza komsebenzi wokukhiqiza neziteshi zokusabalalisa kunethonya elikhulu ekukhethweni kwefomethi. Amasevisi okusakaza ngokuvamile asekela amafomethi amaningi we-HDR, okuvumela okuqukethwe kulethwe ngefomethi engcono kakhulu etholakalayo kudivayisi ngayinye. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza ngokuvamile zivuna i-HLG ngezinzuzo zayo zokusebenzisana nezidingo zokuhamba komsebenzi ezenziwe lula. Abakhiqizi bemidiya ebonakalayo bangase bakhethe phakathi kwe-HDR10 ukuze ihambisane okubanzi noma i-Dolby Vision yokukhishwa kwe-premium okuqondiswe kuzithameli ezishisekayo. Lapho usebenza ngamafayela evidiyo e-HDR, ukuba namathuluzi okuguqula athembekile kubaluleka ukuze ulungise okuqukethwe phakathi kwamafomethi ahlukene nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kuwo wonke amapulatifomu namadivayisi ahlukahlukene.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Amafomethi we-HDR Afeza Izinhloso Ezihlukene
Ifomethi ngayinye ye-HDR ibhekana nezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa nezidingo zobuchwepheshe
- I-HDR10 ihlinzeka ngokuhambisana kwendawo yonke ukuze kusatshalaliswe kabanzi
- I-HDR10+ ne-Dolby Vision zinikeza ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kokuzizwisa kwe-premium
- I-HLG iyahamba phambili ekusakazeni nasekusakazeni bukhoma izinhlelo zokusebenza
Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Ikhwalithi Yomthelela
Ukuqonda ukucaciswa kwefomethi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukulethwa kokuqukethwe nolwazi lokubuka
- Ukujula kombala okungu-10-bit kuqeda ukuhlanganisa futhi kuthuthukisa ama-gradient
- Imethadatha ye-Dynamic inika amandla ukulungiselelwa kwesigcawu nesigcawu
- Isikhala sombala nokukhanya okuphezulu kunquma umthelela wokubuka usuwonke
Ukutholwa KweDrayivu Evumelanayo
Impumelelo yefomethi incike kakhulu ekusekelweni kwedivayisi nasekuthathweni kwemboni
- I-HDR10 inikeza ukuhambisana kwedivayisi okubanzi kakhulu
- Amafomethi we-Premium adinga ukwesekwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile
- Amafomethi okusakaza abeka phambili ukuhamba komsebenzi okulula kunekhwalithi ephezulu
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemethadatha emile neguqukayo ku-HDR?
Imethadatha emile (esetshenziswa ku-HDR10) isebenzisa amapharamitha e-HDR afanayo kuvidiyo yonke, kuyilapho imethadatha eguquguqukayo (esetshenziswa ku-HDR10+ ne-Dolby Vision) ivumela ukulungiselelwa kwesigcawu-ngesiqephu noma isisekelo sohlaka nohlaka, okuhlinzeka ngokujwayelana kangcono nokukhanya okuhlukahlukene kokuqukethwe nezidingo zombala.
Ngingakwazi ukubuka okuqukethwe kwe-HDR10+ kusibonisi se-HDR10 kuphela?
Yebo, i-HDR10+ ibuyela emuva iyahambisana nezibonisi ze-HDR10. Imethadatha eguquguqukayo izozitshwa, futhi okuqukethwe kuzodlala kusetshenziswa amapharamitha ayisisekelo we-HDR10, kusahlinzeka ngolwazi lwe-HDR nakuba ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa okuthuthukisiwe.
Kungani ezinye izinsiza zokusakaza zinikeza amafomethi amaningi we-HDR?
Amasevisi okusakaza ahlinzeka ngamafomethi amaningi e-HDR ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzizwisa okufanelekile kokubuka kuwo wonke amadivayisi ahlukene. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zilethe i-Dolby Vision kumadivayisi e-premium kuyilapho zibuyela emuva ku-HDR10+ noma i-HDR10 ukuze zisebenzisane kabanzi, okwandisa ukufinyelela kwezithameli zazo.
Ingabe i-Dolby Vision ihlala ingcono kune-HDR10+?
I-Dolby Vision ivamise ukuhlinzeka ngezicaciso ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa umehluko wangempela wokubuka uncike emandleni esibonisi, ikhwalithi yokuphatha okuqukethwe, kanye nendawo yokubuka. Womabili amafomethi ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluhle kakhulu lwe-HDR uma lusetshenziswe kahle.
Ingabe ngidinga isofthiwe ekhethekile ukuze ngisebenze ngamafayela evidiyo e-HDR?
Ukusebenza ngevidiyo ye-HDR kudinga isofthiwe esekela amafomethi we-HDR nokuphathwa kombala okufanele. Isofthiwe yokuhlela ividiyo echwepheshile, izidlali zemidiya ezinokusekelwa kwe-HDR, namathuluzi okuguqula akhethekile ayadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi ye-HDR kukho konke ukukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa umsebenzi.
Kungakanani ukukhuphuka kosayizi wefayela okufanele ngikulindele ngevidiyo ye-HDR?
Ividiyo ye-HDR ngokuvamile inyusa osayizi bamafayela ngo-25-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe okufanayo kwe-SDR ngenxa yombhalo wekhodi we-10-bit, ama-gamuts ombala anwetshiwe, ne-metadata ngaphezulu. Ukwanda okuqondile kuncike kufomethi ethile ye-HDR, izilungiselelo zokuminyanisa, nezici zokuqukethwe.
Ingabe okuqukethwe kwe-HDR kungaguqulwa phakathi kwamafomethi ahlukene?
Yebo, okuqukethwe kwe-HDR kungashintshwa phakathi kwamafomethi, nakuba le nqubo idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezikhala zemibala, imephu yethoni, kanye nemethadatha ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi. Okunye ukuguqulwa kungase kuphumele ekulahlekeni kwekhwalithi, ikakhulukazi uma kuguqulwa kusuka kumafomethi acaciswe kakhulu njenge-Dolby Vision kuya ku-HDR10.
Kwenzekani uma okuqukethwe kwe-HDR kudlalwa ezibukweni okungezona eze-HDR?
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-HDR kudlalwa ezibukweni ze-SDR, imephu yethoni iyenzeka ukuze iminyanise ububanzi obuguquguqukayo obunwetshiwe emandleni esibonisi. Le nqubo iyahlukahluka ngekhwalithi kuye ngesofthiwe yesidlali futhi ingaholela ezithombeni ezibonakala zimnyama kakhulu noma zigezeke ngaphandle kokumepha ithoni okufanele.
Sebenzisa Ulwazi Lwakho
Manje njengoba usuwaqonda amagama, zama ukuguqula ukuze usebenzise okufundile. Ukuguqulwa kwamahhala, okungenamkhawulo ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti edingekayo.