Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo kwiiCodecs zeVidiyo
Isikhokelo esibanzi sokukunceda uqonde isikhokelo sokugqibela seekhowudi zevidiyo.
Ziziphi iiCodecs zeVidiyo kwaye kutheni zibalulekile?
I-codec yevidiyo (i-codec-decoder) yi-software okanye isixhobo se-hardware esicinezela kwaye sinciphise idatha yevidiyo yedijithali. Xa urekhoda ividiyo kwifowuni yakho okanye kwikhamera, umfanekiso okrwada uya kudala iifayile ezinkulu- zihlala zingamakhulu eegigabytes kwimizuzu nje embalwa yomxholo. I-Codecs isombulula le ngxaki ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms eyinkimbinkimbi ukunciphisa ubungakanani beefayile ngelixa igcina amanqanaba omgangatho owamkelekileyo. Igama elithi ‘codec’ libandakanya zombini i-encoder (ecinezela ividiyo ngexesha lokurekhoda okanye uguqulelo) kunye ne-decoder (eyehlisa ividiyo ukuze idlalwe kwakhona). Iikhowudi zale mihla zisebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zemathematika ezifana nembuyekezo yentshukumo, ukucinezelwa kwendawo, kunye nokuqonda kakuhle ukuphumeza umlinganiselo woxinzelelo we-100:1 okanye ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuthotywa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo. Ukuqonda ii-codecs kubalulekile kuye nabani na osebenza ngomxholo wevidiyo, nokuba ungumenzi womxholo, umphuhlisi wewebhu, okanye umntu nje ofuna ukwandisa indawo yokugcina. Ukukhetha i-codec kuchaphazela ubungakanani befayile, umgangatho, ukuhambelana kuzo zonke izixhobo, kunye nobomi bebhetri ngexesha lokudlala. Ii-codec ezahlukeneyo ziyagqwesa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo-ezinye zibeka phambili ucinezelo oluphezulu, ezinye zijolise kugcino lomgangatho, kwaye ezinye zilungiselelwe iimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa ezifana nokusasaza bukhoma okanye ukuhlelwa kobuchule.
IiCodecs zeVidiyo ezidumileyo: H.264, H.265, VP9, ​​kunye ne-AV1
I-H.264 (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AVC okanye i-MPEG-4 Icandelo le-10) ihlala i-codec exhaswe kakhulu namhlanje, ifunyenwe kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kumaqonga okusasaza. Ikhutshwe kwi-2003, i-H.264 ibetha ibhalansi egqwesileyo phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo kunye nokuhambelana. Ixhaswa phantse sonke isixhobo kunye neqonga, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lukhuselekileyo losasazo olubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo koxinzelelo kudlulwa buchwephesha obutsha. I-H.265 (i-HEVC – iKhowudi yevidiyo eSebenzayo ngokuPhakamileyo) inikezela malunga ne-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-H.264 ngelixa igcina amanqanaba omgangatho ofanayo. Oku kuyenza ilungele umxholo we-4K kunye ne-bandwidth-limited scenarios. Nangona kunjalo, ukwamkelwa kwe-H.265 kuye kwacotha ngenxa yobunzima belayisensi kunye neemfuneko eziphezulu zokubala zokhowudo kunye nokuguqula iikhowudi. Uninzi lwee-smartphones ezintsha kunye nee-smart TVs zixhasa i-H.265, kodwa ukuhambelana akusiyo yonke indawo. I-VP9, ephuhliswe nguGoogle, yenye indlela engahlawulelwayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kuYouTube nakwezinye iinkonzo zikaGoogle. Inika ukusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo olufana ne-H.265 ngaphandle kweentlawulo zelayisensi, okwenza kube nomtsalane kwizicelo zewebhu. I-AV1, umdlali omtsha, uthembisa ucinezelo olungcono kune-H.265 kunye ne-VP9 ngelixa ehlala ebukhosini. INetflix, iYouTube, kunye namanye amaqonga amakhulu aqala ukwamkela i-AV1 yokuhanjiswa komxholo weprimiyamu.
Iifomathi zesikhongozeli vs. Codecs: Ukuqonda Umahluko
Omnye wemithombo eqhelekileyo yokubhideka kwividiyo yedijithali ngumahluko phakathi kweefomathi zesikhongozeli kunye neekhowudi. Ifomati yesikhongozeli (efana neMP4, AVI, okanye MKV) sisigqubuthelo esigcina imijelo yevidiyo, imijelo yomsindo, imibhalo engezantsi, kunye nemetadata kunye kwifayile enye. Yicinge njengebhokisi enokuthi iqulathe izinto ezininzi – icodec imisela ukuba ezo zinto zicinezelwe kwaye zigcinwe njani. Umzekelo, ifayile yeMP4 isenokuba nevidiyo ye-H.264, isandi se-AAC, kunye nemibhalo engezantsi ye-SRT, kodwa inokuqulatha ngokulula ividiyo ye-H.265 ene-MP3 yomsindo. Ifomathi yesikhongozeli ichaza isakhiwo sefayile kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zomxholo ezinokubandakanywa, ngelixa i-codecs ibamba ukunyanzeliswa kwangempela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemijelo yomsindo kunye nevidiyo ngaphakathi kweso sitya. Lo mahluko ubalulekile xa ulungisa iingxaki zokudlala. Isixhobo sinokuxhasa isikhongozeli seMP4 kodwa hayi ikhowudi ethile esetyenziselwa ukusasaza ividiyo ngaphakathi kweso sikhongozeli. Kungenxa yoko le nto unokudibana neefayile ezidlala ngokuyinxenye (umsindo uyasebenza kodwa akukho vidiyo) okanye ungadlali konke konke ngaphandle kokuba unolwandiso lwefayile ‘eluchanekileyo’. Ukuqonda olu budlelwane kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo malunga nokuhambelana kwefomathi kunye neemfuno zokuguqulwa.
UKhetho lweCodec yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokuSebenza
Ukukhetha ikhowudi efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nemiqobo. Ukusasazwa kwewebhu kunye neendaba zoluntu, i-H.264 ihlala isemgangathweni wegolide ngenxa yokuhambelana kwayo jikelele kunye neempawu zokusasaza ngokufanelekileyo. Iiplatforms ezifana ne-Facebook, Instagram, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zokulawula umxholo zilindele umxholo we-H.264, kwaye ababukeli banokudlala phantse nasiphi na isixhobo ngaphandle kwesoftware eyongezelelweyo. Ngeenjongo zoovimba okanye ukuhanjiswa komxholo okumgangatho ophezulu, i-H.265 okanye iifomati ezingaxinzelelwanga zinokufaneleka ngakumbi. Abahleli bevidiyo abaqeqeshiweyo bahlala besebenza ngeekhowudi eziphakathi njengeProRes okanye iDNxHD ezibeka phambili ukuguquguquka kokuhlela ngaphezulu kobukhulu befayile. Ezi codecs zigcina umgangatho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo yokuhlela ezininzi kodwa zenza iifayile ezinkulu kuneekhowudi ezijoliswe ekuhanjisweni. Imo ephathwayo kunye ne-bandwidth-nemiqobo yendalo esingqongileyo ixhamla kwisetingi zoxinzelelo olurhabaxa okanye iikhowudi ezintsha ezifana ne-AV1. Ukuba udala umxholo wamaqonga athile, phanda iinkcukacha zabo ezicetyiswayo-iYouTube ixhasa iVP9 kunye ne-AV1 kumgangatho weprimiyamu, ngelixa umabonakude wosasazo uneemfuno ezingqongqo zeeprofayile zekhowudi kunye noseto. Into ephambili kukulinganisa umgangatho, ubukhulu befayile, ukuhambelana, kunye neemfuno zokucubungula ngokusekelwe kubaphulaphuli bakho kunye nendlela yokuhambisa.
Izicwangciso zeCodec kunye nokuPhuculwa koMgangatho
Ngaphandle kokukhetha i-codec eyiyo, ulungelelwaniso olululo lweseto lwe-encoding luchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho kunye nobukhulu befayile. I-Bitrate yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuseta – imisela ukuba ingakanani idatha eyabelwe isekhondi nganye yevidiyo. Uguqulelo lwekhowudi ye-bitrate eguquguqukayo (VBR) lulungelelanisa ulwabiwo lwedatha ngokusekelwe kubunzima bendawo, ibonelela ngomgangatho ongcono kune-bitrate engaguqukiyo (CBR) kusetyenziso oluninzi. Ukufakwa kweekhowudi ezimbini kuhlalutya yonke ividiyo ngaphambi kokufakwa kweekhowudi, okukhokelela kukuhanjiswa okusemgangathweni kodwa kufuna amaxesha amade okuqhuba. Isisombululo kunye nesantya sesakhelo sisebenza kunye nokukhetha kwe-codec ukumisela umgangatho wokugqibela kunye nokuhambelana. Ngelixa isisombululo se-4K sibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezothusayo, ifuna i-bandwidth engaphezulu kunye namandla okusebenza. Ngomxholo wewebhu, i-1080p kwi-30fps ihlala ibonelela ngebhalansi engcono yomgangatho kunye nokufikeleleka. Qwalasela izixhobo zokubukela zabaphulaphuli bakho kunye nezantya ze-intanethi xa usenza ezi zigqibo. Iisetingi eziphucukileyo ezifana nezakhelo zeframe engundoqo, ukusetyenziswa kwesakhelo se-B, kunye neendlela zokulawula izinga zinokulungisa kakuhle umlinganiselo phakathi komgangatho kunye nobukhulu befayile. Ii-keyframes kufuneka zenzeke rhoqo kwimizuzwana emi-2-3 yostrimisho lokuqulatha ukuze ukhangelo olugudileyo kunye nokutshintsha i-bitrate elungelelanisiweyo. Ukuqonda ezi parameters kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise umxholo wakho kwiimeko ezithile zokuhanjiswa ngelixa ugcina amava okubukela angcono kakhulu.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Khetha iiCodecs ngokusekwe kubaphulaphuli bakho
Eyona codec ilungileyo ayisoloko iyeyona intsha okanye iphambili – yeyona isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kunye nemeko yokusebenzisa.
- H.264 ukuhambelana okuphezulu kuzo zonke izixhobo
- I-H.265 yomxholo we-4K kunye nokugcinwa kwe-bandwidth
- Qwalasela ulungiselelo oluthile lweqonga olufana neVP9 yeYouTube
Iisetingi zoMgangatho zibalulekile kunoKhetho lweCodec
Useto olululo lwekhowudi lunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho wokugqibela kunokhetho lwekhowudi yodwa.
- Sebenzisa i-bitrate eguquguqukayo (VBR) kunikezelo olungcono lomgangatho
- Sebenzisa ikhowudi yokupasa ezimbini kumxholo obalulekileyo
- Tshatisa izithuba zeframe engundoqo kwiimfuno zeqonga lakho lokuhambisa
Ubungakanani beFayile elungelelanisiweyo, uMgangatho, kunye nokuhambelana
Zonke izigqibo ze-codec zibandakanya urhwebo phakathi kwezi zinto zintathu ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nemiqobo.
- Beka phambili ukuhambelana kokusasazwa okubanzi
- Khetha ii-codecs ezintsha ze-bandwidth-limited scenarios
- Vavanya ukudlala kwakhona kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zabaphulaphuli bakho ngaphambi kokuba ugqibezele ukhetho lwekhowudi
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-H.264 kunye ne-H.265?
I-H.265 (HEVC) inikezela malunga ne-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-H.264 ngelixa igcina umgangatho ofanayo, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kumxholo we-4K kunye ne-bandwidth-limited scenarios. Nangona kunjalo, i-H.264 inokuhambelana okubanzi kakhulu kwesixhobo kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zokusetyenzwa.
Kutheni ifayile yam MP4 ingadlali kwezinye izixhobo?
I-MP4 yifomathi yesikhongozeli esinokubamba iikhodekhi zevidiyo ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa isixhobo sixhasa izikhongozeli zeMP4, isenokungayixhasi ikhowudi ethile esetyenziselwa ukusasaza ividiyo ngaphakathi. Jonga ukuba ividiyo yakho isebenzisa i-H.265, VP9, ​​okanye ezinye ii-codecs ezifuna ihardware entsha okanye isoftwe.
Yeyiphi icodec ekufuneka ndiyisebenzise kuYouTube ukulayisha?
I-H.264 iyacetyiswa ukuba ihambelane ngokubanzi, kodwa i-YouTube ikwaxhasa i-VP9 kunye ne-AV1 kumgangatho ophezulu. I-YouTube iya kuphinda ifake iikhowudi zakho ezilayishiweyo, ngoko ke gxila ekufakeni umthombo wezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu endaweni yeefayile ezixinaniswe kakhulu.
Ngaba i-AV1 ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi?
I-AV1 ifumana ukwamkelwa kumaqonga amakhulu afana neNetflix kunye neYouTube, kunye nezixhobo ezitsha zixhasa ukuchazwa kwehardware. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha eekhowudi asemade kwaye izixhobo ezindala zisenokungaxhasi ukudlala kwakhona. Kungcono kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunokusasazwa ngokubanzi.
Ndazi njani ukuba yeyiphi icodec esetyenziswa yifayile yevidiyo?
Unokujonga ulwazi lwe-codec usebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya imidiya njengeMediaInfo, ipaneli yolwazi ye-codec yeVLC, okanye iipropathi zefayile ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuxazululeni iingxaki zokudlala kwakhona.
Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenzise ihardware okanye isoftware encoding?
Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kwi-Hardware kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kusebenzisa amandla amancinci e-CPU, kuyenza ilungele ukusasazwa okubukhoma okanye usetyenziso lwexesha lokwenyani. Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kwisoftware ngokuqhelekileyo kubonelela ngomgangatho ongcono kwi-bitrate efanayo kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye isebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi zenkqubo.
Sesiphi esona sicwangciso sebitrate esihle kwividiyo ekwi-intanethi?
Kuxhomekeke kwisisombululo kunye nodidi lomxholo. Kwividiyo yewebhu ye-1080p, i-5-8 Mbps isebenza kakuhle kumxholo omkhulu. Umxholo onzima ufuna i-bitrate ephezulu, ngelixa iividiyo ezithethayo zinokusebenzisa amazinga aphantsi. Hlala uvavanya ngomxholo wakho oqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokubukela.
Sebenzisa Ulwazi Lwakho
Ngoku uyawaqonda amagama, zama uQinisekisa ukuze usebenzise oko ukufundileyo. Uguqulelo lwasimahla, olungenamda kwaye akukho akhawunti ifunekayo.