Isikhokelo soMfoti kwiiFomathi zeFayile: Gqibezela isishwankathelo
Yazi iifomati zemifanekiso ezibalulekileyo wonke umfoti kufuneka azazi. Funda malunga neRAW, JPEG, TIFF, PNG, kunye nokunye ukuze wenze umsebenzi wakho ube ngcono kwaye ugcine umgangatho womfanekiso.
Kutheni iiFomati zeFayile zibalulekile kubafoti
Njengomfoti, ukuqonda iifomathi zefayile ayiyonkcukacha yobugcisa-sisakhono esisisiseko esichaphazela ukuhamba kwakho konke ukusuka ekubanjweni ukuya ekuhanjisweni. Ifomathi yefayile echanekileyo inokugcina umgangatho womfanekiso, ukulungelelanisa ukuhlela, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokugcina, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye namaqonga.
Ifomathi nganye isebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kwi-toolkit yomfoti. Iifayile ze-RAW zigcina idatha ephezulu yokuguquguquka kokuhlela, i-JPEG inikezela ngokuhambelana jikelele kunye nobukhulu beefayile ezincinci, i-TIFF ibonelela ngeendlela ezilahlekileyo zomsebenzi wokuprinta, ngelixa iifomathi ezikhethekileyo ezifana neWebP kunye ne-HEIC zimele ubuchwephesha obutsha obulinganisa umgangatho kunye noxinzelelo.
Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siya kukunceda ujonge imeko entsonkothileyo yeefomathi zefayile yeefoto, ikuvumela ukuba wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi eziphucula amandla akho obuchule kunye neziphumo zobungcali. Nokuba ungumntu oqalayo okanye unamava, iifomati zefayile zobuchule ziya kuphakamisa ubuchule bakho bobugcisa kunye neziphumo zokuyila.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili zokuKhetha iiFomathi zeeFayile
Umgangatho Womfanekiso
Iifomathi ezahlukeneyo zigcina amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eenkcukacha, ulwazi lombala, kunye noluhlu oluguqukayo. Ukhetho lwakho luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho obonakalayo wemifanekiso yakho yokugqibela.
- Ubunzulu beBit bumisela ukuchaneka kombala
- Uxinzelelo luchaphazela ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
- Ezinye iifomati zixhasa ubunzulu bebit obuphezulu
Ukuguquguquka kokuhlela
Iifomathi ezinedatha eninzi zikunika inkululeko enkulu yokunyenyisa ukuvezwa, umbala, kunye nezinye iiparamitha ngaphandle kokuthoba umgangatho womfanekiso.
- Izakhono zokuhlela ezingonakalisi
- Ibhalansi emhlophe kunye ne-exposure latitude
- Ukubuyiswa kokugqwesa kunye neenkcukacha zesithunzi
Ubungakanani beFayile
Ubungakanani befayile buchaphazela iimfuno zokugcina, izicwangciso zokugcina, kunye namaxesha okulayisha / ukukhuphela xa usabelana nabathengi okanye kwimidiya yoluntu.
- Iindleko zokugcina iimpembelelo kwiindawo ezinkulu zogcino-mpepha
- Ichaphazela isantya sodluliselo phakathi kwezixhobo
- Imisela ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokugcina
Ukuhambelana
Ezinye iifomathi zixhaswa jikelele, ngelixa ezinye zinokufuna isoftware ethile okanye zinokuhambelana okulinganiselweyo kuzo zonke ii-aplikeshini kunye nezixhobo.
- Ibhrawuza yewebhu kunye nenkxaso yesixhobo
- Ukuhambelana kweqonga leendaba zoluntu
- Iingqwalasela zonikezelo lwabathengi
Inkxaso yeMetadata
Iifomathi ezahlukeneyo zinamandla ahlukeneyo okugcina ulwazi olubalulekileyo njengeenkcukacha zelungelo lokushicilela, useto lwekhamera, amagama angundoqo, kunye nedatha yendawo.
- Idatha ye-EXIF yolwazi lobugcisa
- Idatha ye-IPTC yolawulo lwamalungelo
- Idatha ye-XMP yeepropati ezongezelelweyo
Isiphumo Injongo
Usetyenziso olucetywayo-nokuba lushicilelo, iwebhu, imidiya yoluntu, okanye ugcino-kufuneka lukhokele ukhetho lwakho lwefomathi ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezizezona.
- Shicilela iimfuno zesisombululo kunye nombala
- Ukulungiswa kweWebhu ngesantya kunye nomgangatho
- Iingqwalasela zoovimba bexesha elide
Iifomathi zeFayile eziBalulekileyo zabafoti
Iifomathi RAW
Iifomathi RAW ziqulathe idatha esekwe kancinci ukusuka kwinzwa yomfanekiso wekhamera. Banikezela ngowona mgangatho uphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu okuhlela, okubenza babe lolona khetho lukhethwayo lokufota lobuchwephesha kunye nabathanda kakhulu. Umenzi wekhamera ngamnye unefomathi yakhe ye-RAW yobunini.
ICanon RAW (.CR2/.CR3)
Iifomathi ze-RAW zobunikazi beCanon zigcina idatha yomfanekiso engalungiswanga ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo soluvo lwekhamera. I-CR2 isetyenziswa kwiikhamera zeCanon ezindala, ngelixa iimodeli ezintsha zitshintshele kwifomathi ye-CR3 ebonelela ngeendlela ezingcono zocinezelo.
- Ubunzulu beBit: I-14-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Iinketho ezingenalahleko okanye ezicinezelweyo
- Izinto eziluncedo: Umgangatho ophezulu, ukuguquguquka okupheleleyo kokuhlela, ukulungelelaniswa kweCanon
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ubungakanani befayile enkulu, ifuna inkxaso yesoftware ethile
I-Nikon RAW (.NEF)
Iifayile ze-Nikon Electronic Format (NEF) ziqulethe idatha ekrwada kwiikhamera zeNikon ezinoxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo kunye neenketho zobunzulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli yekhamera. Iisetingi zoLawulo lweMifanekiso kaNikon zigcinwa njengemetadata kodwa azifakwanga kwidatha ekrwada.
- Ubunzulu beBit: I-12-bit okanye i-14-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Ukungaxinzelelwanga, kunyanzeleke ngokungalahlekiyo, okanye kucinezelwe ilahleko
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ugcino lwedatha yomfanekiso opheleleyo, ukulungiselelwa okuthe ngqo kweNikon
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ifomathi yobunikazi, ubukhulu beefayile ezinkulu
I-Sony RAW (.ARW)
Iifayile ze-Sony Alpha Raw (ARW) zigcina idatha engalungiswanga kwiikhamera ze-Sony. Le fomati igcina lonke ulwazi olubanjwe ngababonisi be-Sony, abaziwayo ngoluhlu lwazo oluguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenza kokukhanya okuphantsi.
- Ubunzulu beBit: I-14-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Icinezelwe
- Izinto eziluncedo: Igcina isayensi yemibala ye-Sony, uluhlu oluphezulu oluguquguqukayo
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ukuhambelana kwesoftware okulinganiselweyo xa kuthelekiswa neDNG
I-Fujifilm RAW (.RAF)
Ifomathi ye-RAF ye-Fujifilm igcina iimpawu ezizodwa ze-X-Trans kunye ne-Bayer sensors. Igcina idatha efunekayo ukwenza kwakhona i-Fujifilm yemiboniso bhanyabhanya eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokwenziwa komsebenzi.
- Ubunzulu beBit: I-14-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko icinezelwe
- Izinto eziluncedo: Igcina umbala owahlukileyo weFujifilm kunye nokulinganisa ifilimu
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Iifayile zoluvo lwe-X-Trans zinokuba neemfuneko ezintsonkothileyo zedemosayisi
I-Adobe Digital Negative (.DNG)
Ifomati ye-Adobe evuliweyo ye-RAW eyilelwe ukubonelela ngomgangatho jikelele, wogcino lwedatha yemifanekiso ekrwada. Abanye abavelisi bekhamera abanjengoLeica, Hasselblad, kunye nePentax basebenzisa i-DNG ngokwemveli, kunye nezinye iifayile zeRAW zinokuguqulelwa kwi-DNG.
- Ubunzulu beBit: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Icinezelwe engaxinzelelwanga okanye ayilahlekanga
- Izinto eziluncedo: Amaxwebhu avuliweyo, ukuhambelana okungcono kwexesha elide, kunokuzinzisa i-RAW yoqobo
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Inyathelo loguqulo elifunekayo kwiikhamera ezininzi, ezinye iimpawu ezithile zekhamera zinokulahleka
Ezinye iiFomati RAW
Abanye abaninzi abavelisi bekhamera baneendlela zabo ze-RAW, kuquka i-Olympus (.ORF), iPanasonic (.RW2), iPentax (.PEF), iLeica (.DNG), kunye nokunye. Nganye igcina iimpawu ezithile zezivamvo zomenzi kunye nokucubungula.
- Iinkcazelo ngeempawu eziqhelekileyo: Ubunzulu obuphezulu, ukusetyenzwa okuncinci, ukugcinwa kwedatha ephezulu
- Ukuhambelana: Iyahluka ngokwefomathi kunye nesoftware
- Iingqwalasela: Iifomathi zobunikazi zinokuba neenkxalabo zoovimba bexesha elide
Iifomathi zeHlabathi jikelele
Ezi fomati zibonelela ngokuhambelana okubanzi kuzo zonke izixhobo, usetyenziso, kunye namaqonga, ezenza zibaluleke kakhulu ekwabelwaneni nasekupapasheni umsebenzi wokufota.
JPEG/JPG
I-JPEG (iQela leeNgcali zeeFoto eziHlangeneyo) yeyona fomati yemifanekiso isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo olusebenzayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo yonke indawo. Isebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa kwelahleko ukwenza iifayile ezincinci ngokukhetha ukulahla idatha yomfanekiso engaqondakaliyo kumbono womntu.
- Ubunzulu beBit: 8-bit (16.7 yezigidi zemibala)
- Uxinzelelo: Ukulahleka, amanqanaba omgangatho ohlengahlengiswayo
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi, ubungakanani befayile encinci, ucinezelo oluhlengahlengiswayo
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Uxinzelelo olulahlekileyo luthoba umgangatho, ukuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo kokuhlela, akukho cacileyo
- Engcono kwi: Upapasho lwewebhu, ukwabelana nge-imeyile, imidiya yoluntu, xa ubukhulu befayile bubalulekile
JPEG 2000
Inguqulelo ephuculweyo yeJPEG ebonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho. Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo zobugcisa, ayizange iphumelele ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweJPEG eqhelekileyo.
- Ubunzulu beBit: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko okanye ilahleko
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ubungakanani obungcono bomgangatho ukuya kubukhulu kuneJPEG, ixhasa ukungafihli kunye noxinzelelo olungenalahleko
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Isikhangeli esincinci kunye nenkxaso yesoftware
- Engcono kwi: Imifanekiso yezonyango, iinjongo zoovimba, imifanekiso ecinezelweyo ekumgangatho ophezulu
I-PNG
I-Portable Network Graphics (PNG) yaphuhliswa njengenye indlela ephuculweyo ye-GIF. Ixhasa ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo kunye nokungafihli nto, iyenza ilungele imizobo enemiphetho ebukhali kunye nezinto ezicacileyo.
- Ubunzulu beBit: 8-bit (256 imibala), 24-bit (16.7 million imibala), okanye 32-bit (kunye alpha channel)
- Uxinzelelo: Ayinalahleko
- Izinto eziluncedo: Umgangatho oLassless, inkxaso ecacileyo, ukuhambelana okubanzi
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Iisayizi zefayile ezinkulu kuneJPEG kumxholo wefoto
- Engcono kwi: Imizobo enesicatshulwa, iilogo, imifanekiso efuna ukungafihli, izikrini
GIF
I-Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) ixhasa oopopayi kwaye isebenzisa ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo kwimifanekiso enemibala eqingqiweyo. Ngelixa iphelelwe lixesha lokufota, ihlala idumile kwimifanekiso eshukumayo kunye neememes.
- Ubunzulu beBit: 8-bit (256 imibala ubuninzi)
- Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko kwimibala enesalathisi
- Izinto eziluncedo: Inkxaso yopopayi, ukungafihli, ubungakanani befayile encinci yeegraphics ezilula
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ilinganiselwe kwimibala engama-256, ihlwempuzekile kumgangatho wezithombe
- Engcono kwi: Oopopayi abalula, ii-memes, ii-icon, imizobo enemibala embalwa
UHlelo lobuNgcali kunye neeFomati zoShicilelo
Ezi fomati ziyilelwe ukusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso ekumgangatho ophezulu, ukuhlela, kunye nemveliso yoshicilelo, enikezela ngeempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi wobuchwephesha.
I-TIFF
IFomathi yeFayile yoMfanekiso ephawulweyo (TIFF) yifomathi ebhetyebhetye kakhulu, ekumgangatho ophezulu esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiifoto zobuchwephesha, upapasho, kunye noshicilelo. Ixhasa ubunzulu obahlukeneyo, izithuba zemibala, kunye nokhetho loxinzelelo olungalahlekiyo.
- Ubunzulu beBit: I-8-bit, i-16-bit, okanye i-32-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olunganyanzelwanga okanye olungalahlekanga (LZW, ZIP)
- Izinto eziluncedo: Umgangatho ogqwesileyo, inkxaso yomaleko, iinketho eziguquguqukayo, zamkelwe ngokubanzi kushishino loshicilelo
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Iifayile ezinkulu kakhulu, azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwewebhu
- Engcono kwi: Upapasho loshicilelo, oovimba, iifayile zokuhlela eziphakathi, iifayile eziphambili ezikumgangatho ophezulu
PSD
Ifomathi yefayile yemveli ye-Adobe Photoshop (PSD) igcina zonke izakhono zokuhlela ezibandakanya iileya, iimaski, iteksti, uhlengahlengiso, kunye nezinto ezikrelekrele. Ibalulekile kuhambo olunzima lokuhlela.
- Ubunzulu beBit: I-8-bit, i-16-bit, okanye i-32-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lwe-RLE olungenakulahleka
- Izinto eziluncedo: Inkxaso yesici sePhotoshop epheleleyo, igcina zonke iileya zokuhlela kunye nohlengahlengiso
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ubungakanani befayile enkulu, ngokuyintloko iyahambelana nesoftware yeAdobe
- Engcono kwi: Iiprojekthi zokuhlela ezintsonkothileyo, imidibaniso, uyilo olufuna izinto ezininzi
IFomathi yoXwebhu oluphathekayo (PDF) inokuqulatha imifanekiso ye-raster okanye ye-vector kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwabelaneni ngomsebenzi wokugqibela wokufota, ngakumbi iipotfoliyo, iincwadi, kunye noshicilelo. Igcina ukufomatha kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.
- Inkxaso yoMfanekiso: Ingalungisa iifomati zemifanekiso ezahlukeneyo kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo
- Uxinzelelo: Iinketho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwilahleko ukuya kuxinzelelo olukhulu
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi, igcina uyilo kunye nokufomatha, iimpawu zokhuseleko
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ayiyilwanga ukuhlela umxholo weefoto
- Engcono kwi: Iipotifoliyo, ukuhanjiswa kwabathengi, ukupapasha ushicilelo, iincwadi zeefoto
Iifomathi zewebhu zangoku
Ezi fomati ezintsha zilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwewebhu, zibonelela nge-algorithms yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olugcina umgangatho ngelixa unciphisa ubungakanani befayile kumaxesha okulayisha ngokukhawuleza.
WebP
Iphuhliswe nguGoogle, iWebP ibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwimifanekiso yewebhu, enelahleko kunye neenketho ezilahlekileyo. Yenzelwe ukuthatha indawo yeJPEG, PNG, kunye neGIF kusetyenziso lwewebhu kunye neesayizi ezincinci zeefayile kumgangatho olinganayo.
- Ubunzulu beBit: 8-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko okanye ilahleko
- Izinto eziluncedo: I-25-35% encinci kuneJPEG kumgangatho olinganayo, ixhasa uphiliso kunye nokungafihli
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ayixhaswanga jikelele ngabo bonke abakhangeli beencwadi (ingakumbi abadala)
- Engcono kwi: Imifanekiso yewebhu, ngakumbi kwiisayithi ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza
AVIF
Ifomethi yeFayile yoMfanekiso yeAV1 (AVIF) yifomathi entsha esekwe kwikhowudi yevidiyo ye-AV1. Inika uphuculo olubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni koxinzelelo xa kuthelekiswa neJPEG, PNG, kunye neWebP.
- Ubunzulu beBit: 8 ukuya kwi-12-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko okanye ilahleko
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ukusebenza koxinzelelo oluphezulu, inkxaso ye-HDR, ukungafihli, umbala obanzi we-gamut
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Inkxaso yesikhangeli esilinganiselweyo, iimfuno eziphezulu zokubala ngekhowudi
- Engcono kwi: Umxholo wewebhu wesizukulwana esilandelayo, ukulungiswa kwewebhu okujoliswe kwixesha elizayo
HEIF/HEIC
IFomathi yoMfanekiso wokuSebenza ngokuPhakamileyo (i-HEIF) kunye noMgqomo woMfanekiso oFanelekileyo (HEIC) ziifomathi zemifanekiso zanamhlanje ezibonelela ngoxinzelelo olungcono kuneJPEG ngelixa ugcina umgangatho ophezulu. I-Apple yamkele i-HEIC njengefomati yekhamera engagqibekanga kwi-iOS 11.
- Ubunzulu beBit: 8 ukuya kwi-16-bit
- Uxinzelelo: Ukulahleka usebenzisa i-HEVC (H.265) iteknoloji
- Izinto eziluncedo: Malunga ne-50% encinci kuneJPEG kumgangatho olinganayo, ixhasa ukungafihli, oopopayi, kunye nemifanekiso emininzi.
- Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ukuhambelana okulinganiselweyo ngaphandle kwe-Apple ecosystem, ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza
- Engcono kwi: Abasebenzisi besixhobo se-Apple, ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kwemifanekiso ekumgangatho ophezulu
Uthelekiso lweFomathi yeFayile yeeMfuno zokuFota ezahlukeneyo
Ukukhetha ifomathi efanelekileyo yefayile kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho zokufota. Olu thelekiso lukunceda ukuba ukhethe eyona fomati ilungileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
| Sebenzisa Ityala | Ifomathi eCetyisiweyo | Indlela Engenye | Iingqwalasela ezingundoqo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuchwephesha bokuFota iifoto | RAW (ifomati yendalo yekhamera) | DNG | Ubuninzi bokugcinwa kwedatha ukulungiselela ukuguquguquka kokuhlela; gcina njengeenkosi zogcino |
| IiMasters ezihleliweyo/ ooVimba | TIFF (16-bit) | PSD, DNG | Ubulunga obungenalahleko, ukuhambelana okubanzi, ifomathi yobungqina bexesha elizayo |
| Shicilela uPapasho | I-TIFF | PDF, PSD | Ixhasa indawo yombala we-CMYK, ubunzulu obuphezulu, umgangatho woshishino |
| Upapasho lwewebhu | JPEG | WebP | Ibhalansi yomgangatho kunye nobukhulu befayile; WebP yeziza zangoku |
| Ukwabelana ngemidiya yoluntu | JPEG | PNG (yemibhalo/imizobo) | Uninzi lwamaqonga luphinda lucinezele ukulayisha kunjalo; kugxilwe kwimilinganiselo kunye ne-aspect ratios |
| UHlelo oluntsonkothileyo | PSD | I-TIFF enemaleko | Igcina iileya, iimaski, uhlengahlengiso, umbhalo, kunye nezinto ezikrelekrele |
| Imifanekiso eNgafihliyo | I-PNG | WebP | Ubulunga obungenalahleko ngenkxaso yetshaneli yealpha |
| Iimpawu kunye neMizobo | I-PNG | I-SVG (yemizobo yevektha) | Iincam ezibukhali, imibala eqingqiweyo, ukukhanya okunokwenzeka |
| UkuLayishwa kweWebhu ngokukhawuleza | WebP | IJPEG (yenziwe kakuhle) | Ifomathi yanamhlanje enomlinganiselo ongcono wokucinezela ukuya kumgangatho |
| IFoto ephathwayo | HEIC/JPEG | RAW (ukuba ikhona) | Ibhalansi phakathi komgangatho kunye nokuqwalaselwa kogcino |
| Unikezelo lwabathengi | JPEG (umgangatho ophezulu) | I-ZIP yeeJPEG okanye iPDF | Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo, umgangatho olungileyo |
| Iincwadi zeefoto/iiAlbham | JPEG (umgangatho ophezulu) | I-TIFF | Qwalasela iimfuno zenkonzo yoshicilelo; ezinye zifuna iifomati ezithile |
Ukudibanisa iiFomati zeFayile kuMsebenzi wakho wokuFota
Thatha: Qala nge-RAW
Nanini na kunokwenzeka, dubula ngefomathi RAW yekhamera yakho ukugcina ubuninzi bedatha yomfanekiso. Oku kukunika olona bhetyebhetye lukhulu ngexesha lokuhlela kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba unalo lonke ulwazi lwantlandlolo oluvela kwisivamvo sekhamera yakho. Ngomsebenzi ongabalulekanga kangako okanye xa ugcino lunqongophele, iJPEG ekumgangatho ophezulu yenye eyamkelekileyo.
Iingcebiso zePro:
- Cinga ngokusebenzisa iRAW+JPEG yokwabelana ngokukhawuleza ngelixa ugcina iRAW ukuze uhlele
- Seta ikhamera yakho enendawo yombala ofanelekileyo (iAdobe RGB okanye iProPhoto RGB) yegamut ebanzi
- Sebenzisa obona bukhulu besuntswana ubunzulu obukhoyo kwikhamera yakho kumgangatho ophezulu
Ngenisa ngaphandle kunye neBackup: Cinga ngokuGuqulela kwi-DNG
Xa ungenisa imifanekiso kwikhompyuter yakho, cinga ngokuguqula iifayile zeRAW zobunikazi kwifomathi ye-Adobe DNG ukuze zihambelane ngcono ixesha elide. Soloko usenza ii-backups ezininzi zeefayile zakho zoqobo nokuba zeziphi na ifomathi. Lungiselela iifayile zakho kunye nengqungquthela yamagama ehambelanayo equka imihla kunye nemetadata efanelekileyo.
Iingcebiso zePro:
- Seta ukuguqulwa kwe-DNG ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lokungenisa kwi-Lightroom ukuba usebenzisa i-ecosystem ye-Adobe
- Sebenzisa “ifayile elungiselwe iRAW yoqobo” xa uguqulela kwi-DNG ukugcina yonke idatha yoqobo
- Sebenzisa i-3-2-1 isicwangciso sokugcina: iikopi ze-3, iintlobo ze-2 ezahlukeneyo zemidiya, indawo e-1 ngaphandle kwendawo
Hlela ngokungonakalisi
Sebenzisa iindlela zokuhlela ezingonakalisi ezigcina idatha yomfanekiso wokuqala. Uninzi lwesoftware yobuchwephesha njengeAdobe Lightroom, Capture One, kunye neDxO PhotoLab isebenza ngokungonakalisi ngeefayile zeRAW. Kuhlelo oluphucukileyo kwiPhotoshop, sebenzisa iileya zohlengahlengiso, izinto ezikrelekrele, kunye neemaski zomaleko ukugcina ukuhlelwa.
Iingcebiso zePro:
- Gcina iifayile zePhotoshop njengePSD okanye TIFF ezinomaleko ukugcina ukuhlelwa okupheleleyo
- Sebenzisa izinto ezikrelekrele xa uzisa iifayile zeRAW kwiPhotoshop ukugcina amandla okuhlela eRAW
- Yenza iikopi ezibonakalayo kwisoftware yekhathalogu ukuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlela
Gcina IiFayile Ezihleliweyo eziPhambili
Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wakho ophambili wokuhlela, gcina iifayile eziphambili kwifomati ekumgangatho ophezulu egcina wonke umsebenzi wakho wokuhlela. Kuhlelo olusekwe kumaleko, sebenzisa i-PSD okanye i-TIFF enomaleko. Kuhlelo olusekwe kwikhathalogu (I-Lightroom, Capture One), cinga ukuthumela ngaphandle iikopi eziphambili njenge-16-bit yeefayile ze-TIFF ngeenjongo zogcino.
Iingcebiso zePro:
- Sebenzisa ubunzulu bombala we-16-bit kwiifayile eziphambili ukunqanda ibhendi enokubakho ngexesha lokuhlelwa okungakumbi
- Khetha iProPhoto RGB okanye iAdobe RGB indawo yombala kowona mbala ubanzi wegamut
- Sebenzisa i-Lossless compression (ZIP) kwiifayile ze-TIFF ukugcina indawo ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho
Ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo
Yenza ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwenjongo ethile kwiifayile zakho eziphambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwewebhu, thumela ngaphandle iiJPEGs ezilungiselelweyo okanye iifayile zeWebP. Ukuprinta, sebenzisa i-TIFF okanye i-JPEG ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye neeprofayili zombala ezifanelekileyo. Kubathengi, qwalasela iimfuno zabo ezithile kunye nezakhono zobugcisa xa ukhetha iifomathi.
Iingcebiso zePro:
- Yenza useto lokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zemveliso (iwebhu, ushicilelo, unikezelo lwabaxhasi)
- Kwimifanekiso yewebhu, sebenzisa isithuba sombala we-sRGB kumbala ongaguqukiyo kuzo zonke izikhangeli
- Hlaziya ubungakanani bemifanekiso ngokufanelekileyo kusetyenziso olucetyiweyo ukuze kunyuswe ixesha lokulayisha kunye nomgangatho
- Cinga ngokusebenzisa iWebP yewebhusayithi yakho ukuba abaphulaphuli ojolise kubo basebenzisa izikhangeli zanamhlanje
Ugcino-nkcukacha Wexesha elide
Phuhlisa isicwangciso sogcino lwexesha elide lomsebenzi wakho wokufota. Gcina iifayile zeRAW/DNG zoqobo, kunye neefayile zakho ezihleliweyo (PSD/TIFF). Qwalasela ubomi obude beefomati ozikhethileyo kunye nesoftware efunekayo ukufikelela kuzo kwixesha elizayo.
Iingcebiso zePro:
- Bandakanya iifayile ze-XMP ze-sidecar okanye i-metadata efakwe ngamagama angundoqo, i-copyright, kunye neenkcazo
- Ngamaxesha athile fuduka oovimba kwimidiya entsha yokugcina ukuthintela ukuthotywa kwedatha
- Cinga ngokwenza iikopi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zeJPEG ecaleni kweefomathi zobunini zobungqina bexesha elizayo
- Bhala inkqubo yombutho wakho ukuze uyisebenzise kwixesha elizayo
IiNdlela eziPhambili kwiFomathi yeFayile kuMfoti
Ukuguqula phakathi kweeFomathi
Xa uguqula phakathi kweefomathi, landela le migaqo ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu:
- Ukunciphisa inani loguqulo ukunqanda ilahleko yobulunga eyongezelekayo
- Soloko uguqulela kowona mgangatho uphezulu wefayile yemvelaphi
- Xa uguqulela kwi-RAW, yenza lonke uhlelo olukhulu ngaphambi kokuba uguqulele kwiifomati ezilahlekileyo
- Sebenzisa isoftware efanelekileyo ephethe iiprofayili zemibala ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha loguqulo
- Ungaze uyigcine ngokuphindaphindiweyo iJPEG njengoko iza kuthotywa ngokugcina nganye
- Ukulungiselela iwebhu, sebenzisa izixhobo ezizinikeleyo ezibonelela ngomgangatho wokuqala
Ulawulo lweSithuba soMbala
Iifomathi ezahlukeneyo zefayile zixhasa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zemibala, ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu inkangeleko yomfanekiso wakho kuzo zonke izixhobo:
- Sebenzisa iProPhoto RGB okanye iAdobe RGB xa uhlela owona mbala uphezulu wegamut
- Guqula kwi-sRGB yokwabelana ngewebhu kunye nemidiya yoluntu
- Sebenzisa iiprofayile zombala ezifanelekileyo zoshicilelo (ngokuqhelekileyo iAdobe RGB okanye iCMYK)
- Lungiselela iiprofayile zombala kwiifayile zakho ukwenzela unikezelo lombala olungaguqukiyo
- Linganisa imonitha yakho rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lombala
- Qaphela ukuba ezinye iifomati (ezifana neeJPEG ezithile) zinokungazixhasi izithuba zemibala ebanzi-gamut
UGcino kunye noLondolozo lweeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo
Izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokugcina ziqinisekisa ukuba imifanekiso yakho ihlala ifikeleleka kwaye ilungile iminyaka ezayo:
- Gcina iifayile zeRAW kwaye uhlele kakuhle kwiidrive ezahlukeneyo kwiifayile zokusebenza
- Sebenzisa iifomati ezivulekileyo, ezixhaswa ngokubanzi (DNG, TIFF) kugcino lwexesha elide
- Yenza isicwangciso semethadatha kunye namagama angundoqo ahambelanayo, ukulinganisa, kunye neenkcazo
- Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwefayile ngexesha
- Cwangcisa ukufuduka kwefomati rhoqo njengoko itekhnoloji iguquka
- Bhala inkqubo yakho yombutho kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi ukuze ubhekisele kwixesha elizayo
- Qwalasela izisombululo zokugcina ilifu kunye nembali yoguqulelo lomsebenzi obalulekileyo
Ukulungiselela iNtsebenzo
Ukulinganisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza ukugcina ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo:
- Sebenzisa imiboniso ehlakaniphileyo okanye iifayile zeproxy ukuze uhlele ngokukhawuleza iifayile ezinkulu zeRAW
- Guqula ngokukhethayo ube yiDNG ukuphucula ukusebenza kwekhathalogu kwisoftware yeAdobe
- Sebenzisa useto loxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile
- Yenza iiJPEGs eziphuculweyo zokuqinisekisa abathengi ukuphucula isantya sonikezelo
- Qwalasela ifomathi yefayile xa uyila i-automated processing workflows
- Vavanya iisetingi zefomathi ezahlukeneyo ukuze ufumane umlinganiselo wakho womgangatho wokusebenza
ULungiselelo lweWebhu kunye neNtlalo yeNtlalo
Lungiselela imifanekiso yakho ukuze wabelane ngedijithali ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho obonwayo:
- Sebenzisa useto lomgangatho weJPEG phakathi kwe-70-85% ngomlinganiselo obalaseleyo womgangatho ukuya kubungakanani
- Cinga ngeWebP yewebhusayithi yakho ukuphucula amaxesha okulayisha
- Hlaziya imifanekiso ibe yimilinganiselo efanelekileyo kumxholo wabo wokubonisa
- Sebenzisa iiJPEGs eziqhubelekayo ukuze ufumane amava okulayisha abonwa ngcono
- Khulula imetadata engeyomfuneko ukuze ulayishe ngokukhawuleza (kodwa gcina ulwazi lwelungelo lokushicilela)
- Yamkela iqonga elithile elilungiselelwe (i-Instagram, i-Facebook, njl.)
- Sebenzisa ii-CDN zemifanekiso yangoku ezinokusebenzela iifomati ezilungiselelwe ngokusekwe kwinkxaso yesikhangeli
Ulawulo lweMetadata
Lawula ngokufanelekileyo imetadata yomfanekiso kwiifomati ezahlukeneyo:
- Yongeza i-copyright kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano kuyo yonke imifanekiso esasaziweyo
- Sebenzisa amagama angundoqo angaguqukiyo ukuze ukhangeleke ngcono kwikhathalogu yakho
- Qaphela ukuba ezinye iifomati zigcina imetadata eninzi kunezinye
- Bandakanya idatha yendawo yenkangeleko yelizwe kunye neefoto zokuhamba xa kufanelekile
- Uxwebhu lweenkcukacha zobugcisa ezinokuba luncedo kuhlelo oluzayo
- Qwalasela iimpembelelo zabucala xa usabelana ngemifanekiso enedatha egxininisiweyo yendawo
- Qonda ukuba isoftware eyahlukileyo iyiphatha njani imetadata ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwefomathi
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neeFomati zeFayile yeFoto
Ngaba kufuneka ndihlale ndidubula ngefomathi ye-RAW?
Ngelixa iRAW ibonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okuhlela, akusoloko kuyimfuneko kuyo yonke imeko. I-RAW ilungele umsebenzi wobuchwephesha, umngeni kwiimeko zokukhanya, okanye xa kufuneka ulawulo oluphezulu lokuhlela. IJPEG inokwanela ukufota okuqhelekileyo, iimeko apho ufuna ukufota okukhawulezileyo, unokugcinwa okulinganiselweyo, okanye ufuna ukwabelana ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali ezininzi zisebenzisa iRAW+JPEG ukuba nazo zombini iinketho ezikhoyo.
Kutheni imibala yam ibonakala yahlukile xa ndisabelana ngemifanekiso kwi-intanethi?
Umahluko wemibala kwi-intanethi unokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: ukuguqulwa kwendawo yombala engafanelekanga (engaguqukiyo kwi-sRGB yokusetyenziswa kwewebhu), iiprofayili zombala ongekhoyo, ulawulo lwemibala yesikhangeli esahlukileyo, ukulinganiswa komboniso okwahlukeneyo, kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokusebenza kweqonga leendaba zentlalo. Ukunciphisa le miba, hlala uguqulela kwisithuba sombala we-sRGB, faka iiprofayili zemibala, sebenzisa isoftware enolawulo olufanelekileyo lwemibala, kwaye ujonge imifanekiso yakho kwizixhobo ezininzi ngaphambi kokwabelana.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo olulahlekileyo kunye nolungenalahleko?
Ukunyanzeliswa okungalahlekiyo kunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngaphandle kokulahla nayiphi na idatha yomfanekiso, ukuvumela ukwakhiwa kwakhona ngokugqibeleleyo komfanekiso wokuqala (imizekelo: PNG, TIFF kunye ne-ZIP compression). Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Lossy kulahla ngokusisigxina idatha yomfanekiso ukuphumeza ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci (imizekelo: JPEG, WebP kwimodi yokulahleka). I-Lossless ilungele ukusebenza kweefayile kunye nokugcinwa, ngelixa ilahleko ifanelekile ukuhanjiswa kokugqibela xa ubukhulu befayile bubalulekile. Umahluko ophambili kukuba ucinezelo lwelahleko alunakujikwa ukubuyisela idatha yoqobo yomfanekiso.
Ngaba kufuneka ndiguqule iifayile zam zeRAW kwifomati ye-DNG?
Ukuguqulela kwi-DNG kuneenzuzo ezininzi: ukuphuculwa kokuhambelana kwexesha elide njengomgangatho ovulekileyo, ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci kunye noxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa, imethadatha edibeneyo engadingi fayile ze-sidecar, kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwi-software ye-Adobe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuqwalaselwa: ukuguqulwa kuthatha ixesha, idatha ethile yekhamera inokulahleka, kwaye ayizizo zonke iisoftware ezixhasa ngokupheleleyo i-DNG. Uninzi lwabafoti luguqulela kwi-DNG ngeenjongo zogcino ngelixa begcina iifayile ze-RAW zoqobo njengogcino.
Yeyiphi eyona fomati ilungileyo yokuprinta iifoto zam?
Kushicilelo lobuchwephesha, i-TIFF ithathwa njengeyona fomati igqwesileyo njengoko igcina umgangatho opheleleyo kwaye ixhasa ubunzulu bombala we-16-bit kunye nezithuba ezahlukeneyo zemibala. Kwiilebhu zeefoto zabathengi, umgangatho ophezulu weJPEG (umgangatho we-90-100%) udla ngokwaneleyo kwaye wamkelwa ngokubanzi. Xa ulungiselela iifayile zokuprinta, sebenzisa isithuba sombala we-Adobe RGB kwi-gamut ebanzi, qinisekisa isisombululo esifanelekileyo (i-300 PPI isemgangathweni), kwaye ukhangele iimfuno ezithile zenkonzo yakho yokushicilela njengoko zinokuba nokukhethwa kwefomathi okanye imida.
Ndiyenza njani imifanekiso yewebhusayithi yam ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomgangatho?
Ukwandisa imifanekiso yewebhu ngelixa ugcina umgangatho oqondwayo: yenza ubungakanani bemifanekiso kwimilinganiselo eyiyo efunekayo (ungathembeli kumlinganiselo wesikhangeli), sebenzisa iJPEG kwi-70-80% yomgangatho weefoto, qwalasela ifomathi yeWebP yeziphequluli zanamhlanje, sebenzisa i-PNG yemizobo ebhaliweyo okanye ekuhleni, sebenzisa imifanekiso ephendulayo enobukhulu obuninzi, sebenzisa i-CDN engezantsi yokulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ithathele ingqalelo i-CDN yokulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo. Izixhobo ezifana ne-ImageOptim, i-Squoosh, okanye i-ShortPixel inokunceda ukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi komgangatho kunye nobukhulu befayile.
Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-8-bit kunye ne-16-bit imifanekiso?
Ubunzulu beBit bubhekisa kubungakanani bolwazi lombala olugcinwe kwitshaneli nganye kumfanekiso. Imifanekiso ye-8-bit igcina amanqanaba angama-256 kwitshaneli nganye (i-16.7 yezigidi zemibala enokwenzeka), ngelixa imifanekiso ye-16-bit igcina amanqanaba angama-65,536 ngetshaneli nganye (iibhiliyoni zemibala enokwenzeka). Inzuzo esebenzayo ye-16-bit i-gradients egudileyo kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kokuhlela ngaphambi kokuba ibhendi ebonakalayo okanye i-posterization yenzeke. Sebenzisa i-16-bit ngexesha lokuhlela kunye neefayile eziphambili, ngakumbi xa usenza uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo ekuvezweni, umbala, okanye ithoni. Ukuhanjiswa kokugqibela, i-8-bit idla ngokwaneleyo njengoko uninzi lwezixhobo zokubonisa zinokubonisa umbala we-8-bit kuphela.
Ndingazigcina njani ngokukhuselekileyo iifoto zam amashumi eminyaka?
Ukugcinwa kwexesha elide: gcina iifayile ze-RAW / DNG zangaphambili kunye neenkosi ezihleliweyo (TIFF / PSD), sebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi zokugcina (iidrayivu zangaphandle, ukugcinwa kwefu, i-archival optical media), sebenzisa i-3-2-1 isicwangciso sokugcina, ukugcina iidrayivu kwiindawo ezilawulwa yimozulu, jonga rhoqo ingqibelelo yokugcina i-archive kunye ne-checksums, ukufudukela kwifomathi entsha yokugcinwa, i-D5 yokugcina imidiya evulekileyo, i-D5 evulekileyo yogcino lweendaba, i-D5-7 i-media media, i-DFF. xhoma imethadatha ebanzi (i-copyright, amagama angundoqo, iinkcazo), gcina inkqubo yekhathalogu, kwaye ubhale umbutho wakho wokugcina ireferensi kwixesha elizayo. Ukuqinisekiswa rhoqo kunye nokufuduka kubalulekile njengoko yonke imidiya yokugcina iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Lawula indlela yakho yokuFota
Ukuqonda iifomathi zefayile sisiqwengana nje esinye sephazili yokufota. Jonga ezinye izikhokelo zethu ezibanzi zokuphakamisa izakhono zakho kwaye ulungelelanise ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi ukusuka ekubanjweni ukuya kushicilelo.