I-Encyclopedia Yefomethi Yefayela ephelele

Umhlahlandlela ophelele wawo wonke amafomethi wefayela kuzo zonke izigaba ezihlukene kufaka phakathi amadokhumenti, izithombe, umsindo, ividiyo, nokuningi. Qonda ukuthi ungasebenzisa nini amafomethi athile ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.

450+ Amafomethi Efayela

15+ Izigaba

Ukuqhathanisa kwefomethi

Isiqondiso Sochwepheshe

Phequlula Amafomethi Amafayela Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Ifomethi

Izigaba Ezinkulu Zefomethi Yefayela

Amafomethi Amadokhumenti

Amafomethi efayela adizayinelwe amadokhumenti ombhalo, amaspredishithi, izethulo, namanye amafayela ahlobene nehhovisi agcina umbhalo ofomethiwe nedatha.

Amafomethi okucubungula amagama (DOCX, DOC, ODT, RTF)
Amafomethi wespredishithi (XLSX, XLS, ODS, CSV)
Amafomethi wephrezentheshini (PPTX, PPT, ODP)
Amafomethi aphathekayo (PDF, XPS, EPUB)

Amafomethi wesithombe

Amafomethi wefayela agcina izithombe zedijithali, okuhlanganisa i-raster (i-pixel-based) nezithombe ze-vector (ezisekelwe endleleni) ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa.

Amafomethi we-Raster (JPEG, PNG, GIF, WebP, TIFF)
Amafomethi weVector (SVG, AI, EPS, CDR)
Amafomethi wekhamera eluhlaza (CR2, NEF, ARW, DNG)
Amafomethi anezingqimba (PSD, XCF, PSB)

Amafomethi wevidiyo

Amafomethi wefayela aklanyelwe ukugcina izithombe ezihambayo, umsindo, nemethadatha ehlobene ukuze idlalwe kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene nezinkundla.

Amafomethi esiqukathi (MP4, MKV, AVI, WebM)
Amafomethi wevidiyo yewebhu (MP4, WebM, OGV)
Amafomethi ochwepheshe (ProRes, DNxHD, MXF)
Amafomethi wefa (WMV, FLV, 3GP)

Amafomethi Omsindo

Amafomethi wefayela agcina idatha yomsindo wedijithali, asekela amazinga ahlukene ekhwalithi, ukucindezela, kanye nemethadatha yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.

Amafomethi acindezelwe (MP3, AAC, OGG, WMA)
Amafomethi angalahleki (FLAC, ALAC, WAV, AIFF)
Amafomethi ochwepheshe (PCM, DSD, MQA)
Amafomethi ohlu lwadlalwayo (M3U, PLS, WPL)

Amafomethi wengobo yomlando

Amafomethi wefayela ahlanganisa amafayela amaningi namafolda esitsheni esisodwa, ngokuvamile ngokucindezelwa ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wefayela nezinketho zokubethela.

Izingobo zomlando ezivamile (ZIP, RAR, 7Z, TAR)
Izingobo zomlando eziqondene nengxenyekazi (CAB, DMG, PKG)
Amafomethi wesithombe sediski (ISO, IMG, BIN)
Izingobo zomlando ezikhethekile (PAR, SFX, UUE)

Amafomethi wesizindalwazi

Amafomethi wefayela asetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha ehlelekile kuzinqolobane zolwazi, kusukela kusizindalwazi esilula sedeskithophu kuya ezinhlelweni zesizindalwazi ezisezingeni lebhizinisi.

Imininingwane yedeskithophu (MDB, ACCDB, SQLite)
Amafayela esizindalwazi seseva (MDF, NDF, DBF)
Amafomethi ekhophi yasenqolobaneni (BAK, DMP, SQL)
Amafomethi okushintshanisa idatha (XML, JSON, CSV)

Amafomethi Efayela Ledokhumenti

Amafomethi Okucubungula Amagama

Amafomethi okucubungula amagama aklanyelwe ukugcina amadokhumenti ombhalo ngokufometha, izithombe, amathebula, nezinye izici. Lawa mafomethi ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izinhlamvu, imibiko, izindatshana, izincwadi, nokunye okuqukethwe okusekelwe emibhalweni.

.DOCX Microsoft

Ifomethi ye-Microsoft Word Open XML Document, eyethulwe nge-Word 2007. Isebenzisa ukucindezelwa kwe-ZIP ne-XML ukuze igcine okuqukethwe kwedokhumenti, okuholela kumasayizi amafayili amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nefomethi ye-DOC endala.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
Ukuminyanisa: ZIP
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukwakhiwa kwamadokhumenti ajwayelekile, imibhalo yebhizinisi, ukuhambisana ne-Microsoft Office

.DOC Ifa

Ifomethi yefa le-Microsoft Word Document esetshenziswe ngaphambi kwe-Office 2007. Ifomethi kanambambili yokuphathelene egcina umbhalo ofomethiwe, izithombe, nezinye izici zedokhumenti.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/msword
Ukuminyanisa: I-Binary yobunikazi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhambisana okusemuva nezinguqulo ezindala ze-Word namanye ama-word processors

.ODT Vula Okujwayelekile

Ifomethi ye-OpenDocument Text Document, indinganiso evulekile yamadokhumenti okucubungula amagama. Kuyifomethi ezenzakalelayo yoMlobi we-LibreOffice kanye namanye amasudi ehhovisi anomthombo ovulekile.

Unjiniyela: I-OASIS Vula Ifomethi Yedokhumenti Yezicelo Zehhovisi
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
Ukuminyanisa: ZIP
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukwabelana ngamadokhumenti ezingxenyekazi ezihlukene, ukugcinwa kwengobo yomlando yesikhathi eside, izindawo ezinomthombo ovulekile

.RTF Universal

I-Rich Text Format, ifomethi yefayela lombhalo wenkundla ehlukahlukene egcina ukufometha kombhalo. Isekelwa cishe yiwo wonke ama-word processors futhi igcina izakhi zokufometha eziyisisekelo.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/rtf
Ukuminyanisa: Akukho (umbhalo ongenalutho onamakhodi okulawula)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Amadokhumenti afomethiwe ayisisekelo ahambisana kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkundla

Amafomethi Wespredishithi

Amafomethi wespredishithi agcina idatha yethebula ehlelwe ngemigqa namakholomu, kanye namafomula, imisebenzi, namashadi. Lawa mafomethi asetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwezimali, ukuhlela idatha, izibalo, nokubonwayo.

.XLSX Microsoft

Ifomethi ye-Microsoft Excel Open XML Spreadsheet, eyethulwe ku-Excel 2007. Isebenzisa ukucindezela kwe-ZIP ne-XML, okuvumela amaspredishithi amakhulu anemigqa namakholomu amaningi kunefomethi ye-XLS endala.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
Imigqa Enkulu: 1,048,576
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhlaziywa kwezimali, ukuphathwa kwedatha, izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi

.XLS Ifa

Ifomethi yeSipredishithi ye-Microsoft Excel eyifa esetshenziswe ngaphambi kwe-Excel 2007. Ifomethi kanambambili enemikhawulo kusayizi wespredishithi kanye nenani lemisebenzi uma liqhathaniswa namafomethi amasha.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.ms-excel
Imigqa Enkulu: 65,536
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhambisana nezinguqulo ezindala ze-Excel namasistimu

.ODS Vula Okujwayelekile

Ifomethi ye-OpenDocument Spreadsheet, indinganiso evuliwe yamadokhumenti esipredishithi. Kuyifomethi ezenzakalelayo ye-LibreOffice Calc nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesipredishithi esivulekile.

Unjiniyela: Ifomethi ye-OASIS OpenDocument
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
Isakhiwo: Ingobo yomlando ye-ZIP equkethe amafayela e-XML
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Amaspredishithi enkundla-ehlukene, izindawo ezinomthombo ovulekile

.CSV Universal

Ifomethi Yamanani Ahlukaniswe Ngokhefana, ifomethi yombhalo elula egcina idatha yethebula. Umugqa ngamunye umele umugqa, futhi amanani ahlukaniswa ngokhefana noma ezinye imingcele.

Uhlobo: Umbhalo Ongenalutho
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umbhalo/csv
Imikhawulo: Akukho ukufometha, amafomula, noma amashidi amaningi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene, isitoreji sedatha esilula

Amafomethi Esethulo

Amafomethi wesethulo agcina imibukiso yesilayidi enombhalo, izithombe, izithombe ezinyakazayo, nezinto zemultimedia. Lawa mafomethi asetshenziselwa ukudala izethulo zemihlangano yebhizinisi, izinkomfa, imfundo, nokunye okuqukethwe.

.PPTX Microsoft

Ifomethi ye-Microsoft PowerPoint Open XML Presentation, eyethulwe nge-PowerPoint 2007. Isebenzisa ukucindezela kwe-ZIP ne-XML ukuze igcine amaslayidi, izakhiwo, ukugqwayiza, nezinye izici zokwethulwa.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
Izici: Opopayi, izinguquko, multimedia
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izethulo zebhizinisi, okuqukethwe kwezemfundo, imibukiso yesilayidi ye-multimedia ecebile

.PPT Ifa

Ifomethi ye-Legacy ye-Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation esetshenziswe ngaphambi kwe-PowerPoint 2007. Ifomethi kanambambili egcina amaslayidi, ihluzo, nokugqwayiza ukuze kwenziwe izethulo.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
Imikhawulo: Usayizi wefayela, izici ezimbalwa kune-PPTX
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ihambisana nezinguqulo ezindala ze-PowerPoint

.ODP Vula Okujwayelekile

Ifomethi ye-OpenDocument Presentation, indinganiso evulekile yemibhalo yesethulo. Kuyifomethi ezenzakalelayo ye-LibreOffice Impress kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwethulwa komthombo ovulekile.

Unjiniyela: Ifomethi ye-OASIS OpenDocument
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
Isakhiwo: Ingobo yomlando ye-ZIP equkethe amafayela e-XML
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izethulo ze-cross-platform, izindawo ezinomthombo ovulekile

.UKHIYE I-apula

Ifomethi ye-Apple Keynote Presentation, ifomethi yomdabu yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Apple’s Keynote. Inikeza izici ezithuthukisiwe zokugqwayiza nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile neminye imikhiqizo ye-Apple.

Unjiniyela: I-Apple Inc.
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.apple.keynote
Inkundla: macOS, iOS, iCloud
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izethulo ezigxile kumklamo, abasebenzisi be-Apple ecosystem

Amafomethi Amadokhumenti Aphathekayo

Amafomethi amadokhumenti aphathekayo aklanyelwe ukugcina ukubukeka okufanayo kuzo zonke izinkundla namadivayisi ahlukene. Lawa mafomethi alondoloza isakhiwo, amafonti, izithombe, nezinye izici njengoba nje kuhloswe umdali.

.PDF Okujwayelekile

Ifomethi Yedokhumenti Ephathekayo, eyenzelwe ukwethula amadokhumenti ngokungaguquki kuwo wonke amapulatifomu. I-PDF igcina ukufometha kwedokhumenti, ihluzo, kanye nesakhiwo ngokunganaki uhlelo lokusebenza noma isistimu yokusebenza esetshenziselwa ukuyibuka.

Unjiniyela: I-Adobe Systems (manje eyejwayelekile ye-ISO)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/pdf
Izici: Amafomu, amasiginesha edijithali, ukubethela
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusatshalaliswa kwamadokhumenti, ukugcinwa kwengobo yomlando, amafomu, imibhalo yezomthetho

.XPS Microsoft

I-XML Paper Specification, enye indlela yeMicrosoft ku-PDF. Ukucaciswa okuvulekile kolimi lwencazelo yekhasi kanye nefomethi yedokhumenti engashintshi, esekelwe ku-XML.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/oxps, isicelo/vnd.ms-xpsdocument
Isakhiwo: Ingobo yomlando ye-ZIP equkethe i-XML, izinsiza
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukwabelana ngamadokhumenti e-Windows, amasistimu wokuphrinta

.EPUB I-eBook

Ifomethi yokushicilelwa kwe-elekthronikhi, indinganiso evulekile yezincwadi ze-e-book ethuthukiswe yi-International Digital Publishing Forum. Ivumela okuqukethwe okugaywa kabusha ukuzivumelanisa nosayizi abahlukahlukene besikrini.

Unjiniyela: Inkundla Yokushicilela Yedijithali Yamazwe Ngamazwe (IDPF)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/epub+zip
Izici: Umbhalo ogeleza kabusha, amafonti ashumekiwe, izithombe
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izincwadi ze-E, ukushicilelwa kwedijithali, okuqukethwe okugaywa kabusha

.MOBI I-eBook

Ifomethi ye-eBook ye-MobiPocket, yenzelwe i-MobiPocket Reader futhi kamuva yasetshenziswa ama-e-readers e-Amazon Kindle. Isekela amabhukumaka, amanothi, nezilungiso.

Unjiniyela: I-MobiPocket (Amazon)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/x-mobipocket-ebook
Imikhawulo: Izinketho zokufometha ezincane kune-EPUB
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: I-Amazon Kindle ecosystem, abafundi be-e abadala

Amafomethi Efayela Lesithombe

Amafomethi wesithombe se-Raster

Amafomethi ezithombe ze-Raster agcina idatha yesithombe njengegridi yamaphikseli angawodwana. Iphikseli ngalinye liqukethe ulwazi lombala, futhi ikhwalithi yezithombe ze-raster incike ekulungisweni kwazo nasekujuleni kancane.

.JPEG / .JPG Icindezelwe

Ifomethi yeQembu Lochwepheshe Bezithombe Ezihlangene, ifomethi yokucindezela elahlekile yezithombe zedijithali. I-JPEG icindezela idatha yesithombe ngokulahla ulwazi oluthile, iyenze ilungele izithombe nezithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu Elihlangene Lochwepheshe Bezithombe
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/jpeg
Ukuminyanisa: Ilahlekile (ikhwalithi elungisekayo)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izithombe, izithombe zewebhu, ama-gradients ombala ayinkimbinkimbi

.PNG Ayinakulahlekelwa

Ifomethi ye-Portable Network Graphics, ifomethi yokucindezela engalahleki esekela ukubonakala. I-PNG idalwe njengendlela ethuthukisiwe, engenalungelo lobunikazi esikhundleni se-GIF.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu le-PNG Development
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/png
Izici: Ukukhanya kwe-Alpha, ukucindezelwa okungalahleki
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ihluzo zewebhu, amalogo, izithombe ezinokukhanyela

.GIF Opopayi

I-Graphics Interchange Format, ifomethi yesithombe se-bitmap esekela ukugqwayiza futhi isebenzisa iphalethi efika kwemibala engu-256. I-GIF isebenzisa ukucindezela okungalahleki futhi isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukugqwayiza okulula.

Unjiniyela: I-CompuServe
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/gif
Imikhawulo: Imibala engu-256 uhlaka ngalunye
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Opopayi abalula, izithonjana, ihluzo ezinemibala embalwa

.WebP Okwesimanje

Ifomethi Yesithombe Sewebhu, ithuthukiswe i-Google njengokungena esikhundleni se-JPEG, PNG, ne-GIF. Inikeza ukucindezelwa okuphezulu okungalahleki nokulahlekelwa kwezithombe zewebhu futhi isekela ukugqwayiza nokungafihli.

Unjiniyela: Google
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/iwebhu
Ukuminyanisa: Kokubili izinketho ezilahlekile nezingalahleki
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izithombe zewebhu, osayizi bamafayela amancane ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi

.TIFF / .TIF Uchwepheshe

Ifomethi yefayela elimakiwe, ifomethi yesithombe se-raster eguqukayo evame ukusetshenziswa ekushicileleni, ekuthwebuleni, nasekuphrinteni okuphrofeshinali. Isekela izikhala zemibala eminingi nezindlela zokucindezela.

Unjiniyela: I-Aldus Corporation (manje eyi-Adobe)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/tiff
Izici: Izendlalelo, amakhasi amaningi, izinketho zokucindezela ezihlukahlukene
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuthwebula izithombe okuphrofeshinali, ukuphrinta ukushicilelwa, ukugcinwa kwengobo yomlando

.BMP Okuyisisekelo

Ifomethi yefayela lesithombe se-Bitmap, ifomethi elula yezithombe ze-raster esetshenziswa uhlelo olusebenzayo lweWindows. Igcina iphikseli yedatha yesithombe ngephikseli ngaphandle kokucindezelwa ezimweni eziningi.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/bmp
Ukuminyanisa: Akukho noma i-RLE (akuvamile ukusetshenziswa)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ihluzo ezilula, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows, ukuhambisana

Amafomethi wesithombe seVector

Amafomethi ezithombe zeVector agcina idatha yesithombe njengamafomula ezibalo esikhundleni samaphikseli. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe zevekhtha ukuthi zilinganiswe kunoma imuphi usayizi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi, okuzenza zilungele amalogo, izithonjana, nemifanekiso.

.SVG I-Web Standard

Ifomethi ye-Scalable Vector Graphics, ifomethi yesithombe sevekhtha esekwe ku-XML yewebhu. I-SVG ichaza izithombe ngefomethi ye-XML, ezivumela ukuthi ziseshwe, zifakwe kunkomba, zibhalwe phansi, futhi zicindezelwe.

Unjiniyela: I-World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/svg+xml
Izici: Ukugqwayiza, ukusebenzisana nge-CSS ne-JavaScript
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ihluzo zewebhu, idizayini ephendulayo, izithonjana, ukugqwayiza

.AI I-Adobe

Ifomethi ye-Adobe Illustrator Artwork, ifomethi yefayela yomdabu esetshenziswa i-Adobe Illustrator. Kuyifomethi yobunikazi yokudala nokugcina izithombe zevekhtha ezinezici ezithuthukile.

Unjiniyela: I-Adobe Systems
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/postscript
Ngokusekelwe kokuthi: PDF (kusukela ku-Illustrator 9)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Idizayini yobungcweti bezithombe, amalogo, imidwebo

.EPS Ukushicilela

Ifomethi ye-PostScript ehlanganisiwe, ifomethi yefayela yezithombe esekelwe olimini lwe-PostScript. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphrinteni nasekushicileleni ukuhamba komsebenzi.

Unjiniyela: I-Adobe Systems
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/postscript
Izici: Buka kuqala isithombe, ikhodi ye-PostScript, ukuhambisana okubanzi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuphrinta okuphrofeshinali, ukuhambisana kohlelo lokusebenza

.CDR I-CorelDRAW

Ifomethi ye-CorelDRAW, ifomethi yefayela yomdabu ye-CorelDRAW Graphics Suite. Ifomethi yezithombe zevekhtha ephathelene nokusekelwa kwamakhasi amaningi nezendlalelo.

Unjiniyela: Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Corel Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/x-cdr
Izici: Amakhasi amaningi, izendlalelo, imiphumela
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Idizayini yobungcweti ku-CorelDRAW ecosystem

I-Photoshop kanye namafomethi wesithombe esinezingqimba

Amafomethi ezithombe anezendlalelo asekela izendlalelo eziningi zedatha yezithombe, okuvumela ukuqanjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlela okungabhubhi. Lawa mafomethi asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekuhlelweni kwezithombe okuphrofeshinali nakumklamo wezithombe.

.PSD I-Adobe

Ifomethi ye-Photoshop Document, ifomethi yefayela yomdabu ye-Adobe Photoshop. Ilondoloza zonke izendlalelo, imaski, umbhalo, nezinye izici zokuhlela ukuze ziqhubeke nokuhlela.

Unjiniyela: I-Adobe Systems
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/vnd.adobe.photoshop
Izici: Izendlalelo, imaski, izendlalelo zokulungisa, izinto ezihlakaniphile
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhlela isithombe okuphrofeshinali, ukwakheka kwezithombe, ukuhlanganisa

.XCF I-GIMP

Ifomethi ye-eExperimental Computing Facility, ifomethi yefayela yomdabu yomhleli wesithombe se-GIMP. Igcina izendlalelo, iziteshi, izindlela, nolunye ulwazi lokuhlela.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu le-GIMP
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/x-xcf
Izici: Izendlalelo, iziteshi, izindlela, obala
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhlelwa kwesithombe ku-GIMP, ukugeleza kokusebenza komthombo ovulekile

.KRA I-Krita

Ifomethi ye-Krita Document, ifomethi yefayela yomdabu yohlelo lokusebenza lomdwebo wedijithali we-Krita. Igcina izendlalelo, imaski, izihlungi, nezinto ze-vector.

Unjiniyela: I-Krita Foundation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-krita
Izici: Amaqembu ezendlalelo, izendlalelo ze-vector, imaski yokuhlunga
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Umdwebo wedijithali, umdwebo, ukudalwa kokuthungwa

Ikhamera Amafomethi Aluhlaza

Amafomethi wekhamera eluhlaza aqukethe idatha ecutshungulwe kancane evela kunzwa yesithombe yekhamera yedijithali. Lawa mafomethi agcina yonke idatha yesithombe sokuqala, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekucutshungulweni kwangemuva.

.RAW Okujwayelekile

Itemu elijwayelekile lamafomethi ahlukahlukene ezithombe ezisuka kumakhamera edijithali. Umkhiqizi ngamunye wekhamera ngokuvamile unefomethi yawo eluhlaza yobunikazi.

Unjiniyela: Abakhiqizi bekhamera abahlukahlukene
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/i-x-raw
Izici: Idatha yenzwa engacutshunguliwe, ukujula kwebhithi eligcwele
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuthwebula izithombe kochwepheshe, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kokuhlela

.DNG I-Adobe

Ifomethi ye-Digital Negative, ifomethi yesithombe eluhlaza evuliwe ethuthukiswe yi-Adobe. Yakhelwe ukunikeza ifomethi evamile yamafayela aluhlaza ekhamera avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene.

Unjiniyela: I-Adobe Systems
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/x-adobe-dng
Izici: Imethadatha esezingeni, ukuhlola kuqala okushunyekiwe
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukufakwa kungobo yomlando kwesikhathi eside kwezithombe ezingavuthiwe, ukuhambisana kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene

.CR2/CR3 ICanon

Amafomethi we-Canon Raw version 2/3, amafomethi wesithombe sobunikazi asetshenziswa amakhamera edijithali eCanon. Aqukethe idatha yesithombe engacutshunguliwe ngqo kusuka kunzwa yekhamera.

Unjiniyela: Inkampani Canon Inc.
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/x-canon-cr2, image/x-canon-cr3
Ngokusekelwe kokuthi: I-TIFF (CR2), Ifomethi yefayela le-ISO Base Media File (CR3)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuthwebula izithombe okuchwepheshile ngamakhamera eCanon

.NEF Nikon

Ifomethi ye-Nikon Electronic, ifomethi yokuphathelene nesithombe eluhlaza esetshenziswa amakhamera edijithali e-Nikon. Iqukethe idatha engacutshunguliwe evela kunzwa yesithombe sekhamera.

Unjiniyela: Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Nikon Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isithombe/x-nikon-nef
Ngokusekelwe kokuthi: I-TIFF/EP ejwayelekile
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuthwebula izithombe okuphrofeshinali ngamakhamera we-Nikon

Amafomethi Efayela Levidiyo

Amafomethi Wesitsha Sevidiyo Ejwayelekile

Amafomethi esiqukathi sevidiyo ahlanganisa idatha yevidiyo, amathrekhi omsindo, imibhalo engezansi, kanye nemethadatha efayeleni elilodwa. Iziqukathi ezihlukene zisekela ama-codec ahlukahlukene nezici zamacala okusetshenziswa ahlukene.

.MP4 Universal

Ifomethi yesiqukathi se-MPEG-4 Ingxenye 14, enye yamafomethi evidiyo asekelwa kakhulu. Ingaqukatha ividiyo, umsindo, imibhalo engezansi, nenye imethadatha futhi iyahambisana namadivayisi amaningi.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu Lochwepheshe Bezithombe Ezinyakazayo (ISO/IEC)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/mp4
Ama-Codecs Ajwayelekile: H.264, H.265 (ividiyo), i-AAC (umsindo)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Amavidiyo ewebhu, amadivaysi eselula, ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile

.MKV Okuhlukahlukene

Ifomethi yesiqukathi Sevidiyo ye-Matroska, indinganiso evulekile, ifomethi yesiqukathi evumelana nezimo ezingabamba inombolo engenamkhawulo yevidiyo, umsindo, isithombe, noma amathrekhi ombhalo ongezansi efayeleni elilodwa.

Unjiniyela: Ithimba lephrojekthi ye-Matroska
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/x-matroska
Izici: Amathrekhi omsindo amaningi, imibhalo engezansi, izahluko
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Isitoreji sevidiyo sekhwalithi ephezulu, amathrekhi amaningi omsindo/imibhalo engezansi

.AVI Ifa

Ifomethi ye-Audio Video Interleave, ithuthukiswe ngabakwaMicrosoft. Kuyifomethi yesiqukathi esingaqukatha kokubili idatha yomsindo nevidiyo esitsheni sefayela esivumela ukudlalwa komsindo nevidiyo okuvumelanisa.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/x-msvideo
Imikhawulo: Ukwesekwa kwemethadatha okulinganiselwe, ukulinganiselwa kosayizi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhambisana namasistimu amadala, isitoreji sevidiyo esilula

.MOV I-apula

Ifomethi ye-QuickTime Movie, ithuthukiswe ngabakwa-Apple. Kuyifomethi yesiqukathi esingaqukatha ividiyo, umsindo, imithelela, nokuqukethwe okusebenzisanayo, okusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-ecosystem ye-Apple.

Unjiniyela: I-Apple Inc.
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/isikhathi esisheshayo
Izici: Izahluko, i-timecode, okuqukethwe kwe-3D
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: I-Apple ecosystem, ukuhlela ividiyo okuphrofeshinali

.WebM Iwebhu

Ifomethi ye-Web Media, ifomethi yefayela lemidiya evulekile, engenamali edizayinelwe iwebhu. Kuyisethi engaphansi yefomethi yesiqukathi se-Matroska enevidiyo ye-VP8/VP9 namakhodekhi omsindo we-Vorbis/Opus.

Unjiniyela: Google
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/iwebhu
Amakhodekhi: I-VP8, VP9, AV1 (ividiyo), i-Vorbis, i-Opus (umsindo)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ividiyo yewebhu, ukudlalwa kwevidiyo ye-HTML5, ukusakaza

.TS Sakaza

Ifomethi ye-MPEG Transport Stream, eyenzelwe ukusakaza ividiyo yedijithali nomsindo. Isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umsindo, ividiyo, nedatha ngemidiya engathembekile.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu Lochwepheshe Bezithombe Ezinyakazayo (ISO/IEC)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/mp2t
Izici: Ukulungiswa kwephutha, amandla okusakaza
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusakaza kwe-TV yedijithali, ukusakaza, ama-DVD

Amafomethi wevidiyo ochwepheshe

Amafomethi wevidiyo ochwepheshe aklanyelwe ukukhiqizwa kwevidiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuhlela, nokusabalalisa. Lawa mafomethi ngokuvamile abeka phambili ikhwalithi kunosayizi wefayela futhi asekela izici ezithuthukile.

.MXF Sakaza

Ifomethi Yokushintshana Okubalulekile, ifomethi yesiqukathi sevidiyo yedijithali yochwepheshe nokuqukethwe komsindo. Idizayinelwe ukushintshana kokulalelwayo nokubukwayo nedatha ehlobene nemethadatha.

Unjiniyela: I-Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/mxf
Izici: Imethadatha enothile, amaphethini okusebenza amaningi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Imboni yokusakaza, ukukhiqizwa kwevidiyo okuphrofeshinali

.DNxHR/DNxHD Avid

I-Digital Nonlinear Extensible High Resolution/High Definition, ikhodekhi yevidiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu ethuthukiswe yi-Avid Technology yokuxazulula okuningi, ukugeleza kokusebenza kwe-HD ecindezelwe.

Unjiniyela: I-Avid Technology
Isitsha: MXF, MOV
Amazinga Ekhwalithi: LB, SQ, HQ, HQX, 444
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhlela ividiyo okuphrofeshinali, i-Avid Media Composer

.ProRes I-apula

I-Apple ProRes, umndeni wamakhodekhi evidiyo asezingeni eliphezulu, angalahleki athuthukiswe yi-Apple ukuze aqhubeke nokuhamba komsebenzi ngemuva kokukhiqiza. Inikeza amaleveli ekhwalithi ahlukahlukene ezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa.

Unjiniyela: I-Apple Inc.
Isitsha: MOV, MXF
Okuhlukile: 422 Ummeleli, 422 LT, 422, 422 HQ, 4444, 4444 XQ
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuhlela ividiyo okuphrofeshinali, i-Apple Final Cut Pro

.BRAW I-Blackmagic

I-Blackmagic RAW, ifomethi yevidiyo eluhlaza ecindezelwe eyenziwe yiBlackmagic Design. Ihlanganisa ukuguquguquka kokucubungula okungavuthiwe nokusebenza kwamafomethi evidiyo acindezelwe endabuko.

Unjiniyela: I-Blackmagic Design
Ukuminyanisa: Ikhwalithi Eqhubekayo noma I-Bitrate Eqhubekayo
Izilungiselelo Zekhwalithi: 3:1, 5:1, 8:1, 12:1, Q0, Q1, Q3, Q5
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukwenza amafilimu ochwepheshe, amakhamera we-Blackmagic

Amafomethi Efayela Lomsindo

Amafomethi Omsindo Acindezelwe

Amafomethi omsindo acindezelwe asebenzisa ama-algorithms ahlukahlukene ukuze anciphise usayizi wefayela kuyilapho egcina ikhwalithi yomsindo eyamukelekayo. Lawa mafomethi ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa komculo, ukusakaza, namadivayisi aphathekayo.

.MP3 Okuvamile

I-MPEG-1 Audio Layer III, ifomethi yokuminyanisa yomsindo elahlekile eklanyelwe ukunciphisa usayizi wefayela kuyilapho igcina ikhwalithi yomsindo enengqondo. Kwaba indinganiso yokusatshalaliswa komculo nokudlalwa.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu Lochwepheshe Bezithombe Ezinyakazayo
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: okulalelwayo/mpeg
Izilinganiso Zebhithi: 8-320 kbps, VBR, CBR
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusabalalisa umculo, izinto eziphathwayo, ukulalela okuvamile

.AAC Okwesimanje

I-Advanced Audio Coding, ifomethi yokuminyanisa yomsindo elahlekile eklanyelwe ukuba ilandele i-MP3. Ngokuvamile ifinyelela ikhwalithi yomsindo engcono kune-MP3 ngenani elincane elifanayo.

Unjiniyela: Iqembu Lochwepheshe Bezithombe Ezinyakazayo
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umsindo/aac
Izici: Ukusekelwa kweziteshi eziningi, ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela okungcono
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusakaza okulalelwayo kwedijithali, ukusakaza, i-Apple ecosystem

.OGG Vula

I-Ogg Vorbis, ifomethi yekhodi yomsindo yamahhala nemithombo evulekile nesiqukathi. Inikeza ukucindezelwa komsindo okusebenzayo ngenkathi ihlezi ingenayo i-patent futhi ivuliwe.

Unjiniyela: I-Xiph.Org Foundation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umsindo/ogg
Amakhodekhi: I-Vorbis (evamile), i-Opus, i-FLAC
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile, amageyimu, umsindo wewebhu

.WMA Microsoft

I-Windows Media Audio, ifomethi yefayela elilalelwayo elicindezelweyo elakhiwe yi-Microsoft. Iza ngokuhlukahluka okuningana kumacala okusetshenziswa ahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela okungalahleki.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umsindo/x-ms-wma
Okuhlukile: I-WMA Standard, Pro, Lossless, Voice
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: I-Windows ecosystem, ukuhambisana nemikhiqizo ye-Microsoft

Amafomethi omsindo angalahleki

Amafomethi omsindo angalahleki acindezela idatha yomsindo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi. Lawa mafomethi alungele ama-audiophiles, ukufakwa kungobo yomlando komculo, nokukhiqizwa komsindo okuphrofeshinali.

.FLAC Ayinakulahlekelwa

I-Lossless Audio Codec yamahhala, ifomethi yokucindezelwa komsindo engalahleki enomthombo ovulekile. Yehlisa usayizi wefayela ngo-40-50% kuyilapho igcina ikhwalithi yomsindo engaphelele uma iqhathaniswa nomsindo ongacindezelwanga.

Unjiniyela: I-Xiph.Org Foundation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umsindo/flac
Ukuminyanisa: Ayilahleki, incane ngo-30-50% kune-WAV
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukulalela i-Audiophile, ukufakwa kungobo yomlando komculo, umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu

.ALAC I-apula

I-Apple Lossless Audio Codec, ifomethi yokucindezelwa komsindo engalahleki eyakhiwe yi-Apple. Ihlinzeka ngomsindo wekhwalithi ye-CD cishe engxenyeni yesikhala somsindo ongacindezelwanga.

Unjiniyela: I-Apple Inc.
Isitsha: I-M4A
Ukuminyanisa: I-Lossless, efana ne-FLAC
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Apple ecosystem, iTunes, iOS amadivayisi

.WAV Okungacindezelwanga

Ifomethi yefayela lomsindo we-Waveform, ifomethi yefayela lomsindo elijwayelekile elakhiwe yi-Microsoft ne-IBM. Ngokuvamile iqukethe umsindo we-PCM ongacindezelwanga, okuholela kumasayizi amakhulu wamafayela kodwa ikhwalithi ephelele.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft ne-IBM
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umsindo/wav
Usayizi: 10 MB ngomzuzu (ikhwalithi ye-CD)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuqoshwa komsindo, ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe

.AIFF I-apula

I-Audio Interchange File Format, ifomethi yefayela lomsindo engacindezelwanga eyakhiwe i-Apple. Ngokufanayo ne-WAV, inikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo ephelele kodwa enosayizi bamafayela amakhulu.

Unjiniyela: I-Apple Inc.
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: okulalelwayo/aif
Usayizi: Ifana ne-WAV (10 MB/ngomzuzu)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Umsindo ochwepheshe ezindaweni ze-Mac

Amafomethi Omsindo Ochwepheshe

Amafomethi omsindo ochwepheshe adizayinelwe ukukhiqizwa komsindo oseqophelweni eliphezulu, ukwenza kahle, nokugcinwa kungobo yomlando. Lawa mafomethi anikezela ngekhwalithi ephezulu, ukwesekwa kweziteshi eziningi, nezici ezikhethekile.

.DSD I-Audiophile

I-Direct Stream Digital, ifomethi yomsindo enokulungiswa okuphezulu esetshenziselwa ama-Super Audio CD (SACD). Isebenzisa indlela ehlukile yomsindo wedijithali kune-PCM, isebenzisa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lesampula lamavelu ebhithi eyodwa.

Unjiniyela: U-Sony noPhilips
Isilinganiso Sesampula: 2.8224 MHz, 5.6448 MHz (DSD128)
Ukujula Kancane: I-1-bit (i-pulse density modulation)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukuqoshwa kwe-Audiophile, ukuphumelela kwe-SACD

.BWF Sakaza

Ifomethi ye-Broadcast Wave, isandiso sefomethi ye-WAV ehlanganisa imethadatha eyengeziwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngochwepheshe ekusakazeni nasekukhiqizeni umsindo.

Unjiniyela: I-European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
Ngokusekelwe kokuthi: Ifomethi ye-WAV
Izici: Ikhodi yesikhathi, incazelo, ulwazi lomsunguli
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusakaza, ukukhiqizwa komsindo okuphrofeshinali

.PCM Okuluhlaza

I-Pulse Code Modulation, indlela esetshenziselwa ukumela amasiginali we-analog ayisampula. Amafayela e-PCM aqukethe idatha yomsindo engaphekiwe ngaphandle kwezihloko noma imethadatha.

Uhlobo: Ifomethi yedatha yomsindo ongahluziwe
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umsindo/L16 (ye-16-bit PCM)
Imikhawulo: Ayikho imethadatha, idinga isilinganiso sesampula/imininingwane yokujula kwebhithi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Imishini yokulalelwayo yobungcweti, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile

Ingobo yomlando kanye namafomethi okucindezela

Amafomethi Engobo Yomlando Avamile

Amafomethi wengobo yomlando ahlanganisa amafayela amaningi namafolda abe ifayela lesiqukathi esisodwa, ngokuvamile ngokucindezelwa ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wefayela. Lawa mafomethi asetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kwefayela, ukwenza isipele, nokugcinwa.

.ZIP Universal

Ifomethi yengobo yomlando ye-ZIP, ukuminyanisa okusekelwa kakhulu nefomethi yengobo yomlando. Ingaqukatha amafayela namafolda amaningi anombhalo oyimfihlo ozikhethela wona.

Unjiniyela: I-PKWARE, Inc.
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/zip
Izici: Ukuvikelwa kwephasiwedi, inketho yokucindezela okuqinile
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukufakwa kungobo yomlando kwenhloso evamile, ukuhambisana kwenkundla ehlukene

.RAR Ubunikazi

Ifomethi ye-Roshal Archive, ifomethi yengobo yomlando yokuphathelene nokucindezelwa okuqinile, ukutholwa kwephutha, namandla okuhlanganisa amafayela. Ngokuvamile ifinyelela izilinganiso zokucindezela ezingcono kune-ZIP.

Unjiniyela: Eugene Roshal
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.rar
Izici: Ukubethela okuqinile, amarekhodi okuthola kabusha, ukunwetshwa kwevolumu
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izidingo zokucindezela okuphezulu, izingobo zomlando ezinezingxenye eziningi

.7Z Okuthuthukile

Ifomethi ye-7-Zip, ifomethi yengobo yomlando yomthombo ovulekile enesilinganiso sokuminyanisa esiphezulu. Isekela izindlela zokucindezela eziningi kanye nokubethela okuqinile kwe-AES-256.

Unjiniyela: Igor Pavlov
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/x-7z-cindezelwe
Ukuminyanisa: LZMA, LZMA2, PPMd, BZip2
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukucindezela okukhulu, izingobo zomlando ezinkulu

.TAR Unix

Ifomethi ye-Tape Archive, ekuqaleni eyenzelwe isipele se-tape. I-TAR ngokwayo ayinikezi ukucindezela kodwa ivame ukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi okucindezela afana ne-gzip noma i-bzip2.

Umsuka: Amasistimu we-Unix/Linux
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-tar
Izandiso Ezivamile: .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izinhlelo ze-Unix/Linux, ezigcina izimvume zefayela

Amafomethi wesithombe sediski

Amafomethi wesithombe sediski agcina amakhophi aphelele amadiski noma izingxenye zediski, okuhlanganisa yonke idatha nolwazi lwesakhiwo. Lawa mafomethi asetshenziselwa izipele, ukusatshalaliswa kwesofthiwe, kanye nokutholwa kwesistimu.

.ISO Okujwayelekile

Ifomethi yesithombe se-ISO, ifomethi yesithombe sediski equkethe ikhophi ephelele ye-CD, iDVD, noma i-Blu-ray disc. I-ISO isuselwe kuhlelo lwefayela le-ISO 9660 olujwayelekile lwama-optical discs.

Okujwayelekile: ISO9660
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-iso9660-isithombe
Izici: I-Cross-platform, i-bootable disc support
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusatshalaliswa kwesoftware, ukufakwa kwesistimu yokusebenza

.DMG I-apula

Ifomethi ye-Disk Image, ifomethi yesithombe sediski ye-Apple ye-macOS. Ingabethelwa, icindezelwe, futhi ifakwe njengediski ebonakalayo ezinhlelweni ze-macOS.

Unjiniyela: I-Apple Inc.
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/x-apple-diskimage
Izici: Ukucindezela, ukubethela, amasheke
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukusatshalaliswa kwesoftware ye-macOS, izipele ze-Mac

.VHD/.VHDX Microsoft

Ifomethi ye-Virtual Hard Disk, ifomethi yediski ebonakalayo ye-Microsoft yeWindows. Isetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-Microsoft be-virtualization njenge-Hyper-V futhi ingagcina amasistimu wokusebenza aphelele.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-virtualbox-vhd
Izici: Amadiski anamandla, amadiski ahlukene, usayizi ongashintshi
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: I-Windows virtualization, izipele zesistimu

.IMG Okujwayelekile

Ifomethi ye-Disk Image, igama elijwayelekile lamafayela esithombe sediski eluhlaza. Amafayela e-IMG ngokuvamile aqukethe ikhophi yomkhakha nengxenye yediski noma ukwahlukanisa kwediski.

Uhlobo: Isithombe sediski esijwayelekile
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/octet-stream
Isakhiwo: Ikhophi ye-raw yomkhakha ngamunye
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izithombe ze-floppy disk, izipele ezilula zediski

Amafomethi Amafayela Esizindalwazi

Amafomethi wesizindalwazi sedeskithophu

Amafomethi esizindalwazi sedeskithophu aklanyelwe ukugcinwa kwendawo kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha ehlelekile. Lawa mafomethi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezincane ukuya kosayizi omaphakathi kanye namaphrojekthi womuntu siqu.

.MDB Microsoft

Ifomethi ye-Microsoft Access Database, ifomethi yefayela yomdabu yesizindalwazi se-Microsoft Access ngaphambi kokufinyelela kuka-2007. Kuyifomethi yobunikazi yesizindalwazi esihlobene sedeskithophu.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-msaccess
Umkhawulo kasayizi: 2 GB
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Imininingwane yamabhizinisi amancane, izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu

.ACCDB Microsoft

Ifomethi ye-Microsoft Access Database yethulwe ngo-Access 2007. Inikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe, izinhlobo zedatha, nezici uma kuqhathaniswa nefomethi endala ye-MDB.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/msaccess
Umkhawulo kasayizi: 2 GB
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufinyelela zesimanje, isizindalwazi esincane

.SQLite Kushumekiwe

Ifomethi yeDathabase ye-SQLite, injini yolwazi eziqukethwe yona ngokwayo, engenaseva, yero-zero-configuration. Imininingo egciniwe ye-SQLite igcinwa njengamafayela angawodwa aqukethe i-schema yedatha egcwele kanye nedatha.

Unjiniyela: D. Richard Mvubu
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.sqlite3
Umkhawulo kasayizi: 140 TB (ngokwethiyori)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Amasistimu ashumekiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, isitoreji sasendaweni

.FDB Inyoni yomlilo

Ifomethi ye-Firebird Database, ifomethi yefayela le-Firebird SQL database. Isizindalwazi esinomthombo ovulekile esihlobene esingasebenza efayeleni elilodwa futhi sisekele izici eziningi ze-SQL.

Unjiniyela: Iphrojekthi ye-Firebird
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-firebird
Izici: Ukuthengiselana, izinqubo ezigciniwe, izibangeli
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izicelo zebhizinisi elincane ukuya kweliphakathi

Amafayela Wesizindalwazi Seseva

Amafayela esizindalwazi seseva asetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuphatha isizindalwazi sebhizinisi ukugcina idatha, izinkomba, nolwazi lokumisa. Lawa mafomethi enzelwe ukufinyelela kwabasebenzisi abaningi nokusebenza okuphezulu.

.MDF/.LDF Iseva ye-SQL

I-Microsoft SQL Server Database kanye namafayela Wokungena. I-MDF iqukethe idatha eyinhloko kuyilapho i-LDF iqukethe amalogi okwenziwayo okuthola idatha egciniwe.

Unjiniyela: I-Microsoft Corporation
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/octet-stream
Umkhawulo kasayizi: 524,272 TB (ithiyori)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izinhlelo zebhizinisi, i-Microsoft ecosystem

.DBF I-dBase

Ifomethi yefayela le-Database Database, iqalwe ngohlelo lokuphathwa kwedathabhesi ye-dBase. Naphezu kokuthi indala, isasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene futhi isekelwa amathuluzi amaningi esizindalwazi.

Umsuka: I-dBase (Ashton-Tate)
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/dbase
Imikhawulo: 2GB usayizi, 255 izinkambu irekhodi ngalinye
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izinhlelo zokusebenza zefa, ukugcinwa kwedatha okulula

.IBD I-MySQL

Ifayela le-InnoDB Database, amafayela okugcina asetshenziswa injini yokugcina ye-InnoDB ku-MySQL. Ifayela ngalinye le-IBD liqukethe idatha, izinkomba, nolunye ulwazi lwamathebula e-MySQL.

Isetshenziswa ngu: I-MySQL/MariaDB enenjini ye-InnoDB
Izici: Ukuthobela i-ACID, ukukhiya kwezinga lomugqa
Ifayela ngokwe: Ithebula noma indawo yetafula
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, ukuthunyelwa kwe-MySQL kwebhizinisi

Amafomethi Wokushintshana Kwedatha

Amafomethi okushintshaniswa kwedatha asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha ehlelekile phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene namasistimu. Lawa mafomethi ngokuvamile asekelwe emibhalweni futhi ayafundeka abantu, okuwenza alungele ukuhlanganiswa nama-API.

.CSV Universal

Ifomethi Yamanani Ahlukaniswe Ngokhefana, ifomethi yombhalo elula yokumela idatha yethebula. Umugqa ngamunye umele umugqa, futhi amanani ahlukaniswa ngokhefana noma ezinye imingcele.

Uhlobo: Kususelwa embhalweni
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umbhalo/csv
Imikhawulo: Azikho izinhlobo zedatha, abukho ubudlelwano
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukushintshanisa idatha okulula, ukungenisa/ukuthekelisa isipredishithi

.XML Yakhiwe

Ifomethi yolimi lwemakhaphu enwetshiwe, ulimi lomakha oluchaza imithetho yombhalo wekhodi kumadokhumenti ngefomethi efundeka umuntu nefundeka ngomshini.

Okujwayelekile: I-W3C XML
Uhlobo lwe-MIME: uhlelo lokusebenza/xml
Izici: Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-schema, izikhala zamagama, ukuguqulwa
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okuyinkimbinkimbi, amafayela wokumisa

.JSON Okwesimanje

Ifomethi ye-JavaScript Object Notation, ifomethi yokushintshisana yedatha engasindi esekelwe ku-syntax yento ye-JavaScript. Kulula kubantu ukufunda nokubhala kanye nemishini yokuhlaziya nokwenza.

Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/json
Isakhiwo: Izinto, amalungu afanayo, amapheya enani elingukhiye
Izici: Ulimi oluzimele, oluhlukaniseka kalula
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Ama-API wewebhu, ukucushwa, ukushintshaniswa kwedatha

.YAML Ubungane babantu

I-YAML Akulona Ulimi Lwemakhaphu, izinga lokuhlanganisa idatha elilungele abantu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlela amafayela nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho idatha igcinwa khona noma idluliswa khona.

Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/yaml
Izici: Amazwana, izinkomba, izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi
Ukuhlehlisa: Okubalulekile (isebenzisa izikhala zesakhiwo)
Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kakhulu: Amafayela okucushwa, ukuhlelwa kwedatha

Umhlahlandlela wokuqhathanisa wefomethi

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwefomethi Yedokhumenti

Ukuqhathanisa izici eziyinhloko namandla wamafomethi amadokhumenti avamile ukuze kukusize ukhethe ifomethi efanele yezidingo zakho.

Isici	PDF	I-DOCX	I-ODT	I-RTF	I-HTML
Ilondoloza Isakhiwo Esiqondile
Kulula ukuhlela
Amafomu Nezinto Ezisebenzisanayo
Iziginesha Zedijithali
Ukuhambisana kwe-Cross-Platform
Vula Okujwayelekile
Ukubuka Iwebhu

Ukuqhathaniswa kwefomethi yesithombe

Ukuqhathanisa izici eziyinhloko namandla wamafomethi ezithombe ezivamile ukuze kukusize ukhethe ifomethi elungile yesimo sakho sokusebenzisa esithile.

Isici	I-JPEG	I-PNG	I-GIF	I-WebP	I-SVG	I-TIFF
Ukwesekwa Kokungafihli
Ukusekelwa Kwezithombe Ezinyakazayo
Ukucindezela Okungenakulahlekelwa
Ilungele Izithombe
Ilungele i-Graphics
Usayizi Wefayela Omncane
Usekelo Lwesiphequluli Sewebhu
Scalable Ngaphandle Kokulahlekelwa

Ukuqhathaniswa kwefomethi yevidiyo

Ukuqhathanisa izici ezibalulekile namandla wamafomethi avamile wevidiyo ukukusiza ukhethe ifomethi efanele yokuqukethwe kwevidiyo yakho.

Isici	MP4	I-MKV	I-AVI	I-MOV	I-WebM
Ukuvumelana Kwewebhu
Amaculo Omsindo Amaningi
Ukusekelwa kwemibhalo engezansi
Ukusekela Isahluko
Usekelo Lwedivayisi Olubanzi
Vula Ifomethi
Ukusakaza-Kulungele

Ungayikhetha Kanjani Ifomethi Yefayela Elungile

Ukukhetha ifomethi yefayela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana, ikhwalithi, nokusebenza kahle. Landela lo mhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze wenze ukukhetha okufanele ngezidingo zakho ezithile.

Thola Icala Lakho Lokusebenzisa Eliyinhloko

Qala ngokuthola injongo eyinhloko yefayela lakho. Ingabe udala okuqukethwe kwewebhu, ukuphrinta, ukuhlela okuphrofeshinali, ukufaka kungobo yomlando, noma ukwabelana? Izimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa zinezidingo zefomethi ehlukile. Ngokuqukethwe kwewebhu, beka phambili amafomethi ngokusekelwa kwesiphequluli esibanzi nosayizi bamafayela amancane. Ukuze uphrinte, khetha amafomethi agcina ukulungiswa okuphezulu nokunemba kombala. Ukuze uhlele kahle, khetha amafomethi agcina ikhwalithi futhi asekele izici ozidingayo.

Cabangela Izimfuneko Zekhwalithi

Linganisa ukuthi ikhwalithi ibaluleke kangakanani esimweni sakho sokusebenzisa. Uma udinga ikhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha, khetha amafomethi angalahleki njenge-PNG yezithombe, i-FLAC yomsindo, noma i-ProRes yevidiyo. Uma usayizi wefayela ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukulahleka kwekhwalithi kwamukelekile, amafomethi acindezelwe njenge-JPEG, MP3, noma MP4 angase afaneleke kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi izidingo zekhwalithi ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo lokuqukethwe—izithombe zizuza kumafomethi ahlukene kunobuciko bomugqa noma umbhalo.

Hlola Izidingo Ezivumelanayo

Nquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma amadivayisi azodinga ukufinyelela amafayela akho. Uma ukusebenzisana okubanzi kubalulekile, khetha amafomethi asemhlabeni wonke anosekelo olubanzi kuzo zonke izinkundla nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuze uthole ukugeleza komsebenzi okukhethekile okwengeziwe, ungase udinge ukusebenzisa amafomethi asezingeni lomkhakha ngisho noma anosekelo oluvamile olulinganiselwe. Njalo hlola ifomethi oyikhethile kumasistimu aqondiwe ngaphambi kokwenza ukuguqulwa okukhulu noma inqubo yokudala.

Linganisa Izidingo Zesici

Khomba izici ezithile ozidingayo ngefomethi yefayela lakho. Ingabe udinga usekelo lwezendlalelo, izinto ezibonakalayo, noma ukugqwayiza? Ingabe udinga amathrekhi omsindo amaningi noma imibhalo engezansi? Ingabe ufuna ukuguquguquka kokuhlela noma izici zokuphepha ezifana nokubethela noma amasiginesha edijithali? Yenza uhlu lwezici okufanele ube nazo ukuze unciphise izinketho zakho zefomethi. Amafomethi ahlukene ngaphakathi kwesigaba esifanayo ngokuvamile asekela amasethi ezici ezihlukene.

Cabangela Imikhawulo Yosayizi Wefayela

Hlola noma yimiphi imikhawulo kusayizi wefayela wecala lakho lokusebenzisa. Uma wabelana ngamafayela ku-inthanethi, ulayisha ezinkundleni ezithile, noma ugcina idatha enkulu, usayizi wefayela uba yinto ebalulekile. Amafomethi ahlukene anikeza amasu okucindezela ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekucindezelweni okungalahleki okugcina yonke idatha kuye ekucindezelweni okulahlekile okwehlisa usayizi wefayela ngokulahla ulwazi oluthile. Ukuthola ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwekhwalithi nosayizi kuvame ukuba ukhiye ekukhetheni ifomethi elungile.

Cabanga Ngezidingo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Cabangela ukuthi ukukhetha kwakho kwefomethi kumele kuhambisane nokuhlelwa kwesikhathi esizayo, ukuguqulwa, noma ukufakwa kungobo yomlando. Kumafayela omthombo azohlelwa okwengeziwe, khetha amafomethi alondoloza ikhwalithi nokuvumelana nezimo. Ngezinjongo zokugcinwa kwengobo yomlando, khetha amafomethi anokuphila isikhathi eside nokusekelwa okubanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukulondoloza izinguqulo eziningi—ifayela eliyinhloko ngefomethi yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokuphuma kokunye kumafomethi afinyeleleka kakhulu—kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokulinganisa izidingo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Namafomethi Efayela

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokucindezelwa okulahlekile nokungalahleki?

Ukucindezela okungenakulahlekelwa kunciphisa usayizi wefayela kuyilapho kugcinwa yonke idatha yoqobo. Uma licindezelwa, ifayela lifana nelokuqala ngaphambi kokucindezelwa. Izibonelo zifaka i-PNG yezithombe, i-FLAC yomsindo, ne-ZIP yamafayela ajwayelekile. Ukucindezela okulahlekile kususa unomphela enye idatha ukuze kuzuzwe osayizi bamafayela amancane. Izinga lokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi lincike ezingeni lokucindezela. Izibonelo zifaka i-JPEG yezithombe, i-MP3 yomsindo, ne-MP4 ene-H.264 yevidiyo. Amafomethi alahlekile ngokuvamile mancane kakhulu kodwa adela ikhwalithi ethile, kuyilapho amafomethi angalahleki alondoloza ikhwalithi kodwa aphumela kumafayela amakhulu.

Kungani ifayela lami lingavuli ohlelweni oluthile?

Amafayela angase angavuleki ezinhlelweni ezithile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: uhlelo lokusebenza kungenzeka lungasekeli leyo fomethi yefayela; ifayela kungenzeka lonakaliswe noma lingaphelele; ifayela kungenzeka lisebenzisa inguqulo entsha yefomethi kunaleyo esekelwa uhlelo lokusebenza; noma isandiso sefayela singase singafani nefomethi yangempela yefayela. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, zama ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuguqula ifayela ukuze uguqulele kufomethi ehambisanayo, ubuyekeze uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lube inguqulo yakamuva, noma usebenzise olunye uhlelo lokusebenza olusekela ifomethi. Ngamafomethi obunikazi, ungase udinge isofthiwe ethile evela kunjiniyela wefomethi.

Iyiphi ifomethi yefayela okufanele ngiyisebenzise ukuze ngigcine kungobo yomlando yesikhathi eside?

Ukuze kugcinwe kungobo yomlando yesikhathi eside, khetha amafomethi asekelwa kakhulu, amisiwe, namathuba amancane okuthi angasasetshenziswa. Ukuze uthole amadokhumenti, cabangela i-PDF/A, inguqulo ekhethekile ye-PDF edizayinelwe ngokuqondile ukugcinwa komlando. Ezithombeni, i-TIFF noma i-DNG (yezinto ezingezinhle ezidijithali) ukukhetha okuhle. Ngomsindo, i-WAV engacindezelwanga noma i-FLAC inikeza ikhwalithi engalahleki. Ngevidiyo, cabangela iziqukathi ze-MKV ezinamakhodekhi asekelwa kabanzi noma amafomethi aqondene nengobo yomlando afana ne-FFV1. Ngaso sonke isikhathi beka phambili amafomethi avuliwe, abhaliwe kunalawo aphathelene nokuphathelene, futhi ucabange ukwenza amakhophi amaningi ngamafomethi ahlukene ukuze uthole idatha ebalulekile. Thuthela njalo izingobo zakho zomlando kumafomethi amasha njengoba izindinganiso zishintsha.

Ngiguqula kanjani phakathi kwamafomethi ahlukene wefayela?

Ungakwazi ukuguqula phakathi kwamafomethi wefayela usebenzisa isofthiwe yokuguqula ekhethekile, izinsiza zokuguqula ku-inthanethi, noma izici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngamafomethi amadokhumenti, i-Microsoft Office, i-LibreOffice, ne-Google Amadokhumenti konke kuhlinzeka ngezinketho zokuthekelisa kumafomethi ahlukene. Ezithombeni, amathuluzi afana ne-Adobe Photoshop, i-GIMP, ne-IrfanView anikezela ngamakhono okuguqula. Ngomsindo nevidiyo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-HandBrake, i-FFmpeg, ne-Audacity ziyizinketho ezinamandla. Amasevisi amaningi e-inthanethi amahhala akhona futhi ukuze kube nokuguqulwa okulula, nakuba qaphela mayelana nokulayisha ulwazi olubucayi. Lapho uguqula, qaphela ukuthi okunye ukuguqulwa kungase kuphumele ekulahlekeni kwekhwalithi noma ekulahlekeni kwezici, ikakhulukazi uma kuguqulwa kusuka kufomethi enekhono kakhulu ukuya kwelula.

Yini ebangela ukonakala kwamafayela futhi ngingakunqanda kanjani?

Ukonakala kwefayela kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukuvala shaqa okungafanele, ukwehluleka kwehadiwe, iziphazamisi zesofthiwe, ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ukudluliswa okuphazamisekile, noma ukucekelwa phansi kwemidiya yesitoreji. Ukuze uvimbele ukonakala kwefayela, sebenzisa lezi zinqubo: sebenzisa njalo inketho ethi “susa ngokuphephile” kumadrayivu angaphandle; gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zibuyekeziwe; sebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus; gwema ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwefayela njengokulondoloza noma ukukopisha; sebenzisa isu elivamile lokusekelayo elinamakhophi amaningi; sebenzisa amathuluzi okuqinisekisa ifayela ahlola ubuqotho bedatha; futhi ucabange ukusebenzisa amasistimu wefayela anokulungiswa kwephutha elakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma unamafayela abalulekile, qinisekisa njalo ubuqotho bawo futhi uwathuthele kumidiya entsha yesitoreji njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.

Ayini amafomethi esiqukathi futhi ahluke kanjani kuma-codec?

Amafomethi esiqukathi (njengeMP4, MKV, AVI) angama- wrappers abamba ukusakazwa kwedatha okuningi njengevidiyo, umsindo, imibhalo engezansi, kanye nemethadatha efayeleni elilodwa. Zichaza ukuthi lezi zakhi zihlelwa kanjani kodwa hhayi ukuthi okuqukethwe kwangempela kufakwa ikhodi kanjani. Ama-codec (njenge-H.264, VP9, AAC, MP3) ubuchwepheshe obufaka ikhodi futhi buhlukanise ukusakazwa kwangempela kwedatha yomsindo noma yevidiyo, okunquma indlela yokuminyanisa nekhwalithi. Ifomethi yesiqukathi esisodwa ingasekela amakhodekhi amaningi ahlukene, futhi i-codec efanayo ingasetshenziswa kumafomethi esiqukathi ahlukene. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusiza uma kuxazululwa izinkinga zokusebenzisana, njengoba kokubili isiqukathi nekhodekhi kufanele kusekelwe idivayisi yakho yokudlala noma isofthiwe.

Hlola Izinsiza Zefomethi Yefayela Engeziwe

Gxilisa ukuqonda kwakho amafomethi wefayela ngemihlahlandlela yethu ebanzi, amathuluzi okuguqula, nemininingwane yochwepheshe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uchwepheshe, ungumfundi, noma ungumuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa, ukukhetha ifomethi yefayela efanele kubalulekile kokuqukethwe kwakho kwedijithali.

Phequlula Zonke Izigaba Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha