Gcwalisa Umhlahlandlela Wokuqhathanisa weKhodekhi Yevidiyo
Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamakhodekhi evidiyo esimanje okuhlanganisa i-H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1, nokuningi. Thola i-codec ephelele yokusakaza kwakho, ukukhiqiza, noma izidingo zokulondoloza kungobo yomlando.
Uhlu Lokuphakathi
- Isingeniso se-Video Codec
Funda izisekelo zokuminyanisa ividiyo nokuthi kungani amakhodekhi ebalulekile ekusakazeni nasekugcinweni.
- Uhlolojikelele lwamakhodekhi evidiyo amakhulu
Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwe-H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1, namanye amakhodekhi wevidiyo abalulekile.
- I-Codec Comparison Table
Ukuqhathaniswa kobuchwepheshe ohlangothini ngalunye kokusebenza kahle kokucindezela, ikhwalithi, nokuhambisana.
- Ukuvela kwama-codecs evidiyo
Ukuthuthukiswa komlando kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe bokucindezela amavidiyo.
- Sebenzisa Amacala kanye Nezincomo
Iyiphi i-codec esebenza kangcono ekusakazeni, ekukhiqizweni, ekulondolozweni komlando, nezinye izimo ezithile.
- I-Technical Deep Dive
Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe okuthuthukisiwe kwabangaphakathi be-codec, ukusebenza kahle kwe-bitrate, nezindlela zokufaka ikhodi.
- Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izimpendulo zemibuzo evamile mayelana nokukhetha kwekhodekhi yevidiyo, ukuhambisana, nokusebenza.
Isingeniso se-Video Codec
Amakhodekhi wevidiyo ayinsika yobuchwepheshe bevidiyo yedijithali, okuvumela ukugcinwa okuphumelelayo kanye nokudluliswa kokuqukethwe kwevidiyo kuzo zonke izinkundla namadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola amakhodekhi evidiyo abaluleke kakhulu atholakalayo namuhla, siqhathanise amandla awo nobuthakathaka, futhi sikusize ukhethe ikhodekhi elungile yezidingo zakho ezithile.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumdali wokuqukethwe, umhlinzeki wesevisi yokusakaza, noma ufuna ukwazi nje ukuthi amavidiyo akho owathandayo afinyelela kanjani esikrinini sakho, ukuqonda amakhodekhi evidiyo kubalulekile ohlelweni lwendawo lwedijithali lwanamuhla.
Kungani I-Codecs Yevidiyo Ibalulekile
Amakhodekhi evidiyo (i-compression/decompression algorithms) asebenza njengomgogodla wokusatshalaliswa kwamavidiyo edijithali, okwenza ividiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu igcinwe kahle futhi idluliselwe kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi anomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe. Ukukhetha okufanele kwekhodekhi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu:
Usayizi Wefayela
Amakhodekhi esimanje anganciphisa osayizi bamafayela evidiyo aze afike ku-50-80% uma kuqhathaniswa namafomethi amadala kuyilapho egcina ikhwalithi yokubuka.
Ukuhambisana
Amadivayisi ahlukahlukene nezinkundla zisekela amakhodekhi ahlukene, okuthinta ukuthi amavidiyo akho angabukwa kuphi futhi kanjani.
Ikhwalithi yokusakaza
Amakhodekhi asebenzayo avumela ukulungiswa okuphezulu nokusakaza-bukhoma kwekhwalithi engcono ngisho nasekuxhumekeni komkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Amanye ama-codec adinga amandla engeziwe okucubungula ukuze aqophe, okuthinta ngqo impilo yebhethri kumadivayisi eselula.
Ukuminyanisa ividiyo kusebenza ngokususa idatha ebonakalayo engasanele ngezindlela ezingabonakali ngeso lomuntu. Le nqubo ihlanganisa amasu ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa:
- Ukucindezelwa kwendawo: Ukunciphisa ukungasasebenzi ngaphakathi kozimele ngamunye
- Ukucindezelwa kwesikhashana: Ukugcina kuphela umehluko phakathi kozimele abalandelanayo
- Ikhodi ye-Entropy: Ukusebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukumela amaphethini avamile ngokuyimpumelelo
- Isampula ye-Chroma: Ukunciphisa ulwazi lombala amehlo abantu angazweli kakhulu kuwo
Njengoba siqhathanisa amakhodekhi ahlukene kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola ukuthi ngayinye iwasebenzisa kanjani lawa masu kanye nomphumela wokuhwebelana phakathi kwekhwalithi yokubuka, ukusebenza kahle kokucindezelwa, kanye nezidingo zokubala.
Uhlolojikelele lwamakhodekhi evidiyo amakhulu
H.264 / AVC
I-H.264 (Ukubhala Ngekhodi Okuthuthukile Kwevidiyo) kuseyikhodekhi yevidiyo esekelwa kakhulu cishe kuwo wonke amadivayisi nezinkundla. Ithuthukiswe yiqembu le-ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group kanye ne-ISO/IEC MPEG, inikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu phakathi kokusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa nobunkimbinkimbi bokuqopha.
- Isekelwa cishe yiwo wonke amadivayisi neziphequluli
- Ukusheshisa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kutholakala kabanzi
- Ibhalansi enhle yekhwalithi nokucindezela
- Izidingo eziphansi zokubala
H.265 / HEVC
I-H.265 (I-High Efficiency Video Coding) ilandela i-H.264, enikeza cishe u-50% wokuminyanisa okungcono ezingeni elifanayo lekhwalithi. Isebenza kahle kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-4K ne-HDR, nakuba idinga amandla okucubungula engeziwe ukuze ibethelwe futhi iqoshwe.
- Ukucindezela okungcono okungu-50% kune-H.264
- Ilungele okuqukethwe kwe-4K ne-HDR
- Ukukhula kosekelo lwehadiwe kumadivayisi amasha
- Ukusekela ukulungiswa kwe-8K
VP9
Ithuthukiswe i-Google, i-VP9 iyindlela engenazo izinzuzo ku-H.265 enekhono elifanayo lokucindezela. Isekelwa kabanzi ezipheqululini zewebhu futhi isiyi-codec evamile ye-YouTube, enikeza ukuminyanisa okungcono kakhulu kune-H.264.
- Izinga elivulekile lamahhala
- Ukusekelwa kwesiphequluli okuhle kakhulu
- Ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-H.265/HEVC
- Isetshenziswa yi-YouTube nezinye izinkundla zewebhu
I-AV1
I-AV1 iyikhodekhi yevidiyo esezingeni eliphezulu ethuthukiswe yi-Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), eklanyelwe ukuphumelela i-VP9 futhi iqhudelane ne-HEVC. Inikeza cishe u-30% wokuminyanisa okungcono kune-VP9 ne-H.265/HEVC ngezindleko zobunzima bombhalo wekhodi obuphakeme kakhulu.
- Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokucindezela okutholakalayo njengamanje
- I-Royalty-free nosekelo olubanzi lwemboni
- Isiphequluli esikhulayo nokusekelwa kwenkundla
- Yamukelwa ngokwandayo izinsiza zokusakaza ezinkulu
I-Codec Comparison Table
| Isici | I-H.264 (AVC) | I-H.265 (HEVC) | VP9 | I-AV1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuphumelela Kokucindezela | Isisekelo | ~50% kangcono kune-H.264 | ~50% kangcono kune-H.264 | ~30% kangcono kune-HEVC/VP9 |
| Isivinini Sokufaka Ikhodi | Ngokushesha | Kancane | Kancane kancane | Ihamba kancane kakhulu |
| I-Decoding Complexity | Phansi | Maphakathi | Maphakathi | Phezulu |
| Usekelo Lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha | Universal | Kuhle (amadivayisi amasha) | Inomkhawulo | Abasafufusa |
| Ukusekela Kwesiphequluli | Zonke iziphequluli | Okukhawulelwe (Safari, Edge) | Iziphequluli ezinkulu | Ukukhula (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) |
| Ukusekelwa Kweselula | Wonke amadivayisi | Amadivayisi amasha kakhulu | Igxile ku-Android | Inomkhawulo, iyathuthuka |
| Ukulungiswa Okukhulu | 8K (akuvamile ukusetshenziswa) | 8K | 8K | 8K+ |
| Ukusekelwa kwe-HDR | Inomkhawulo | Kuhle kakhulu | Kuhle | Kuhle kakhulu |
| Ilayisensi | Izimali ze-patent | Izimali ze-patent (eziphezulu) | I-Royalty-free | I-Royalty-free |
| Unyaka Okhishiwe | 2003 | 2013 | 2013 | 2018 |
| Intuthuko | I-MPEG/ITU | I-MPEG/ITU | I-Alliance for Open Media |
Qaphela: Ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa kuyalinganiselwa futhi kungahluka ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lokuqukethwe, izilungiselelo zombhalo wekhodi, nokusebenzisa. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-AV1 zivame ukuza nobunkimbinkimbi bombhalo wekhodi obuphakeme kakhulu, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu okuqukethwe okuzobhalwa ngekhodi kanye futhi kudlalwa izikhathi eziningi.
Ukuvela kwama-codecs evidiyo
Ubuchwepheshe bekhodekhi yevidiyo buye bavela ngokuphawulekayo phakathi namashumi eminyaka, isizukulwane ngasinye siletha ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokucindezelwa kanye nekhwalithi yokubonwayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kuguquka kunikeza umongo obalulekile wokuhlola izinketho zanamuhla nokulindela intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
I-MPEG-1 ne-MPEG-2
Amazinga okuqala evidiyo edijithali ajwayelekile, i-MPEG-2 ibe yisisekelo sevidiyo ye-DVD nokusakaza kumabonakude wedijithali. Lawa ma-codec okuqala asungula amasu ayisisekelo wokuminyanisa ividiyo yesimanje.
H.264/AVC
Ingqophamlando ekuminyanisweni kwevidiyo, i-H.264 inikeze ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu nge-MPEG-2, inika amandla ukusakazwa kwevidiyo ye-HD namadiski e-Blu-ray. Ihlala iyikhodekhi esekelwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke cishe emashumini amabili eminyaka kamuva.
I-VP8
I-Google ithole futhi yakhulula i-VP8 njengenye indlela evulekile ku-H.264. Nakuba ingakaze izuze ukutholwa okufanayo, yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwekhodekhi yakamuva ye-Google kanye nokunyakaza kwamakhodekhi angenanzuzo.
I-H.265/HEVC ne-VP9
Lawa makhodekhi aqhudelanayo avele ngesikhathi esisodwa, womabili enikeza cishe u-50% wokucindezelwa okungcono kune-H.264. I-HEVC igxile ekusakazweni nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokusebenza ngenkathi i-VP9 ithola indawo yayo kuvidiyo yewebhu.
I-AV1
Ithuthukiswe yi-Alliance for Open Media (okuhlanganisa i-Google, i-Mozilla, i-Netflix, i-Amazon), i-AV1 ihlanganisa izici ezihamba phambili ze-VP9 namanye ama-codec okuhlola ukuze kwakhe izinga elingenanzuzo elinokuminyanisa okuphakeme ngokusebenza kahle.
H.266/VVC
I-Versatile Video Coding (VVC) ilandela i-HEVC, enikeza cishe u-50% wokucindezelwa okungcono kune-HEVC/H.265. Iqondise ngokuyinhloko ukulungiswa kwe-8K, okuqukethwe kwe-HDR, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza ividiyo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
I-AV2 & AI-based Codecs
Isizukulwane esilandelayo sama-codec cishe sizohlanganisa ukufunda komshini namanethiwekhi e-neural ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kokuminyanisa, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa vele kuyaqhubeka kumlandeli we-AV1.
Amathrendi Abalulekile Ku-Codec Evolution
Amaphethini amaningana acacile avele njengoba ubuchwepheshe bekhodekhi yevidiyo buthuthuke kakhulu:
Ukusebenza kahle Izinzuzo
Isizukulwane esisha ngasinye ngokuvamile sinikeza ukuncishiswa kwe-bitrate okungu-30-50% ngekhwalithi efanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nesandulelayo.
Ukukhula Okuyinkimbinkimbi
Ubunkimbinkimbi bombhalo wekhodi bukhula kakhulu ngesizukulwane ngasinye, okudinga izinsiza zokubala ezengeziwe.
Vula vs. Proprietary
Ukushuba kwesimo phakathi kwamazinga afakwe kulungelo lobunikazi (H.264/H.265) nezinye izinto ezingenanzuzo (VP9/AV1) kuye kwalolonga ukubukeka kwezwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI
Ukufunda ngomshini kufakwa kuma-codec amasha ukuze uthole izinqumo zokuminyanisa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Sebenzisa Amacala kanye Nezincomo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zevidiyo ezihlukene zinezidingo ezihlukile, futhi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwekhodekhi kuncike esimweni sakho sokusebenzisa. Nakhu ukuhlaziya kwethu ukuthi imaphi ama-codec ahamba phambili ezimeni ezihlukahlukene, kucatshangelwa ukuhambisana, ikhwalithi, nokucatshangelwa kokusebenza kahle.
Ukusakazwa Kwevidiyo Yewebhu
Kumapulatifomu evidiyo asekelwe kuwebhu, ukukhetha kwekhodekhi kufanele kulinganisele ukusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa nokuhambisana kwesiphequluli okubanzi. Ukusebenzisa izinketho eziningi zekhodekhi ngokusakaza okuguquguqukayo kuyindlela enconyiwe.
H.264 VP9 I-AV1Ividiyo yeselula
Amadivayisi eselula anomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe namandla okucubungula. Ukukhipha amakhodi okusheshiswe ngezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kubalulekile empilweni yebhethri, okwenza amakhodekhi asekelwa kabanzi athandeke naphezu kokucindezelwa kokuhwebelana.
H.264 H.265Okuqukethwe kwe-4K/HDR
Okuqukethwe okunokulungiswa okuphezulu, okune-dynamic-range ephezulu kudinga ama-codec ane-compression ephakeme kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe osayizi bamafayela nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa zilawuleka kuyilapho kugcinwa ikhwalithi yokubuka.
H.265 VP9 I-AV1Ukukhiqizwa Kwevidiyo
Ngokuhlelwa kwevidiyo nokugeleza komsebenzi wokukhiqiza, amakhodekhi adinga ukulinganisa ikhwalithi, ubungane bokuhlela, nokusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha. Ochwepheshe abaningi basebenzisa amakhodekhi okukhiqiza akhethekile ngaphambi kokulethwa kokugcina.
I-ProRes I-DNxHD H.264 (i-bitrate ephezulu)Sakaza umabonakude
Ukusakaza kunezidingo ezithile zokuthembeka, ikhwalithi, nokuhambisana nengqalasizinda ekhona. Amazinga emboni kanye nemithethonqubo ngokuvamile inquma ukukhetha kwe-codec.
I-MPEG-2 H.264 H.265Ukusakazwa kwegeyimu
Amageyimu efu kanye nezinsizakalo zokusakaza amageyimu zidinga amakhodekhi anikeza ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ukubhala ngekhodi okusheshayo, nokuqina kokuqukethwe okuyinkimbinkimbi, okushintsha ngokushesha okunama-artifact amancane.
H.264 H.265 I-AV1Umkhawulokudonsa ophansi
Ezimeni ezinemikhawulo eqinile yomkhawulokudonsa, njengamanethiwekhi eselula ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, amakhodekhi asebenza kahle kakhulu ahlinzeka ngesilinganiso esingcono kakhulu sekhwalithi ukuya ku-bitrate naphezu kobunzima bokubhala ngekhodi okuphezulu.
I-AV1 H.265Amakhamera Okuphepha
Amasistimu okuqapha adinga ukulinganisela ukurekhoda okuqhubekayo nemikhawulo yesitoreji, ngokuvamile abeka kuqala isitoreji esisebenza kahle isikhathi eside ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yokubuka ephelele.
H.264 H.265I-Archival Storage
Ukuze kulondolozwe isikhathi eside, amakhodekhi kufanele alinganisele ukusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa nobufakazi besikhathi esizayo kanye nokutholakala kwe-decoder. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenzisa amakhodekhi angalahleki ukugwema ukucekelwa phansi kwekhwalithi.
H.265 I-FFV1 (ilahlekile) I-ProResIsetshenziswa Nini Ama-Codecs Amasha
- Lapho indawo yokugcina noma umkhawulokudonsa ivinjelwa kakhulu
- Kokuqukethwe okuzobhalwa kanye kodwa okudlalwa izikhathi eziningi
- Lapho uqondise izinkundla ezithile ezinosekelo lwekhodekhi olwaziwayo
- Okokulungiswa okuphezulu (4K/8K) nokuqukethwe kobubanzi obuguqukayo obuphezulu
- Uma isikhathi sokufaka ikhodi singeyona into ebalulekile
Uhlala Nini ne-H.264
- Lapho ukuhambisana okuphezulu kwedivayisi nenkundla kuyadingeka
- Okwezimo zombhalo wekhodi bukhoma ezinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe zekhompuyutha
- Uma isivinini sombhalo wekhodi sibaluleke kakhulu kunosayizi wefayela
- Okuqukethwe okunokusabalalisa okulinganiselwe noma ukuphila okufushane
- Lapho uqondise amadivayisi amadala ngaphandle kokusheshisa ihadiwe kumakhodekhi amasha
I-Technical Deep Dive
Kulabo abathanda izindlela eziyisisekelo zamakhodekhi evidiyo esimanje, lesi sigaba sihlola izisekelo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha okuvumela ukuminyanisa okusebenzayo kuyilapho kugcinwa ikhwalithi yokubuka.
Izindlela Zokucindezela Ezibalulekile Kuma-Codec Anamuhla
Ukucindezelwa kwevidiyo kuncike kumasu amaningana ayisisekelo athuthuke kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ze-codec. Ukuqonda lezi zimiso ezibalulekile kusiza ukuchaza umehluko osebenzayo phakathi kwama-codec:
Ukucindezela Kwendawo (Intra-frame)
Wonke ama-codec esimanje aminyanisa amafreyimu angawodwana kusetshenziswa ukuguqula amakhodi, ngokuvamile anezinhlobonhlobo ze-Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Le nqubo iguqula idatha ye-pixel yendawo ibe ama-coefficients, okuvumela ulwazi olungabonakali kakhulu ukuthi lugcinwe ngamabhithi ambalwa.
- H.264 isebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwe-4×4 kanye ne-8×8 DCT
- H.265 inweba ibe yizinguquko ezinkulu (kufika ku-32×32) ukuze uthole ukucindezelwa okuphumelelayo kwezindawo ezinemininingwane
- VP9 isebenzisa ukuguqula kusuka ku-4×4 kuye ku-32×32
- I-AV1 yengeza ukuguqulwa okungezona isikwele futhi ingasebenzisa ukuguqula kufikela ku-64×64, okuvumela ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nokuqukethwe
Ukucindezela Kwesikhashana (I-Inter-frame)
Izinzuzo ezinkulu zokucindezela zivela ekusebenziseni ukufana phakathi kozimele abalandelanayo. Kunokugcina ifremu ngayinye ngokuphelele, ama-codec agcina ama-motion vectors kanye nomehluko oyinsalela:
- H.264 isebenzisa osayizi bebhulokhi abaguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-16×16 kwehle kuya ku-4×4 ukuze uthole isinxephezelo sokunyakaza
- H.265 yethula ukwahlukanisa okuguquguqukayo okune-Coding Tree Units (CTUs) kufika ku-64×64, engahlukaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kusakhiwo se-quadtree
- VP9 isekela uhlelo olufanayo lokuhlukanisa ibhulokhi “nama-superblocks” afika ku-64×64
- I-AV1 yengeza izinketho ezengeziwe zokuhlukanisa ezihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-asymmetric kanye nezindlela zokubikezela ezihlanganisiwe
Izindlela Zokubikezela
Izindlela zokuqagela ezithuthukile zisiza amakhodekhi ukuthi alindele okuqukethwe ngaphandle kokukugcina ngokusobala:
- Ukubikezela kwangaphakathi: Ibikezela amabhulokhi kusukela kumaphikseli angomakhelwane asevele ekhokhiwe ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo
- Ukubikezela okuphakathi: Ibikezela amabhlogo asuka kumafreyimu aqoshwe ngaphambilini
- Ukubikezela okukabili: Ibikezela kusetshenziswa kokubili ozimele abadlule nabazayo
Amakhodekhi amasha ethula izindlela zokuqagela eziyinkimbinkimbi, nge-AV1 enikeza izindlela zokubikezela zangaphakathi ezingu-56 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-H.264’s 9 kanye ne-HEVC’s 35.
I-Technical Insight: Izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kumakhodekhi esimanje ngokuvamile zivela ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlukanisa nokubikezela kunezimiso zokucindezelwa ezintsha. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuvumela amakhodekhi ukuthi azivumelanise kangcono nezinhlobo zokuqukethwe ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kuzigcawu ezinyakazayo kuya kungemuva elimile elinemininingwane emihle.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyiphi ikhodekhi yevidiyo ehambisana kakhulu emhlabeni wonke?
I-H.264 (AVC) isalokhu iyikhodekhi yevidiyo ehambisana kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, esekelwa cishe yizo zonke izisetshenziswa zesimanjemanje, iziphequluli, nezinkundla ezakhiwe eminyakeni engu-15+ edlule. Kuyinketho ephephile lapho okuqukethwe kwakho kudinga ukudlaleka yonke indawo ngaphandle kokudinga izinhlobo eziningi zefomethi.
Iyiphi i-codec enikeza isilinganiso esingcono kakhulu sosayizi nosayizi?
I-AV1 okwamanje inikeza ukusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa okungcono kakhulu (isilinganiso sekhwalithi nosayizi) phakathi kwamakhodekhi asetshenziswe ezentengiselwano, ifinyelela cishe ukucindezela okungcono okungu-30% kune-H.265/HEVC ne-VP9 ngekhwalithi efanayo yokubonwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuza ngezindleko zobunzima bokubhala ngekhodi obuphakeme kakhulu kanye nokusekelwa kwehadiwe okulinganiselwe. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisebenzayo, i-H.265/HEVC ne-VP9 zinikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu yokusebenza kahle nokusebenza.
Ngikhetha kanjani phakathi kwe-H.265/HEVC ne-VP9?
I-H.265/HEVC ne-VP9 zinikeza ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela okufanayo (cishe u-50% kangcono kune-H.264), kodwa kuhluke ekunikezeni amalayisense nokwesekwa kwe-ecosystem. Khetha i-H.265/HEVC uma uqondise kumadivayisi e-Apple, ama-smart TV, nokugeleza komsebenzi wevidiyo ochwepheshe lapho ukusheshisa kwehadiwe kubalulekile. Khetha i-VP9 yokuqukethwe okusekelwe kuwebhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-YouTube, futhi uma ukugwema izinkokhelo zelungelo lobunikazi kuyinto ehamba phambili. Izinkundla eziningi zokusakaza ezinkulu zihlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kuzo zombili izinhlobo ngokusakaza okuguquguqukayo.
Ingabe i-AV1 isilungele ukusetshenziswa okuvamile?
I-AV1 isilungele ukusetshenziswa ngendlela evamile ezimeni ezithile, nakuba ingakasebenzi emhlabeni wonke njenge-H.264. Izinsizakalo zokusakaza ezinkulu ezifana ne-YouTube, Netflix, ne-Facebook manje zisebenzisa i-AV1 kokuqukethwe okukhethiwe, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezikhawulelwe kumkhawulokudonsa. Ukusekelwa kwesiphequluli kuhle (i-Chrome, iFirefox, i-Edge), nokusekelwa kwehadiwe kuyanda kumadivayisi amasha. Kodwa-ke, ukubhala ngekhodi kuhlala kunamandla ngokwekhompiyutha, okuyenza ifaneleke kangcono okuqukethwe okuzobhalwa ngekhodi kanye kodwa kudlalwa izikhathi eziningi, noma ezimeni lapho ukonga komkhawulokudonsa kudlula izindleko zombhalo wekhodi.
Kuthiwani nge-YouTube? Iyiphi i-codec okufanele ngiyisebenzise ekulayisheni?
Ekulayishweni kwe-YouTube, gxila ekunikezeni ifayela lomthombo wekhwalithi ephezulu kunokulungisa kusengaphambili nge-codec ethile. I-YouTube idlulisa amakhodi konke okulayishiwe kube ngamafomethi amaningi (H.264, VP9, ​​futhi ngokwandayo i-AV1) ngezimo zokudlala ezahlukene. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, layisha ku-H.264 nge-bitrate ephezulu noma ama-ProRes uma etholakala. I-YouTube incoma ukuthi ugcine izinga lozimele nokulungiswa kwakho kufikela ku-8K, uvumele isistimu yabo iphathe ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene okudlala kanye nesivinini sokuxhuma.
Ingabe amakhodekhi evidiyo ahlukene athinta ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU/GPU ngesikhathi sokudlala?
Yebo, ngokuphawulekayo. Amakhodekhi amasha, asebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile adinga amandla amaningi okucubungula ukuze aqophe ngaphandle kwalapho ukusheshiswa kwehadiwe kutholakala. Ukukhipha amakhodi kwe-H.264 kusheshiswa ihadiwe cishe kuwo wonke amadivayisi esimanje, okuyenza isebenzise amandla kakhulu. I-H.265/HEVC ne-VP9 inosekelo oluhle kodwa hhayi oluvamile, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi amasha. Ukukhishwa kwekhodi kwehadiwe kwe-AV1 kusavela kodwa kuya ngokuya kutholakala kuma-GPU esizukulwane sakamuva namaphrosesa eselula. Ukuqoshwa kwesofthiwe yamakhodekhi athuthukile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yebhethri kumadivayisi eselula futhi kungase kubangele izinkinga zokusebenza kumakhompyutha amadala.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwekhodekhi nefomethi yesiqukathi?
Ikhodekhi (njenge-H.264, H.265, VP9) iyi-algorithm ecindezela futhi inciphise idatha yevidiyo, kuyilapho ifomethi yesiqukathi (njenge-MP4, MKV, WebM) iyisisonga esibamba ividiyo ecindezelweyo, umsindo, imibhalo engezansi, kanye nemethadatha ndawonye. Cabanga ngekhodekhi njengendlela yokupakisha okuqukethwe, kuyilapho isiqukathi siyibhokisi abapakishwe kulo. Isibonelo, isiqukathi se-MP4 singabamba ividiyo ebhalwe ngekhodi H.264 noma H.265, kanye nomsindo ngefomethi ye-AAC. Isiqukathi sinquma ukuhambisana nabadlali abathile nezinkundla, kuyilapho i-codec inquma ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela kanye nekhwalithi.
Kuthiwani nge-VVC/H.266 namanye amakhodekhi azayo?
I-Versatile Video Coding (VVC/H.266) iyikhodekhi yesizukulwane esilandelayo evela kumaqembu e-MPEG/ITU, ethembisa ukucindezela okungcono okungu-50% kune-HEVC/H.265. Ngenkathi izinga laqedwa ngo-2020, ukutholwa okusabalele kuzothatha iminyaka njengoba i-hardware ne-software yokusekelwa ithuthuka. Ngokufanayo, i-Alliance for Open Media isebenza ku-AV2, ozongena esikhundleni se-AV1. Lawa makhodekhi esizukulwane esilandelayo ngokuyinhloko aqondise ividiyo engu-8K, into engekho ngokoqobo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhawulelwe kakhulu kumkhawulokudonsa. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zamanje, ukugxila kumakhodekhi asetshenziswe ngokugcwele (H.264, HEVC, VP9, ​​kanye ne-AV1 ekhulayo) kuseyindlela esebenzayo.
Khetha Ikhodekhi Elungile Yezidingo Zakho Zevidiyo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usakaza okuqukethwe, ukhiqiza amavidiyo, noma uthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukukhetha i-codec efanelekile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi, ukuhambisana, nokusebenza kahle. Sebenzisa ukuqhathanisa kwethu okuphelele ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nesimo sakho sokusebenzisa okuthile.