Gqibezela iSikhokelo sokuthelekisa iKhodekhi yevidiyo
Uhlalutyo olubanzi lweekhowudi zevidiyo zanamhlanje ezibandakanya i-H.264 / AVC, H.265 / HEVC, VP9, AV1, kunye nokunye. Fumana icodec efanelekileyo yokusasaza kwakho, imveliso, okanye iimfuno zokugcina.
Isiqulatho
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Intshayelelo kwiiCodecs zeVidiyo
Funda iziseko zoxinzelelo lwevidiyo kunye nokuba kutheni iicodecs zibalulekile ekusasazeni nasekugcinweni.
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Isishwankathelo seKhodekhi zeVidiyo ezingundoqo
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwe-H.264 / AVC, H.265 / HEVC, VP9, AV1, kunye nezinye iikhowudi zevidiyo ezibalulekileyo.
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Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iCodec
Uthelekiso lwecala-ngecala lobuchwephesha bokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo, umgangatho, kunye nokuhambelana.
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Ukuvela kweeCodecs zeVidiyo
Uphuhliso lwembali kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwitekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwevidiyo.
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Sebenzisa Amatyala kunye neeNgcebiso
Yeyiphi i-codec esebenza kakuhle ukusasaza, imveliso, ukugcina, kunye nezinye iimeko ezithile.
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I-Technical Deep Dive
Uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha olukwizinga eliphezulu lekhowudi zangaphakathi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-bitrate, kunye neendlela zokufaka iikhowudi.
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Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Iimpendulo kwimibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga nokukhethwa kwekhowudi yevidiyo, ukuhambelana, kunye nokusebenza.
Intshayelelo kwiiCodecs zeVidiyo
Iicodecs zevidiyo zisisiseko sobugcisa bevidiyo yedijithali, eyenza ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa komxholo wevidiyo kwiiplatifti ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga ezona codec zevidiyo zibalulekileyo ezikhoyo namhlanje, thelekisa amandla kunye nobuthathaka bazo, kwaye sikuncede ukhethe icodec efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
Nokuba ungumyili womxholo, umboneleli wenkonzo yokusasaza, okanye unomdla nje wokuba iividiyo zakho ozithandayo zifikelela njani kwiscreen sakho, ukuqonda iicodecs zevidiyo kubalulekile kwinkqubo yendalo yedijithali yanamhlanje.
Kutheni iiCodecs zeVidiyo zibalulekile
Iikhowudi zevidiyo (i-compression/decompression algorithms) zisebenza njengomqolo wokusasazwa kwevidiyo yedijithali, eyenza ukuba ividiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu igcinwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ihanjiswe kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi ane-bandwidth elinganiselwe. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-codec lunokuchaphazela kakhulu:
Ubungakanani beFayile
Ii-codecs zanamhlanje zinokunciphisa ubungakanani beefayile zevidiyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50-80% xa kuthelekiswa neefomathi ezindala ngelixa zigcina umgangatho wokubonwayo.
Ukuhambelana
Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga axhasa ii-codecs ezahlukeneyo, ezichaphazela ukuba zingabukelwa phi kwaye njani iividiyo zakho.
Umgangatho Wokusingathwa
Ii-codecs ezisebenzayo zivumela isisombululo esiphezulu kunye nokusasazwa komgangatho ongcono nakuqhagamshelo lwe-bandwidth elinganiselweyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
Ezinye ii-codecs zifuna amandla angaphezulu okusebenza ukuze acacise, achaphazele ngqo ubomi bebhetri kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.
Uxinzelelo lwevidiyo lusebenza ngokususa idatha ebonakalayo engafunekiyo ngeendlela ezingenakubonwa ngamehlo abantu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ubuchule obahlukeneyo kuquka:
- Uxinzelelo lwendawo: Ukunciphisa ukungafuneki phakathi kwezakhelo zomntu ngamnye
- Uxinzelelo lwexeshana: Ukugcina kuphela umahluko phakathi kwezakhelo ezilandelelanayo
- Ikhowudi ye-Entropy: Ukusebenzisa iindlela zamanani ukumela iipatheni eziqhelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo
- Isampulu zeChroma: Ukunciphisa ulwazi lombala apho amehlo omntu angakhathaleli kangako
Njengoko sithelekisa ii-codecs ezahlukeneyo kuso sonke esi sikhokelo, siza kuphonononga ukuba nganye izisebenzisa njani ezi zixhobo kunye nesiphumo sorhwebo phakathi komgangatho wokubonwayo, ukusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo, kunye neemfuno zokubala.
Isishwankathelo seKhodekhi zeVidiyo ezingundoqo
H.264 / AVC
I-H.264 (iKhowudi yeVidiyo ePhezulu) ihlala iyeyona codec yevidiyo ixhaswe ngokubanzi kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye namaqonga. Iphuhliswe yi-ITU-T yeQela leeNgcali zeKhowudi yevidiyo kunye ne-ISO/IEC MPEG, inika ibhalansi egqwesileyo phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo kunye nobunzima bokubhala.
- Ixhaswa phantse zonke izixhobo kunye nezikhangeli
- Ukukhawuleziswa kwe-Hardware kufumaneka ngokubanzi
- Ibhalansi elungileyo yomgangatho kunye noxinzelelo
- Iimfuno ezisezantsi zokubala
H.265 / HEVC
I-H.265 (i-High Efficiency Video Coding) ngumlandeli we-H.264, enikezela malunga ne-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kwizinga elifanayo lomgangatho. Isebenza ngakumbi kumxholo we-4K kunye ne-HDR, nangona ifuna amandla okuqhubela phambili ngakumbi ukuze ikhowudi kunye nekhowudi.
- I-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-H.264
- Igqwesileyo kumxholo we-4K kunye ne-HDR
- Ukukhulisa inkxaso yehardware kwizixhobo ezitsha
- Inkxaso yesisombululo se-8K
VP9
Iphuhliswe nguGoogle, i-VP9 ingenye ye-royalty-free kwi-H.265 kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo. Ixhaswa ngokubanzi kwizikhangeli zewebhu kwaye ibe yikhowudi ye-YouTube eqhelekileyo, enikezela ngoxinzelelo olungcono kakhulu kune-H.264.
- Umgangatho ovulekileyo wamahala
- Inkxaso yebhrawuza egqwesileyo
- Ukusebenza okufanayo kwi-H.265 / HEVC
- Isetyenziswa nguYouTube kunye namanye amaqonga ewebhu
AV1
I-AV1 yikhowudi yevidiyo evulekileyo evulekileyo ephuhliswe yi-Alliance ye-Open Media (AOMedia), eyenzelwe ukuphumelela i-VP9 kwaye ikhuphisane ne-HEVC. Inika malunga ne-30% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-VP9 kunye ne-H.265 / HEVC ngexabiso le-encoding complexity ephezulu kakhulu.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yocinezelo ekhoyo ngoku
- Akukho ntlawulo-mali kunye nenkxaso yoshishino olubanzi
- I-browser ekhulayo kunye nenkxaso yeqonga
- Yamkelwa ngokwandayo ziinkonzo ezinkulu zokusasaza
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iCodec
| Uphawu | H.264 (AVC) | H.265 (HEVC) | VP9 | AV1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukunyanzeliswa ngokuSebenzayo | Isiseko | ~50% ngcono kuneH.264 | ~50% ngcono kuneH.264 | ~ 30% engcono kune-HEVC / VP9 |
| Isantya soFakelo lweekhowudi | Ukukhawuleza | Cotha | Ucotha kakhulu | Ucotha kakhulu |
| Ukucacisa i-Complexity | Phantsi | Phakathi | Phakathi | Phezulu |
| Inkxaso yeHardware | Universal | Ilungile (izixhobo ezitsha) | Ilinganiselwe | Esakhulayo |
| Inkxaso yebhrawuza | Zonke iibhrawuza | Inyinwe (Safari, Edge) | Iibhrawuza ezinkulu | Ukukhula (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) |
| Inkxaso yeselula | Zonke izixhobo | Uninzi lwezixhobo ezitsha | Igxile kwi-Android | Kulinganiselwe, ukuphucula |
| IsiGqibo esiphezulu | 8K (ayifane isetyenziswe) | 8K | 8K | 8K+ |
| Inkxaso ye-HDR | Ilinganiselwe | Egqwesileyo | Kulungile | Egqwesileyo |
| Ukukhutshwa kwelayisensi | I-patent royalties | I-patent royalties (phezulu) | IRoyalty-free | IRoyalty-free |
| Unyaka Wakhululwa | 2003 | 2013 | 2013 | 2018 |
| Uphuhliso | MPEG/ITU | MPEG/ITU | I-Alliance ye-Open Media |
Qaphela: Uthelekiso olusebenzayo loxinzelelo luqikelelo kwaye lunokwahluka ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomxholo, useto lwe-encoding, kunye nokuphunyezwa. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo ye-AV1 yesiqhelo iza nokuntsonkotha okuphezulu kakhulu kwekhowudi, iyenza ifaneleke ngakumbi umxholo oza kufakwa ngekhowudi kube kanye kwaye udlalwe amaxesha amaninzi.
Ukuvela kweeCodecs zeVidiyo
Itekhnoloji ye-codec yevidiyo iye yavela kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka, isizukulwana ngasinye izisa uphuculo olukhulu ekusebenzeni koxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho wokubonwayo. Ukuqonda olu tshintsho kubonelela ngomxholo obalulekileyo wokuvavanya iinketho zanamhlanje kunye nokulindela uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
IMPEG-1 kunye neMPEG-2
Imigangatho yokuqala yevidiyo yedijithali, iMPEG-2 yaba sisiseko sevidiyo yeDVD kunye nosasazo lukamabonakude wedijithali. Ezi codec zakuqala zaseka iindlela ezisisiseko zokucinezela ividiyo yanamhlanje.
H.264/AVC
Uphawu oluphawulekayo kuxinzelelo lwevidiyo, i-H.264 inike uphuculo oluphuculweyo kakhulu kwi-MPEG-2, ivumela ukusasazwa kwevidiyo ye-HD kunye neediski ze-Blu-ray. Ihlala iyeyona codec ixhaswayo jikelele phantse kumashumi amabini eminyaka kamva.
VP8
UGoogle ufumene kwaye wakhulula iVP8 njengenye indlela evulekileyo kwi-H.264. Ngelixa ingazange ifumane ukwamkelwa okufanayo, iye yabeka isiseko sophuhliso lwekhowudi yamva kaGoogle kunye nentshukumo yekhowudi yasebukhosini.
I-H.265 / HEVC kunye ne-VP9
Ezi codecs ezikhuphisanayo zavela ngaxeshanye, zombini zibonelela malunga ne-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-H.264. I-HEVC igxile ekusasazeni nakwizicelo zobungcali ngelixa i-VP9 ifumene i-niche yayo kwividiyo yewebhu.
AV1
Iphuhliswe yi-Alliance ye-Open Media (kuquka i-Google, i-Mozilla, i-Netflix, i-Amazon), i-AV1 idibanisa izinto ezingcono kakhulu ze-VP9 kunye nezinye ii-codecs zokulinga ukwenza umgangatho ongenanto yobukhosi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
H.266/VVC
I-Versatile Video Coding (VVC) ngumlandeli we-HEVC, enikezela malunga ne-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-HEVC / H.265. Ngokuyintloko ijolise kwisisombululo se-8K, umxholo we-HDR, kunye nosetyenziso lwevidiyo olukumgangatho ophezulu.
AV2 & AI-based Codecs
Isizukulwana esilandelayo see-codecs siya kuthi sibandakanye ukufunda koomatshini kunye nothungelwano lwe-neural ukuphumeza impumelelo enkulu ngakumbi yoxinzelelo, kunye nophuhliso olusele luqhubekile kwi-AV1’s.
IiNdlela eziPhambili kwi-Codec Evolution
Iipateni ezininzi ezicacileyo ziye zavela njengoko itekhnoloji ye-codec yevidiyo ihambele phambili:
Ukuphumelela Ukuphumelela
Isizukulwana esitsha ngasinye sibonelela nge-30-50% yokunciphisa i-bitrate kumgangatho ofanayo xa kuthelekiswa nowandulelayo.
Ukukhula kobunzima
Ukuntsokotha kwekhowudi kunyuka kakhulu kwisizukulwana ngasinye, kufuna izixhobo ezingaphezulu zokubala.
Vula vs. Ubunikazi
Uxinzelelo phakathi kwemigangatho efakwe kwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza (H.264/H.265) kunye nezinye iindlela ezingenanto yakwenza nobukhosi (VP9/AV1) ibumbe ubume bendawo.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-AI
Ukufunda ngoomatshini kudityaniswa kwii-codecs ezintsha ukwenzela izigqibo zoxinzelelo ezikrelekrele.
Sebenzisa Amatyala kunye neeNgcebiso
Usetyenziso lwevidiyo olwahlukileyo luneemfuno ezizodwa, kwaye eyona codec ilungileyo ixhomekeke kwimeko yakho yosetyenziso. Nalu uhlahlelo lwethu lokuba zeziphi iicodecs ezigqwesileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuhambelana, umgangatho, kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngempumelelo.
Ukusasazwa kweVidiyo yeWebhu
Kwiqonga levidiyo esekwe kwiwebhu, ukhetho lwe-codec kufuneka lulungelelanise ukusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo kunye nokuhambelana kwesikhangeli esibanzi. Ukusasaza iinketho ezininzi ze-codec ngokusasaza okuguquguqukayo yindlela ecetyiswayo.
H.264 VP9 AV1Ividiyo ephathwayo
Izixhobo eziphathwayo zine-bandwidth elinganiselweyo kunye namandla okusebenza. Ukwenziwa kweekhowuwudi okukhawulezileyo kwi-Hardware kubalulekile kubomi bebhetri, okwenza ii-codecs ezixhaswa ngokubanzi zikhetheke ngaphandle korhwebo olucinezelayo.
H.264 H.265Umxholo we-4K/HDR
Isisombululo esiphezulu, umxholo ophezulu-oguqukayo ufuna i-codecs ene-compression egqwesileyo yokugcina ubungakanani beefayile kunye neemfuno ze-bandwidth ezilawulekayo ngelixa ugcina umgangatho obonakalayo.
H.265 VP9 AV1Ukuveliswa kweVidiyo
Ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi wemveliso, ii-codecs kufuneka zilungelelanise umgangatho, ukuhlela-ubuhlobo, kunye nempumelelo yokubala. Iingcali ezininzi zisebenzisa ii-codecs ezikhethekileyo zokuvelisa ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kokugqibela.
IiProRes DNxHD H.264 (i-bitrate ephezulu)Usasazo lukamabonakude
Usasazo luneemfuno ezithile zokuthembeka, umgangatho, kunye nokuhambelana neziseko ezikhoyo. Imigangatho yeshishini kunye nemimiselo ihlala iyalela ukhetho lwekhowudi.
MPEG-2 H.264 H.265Ukusasazwa komdlalo
Umdlalo welifu kunye neenkonzo zokusasazwa komdlalo zidinga ii-codecs ezibonelela nge-latency ephantsi, i-encoding ekhawulezayo, kunye nokomelela kumxholo ontsonkothileyo, otshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinto ezincinci zakudala.
H.264 H.265 AV1Ububanzi obuphantsi
Kwiimeko ezinomlinganiselo onzima we-bandwidth, njengothungelwano oluphathwayo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ezona codecs zisebenzayo zibonelela ngowona mlinganiselo ubalaseleyo we-bitrate ngaphandle kokuntsonkotha okuphezulu kwekhowudi.
AV1 H.265Iikhamera zoKhuseleko
Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kufuneka zilungelelanise ukurekhoda okuqhubekayo kunye nemida yokugcina, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubeka phambili ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kwexesha elide ngaphezu komgangatho obonakalayo opheleleyo.
H.264 H.265Ukugcinwa kooVimba
Ukugcina ixesha elide, ii-codecs kufuneka zilinganise ukusebenza koxinzelelo kunye nobungqina bexesha elizayo kunye nokufumaneka kwe-decoder. Ezinye izicelo zisebenzisa ii-codecs ezingalahlekanga ukunqanda ukuthotywa komgangatho.
H.265 FFV1 (ayilahlekanga) IiProResUsetyenziswa nini iiCodecs ezintsha
- Xa indawo yokugcina okanye i-bandwidth inqandeke kakhulu
- Ngomxholo oza kufakwa ngekhowudi kube kanye kodwa udlalwe amaxesha amaninzi
- Xa kujoliswe kumaqonga athile kunye nenkxaso ye-codec eyaziwayo
- Ukulungiswa okuphezulu (4K / 8K) kunye nomxholo ophezulu woluhlu oluguquguqukayo
- Xa ixesha leekhowudi lingeyonto ibalulekileyo
UHlala nini ne-H.264
- Xa isixhobo esiphezulu kunye nokuhambelana kweqonga kuyadingeka
- Ngeemeko zokhowudo oluphilayo kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zekhompyuter
- Xa isantya sekhowudi sibaluleke ngaphezu kobukhulu befayile
- Ngomxholo onokusasazwa okulinganiselweyo okanye ubomi obufutshane
- Xa kujoliswe kwizixhobo ezindala ngaphandle kokukhawuleziswa kwehardware yeekhowudi ezintsha
I-Technical Deep Dive
Kwabo banomdla kwiindlela ezisisiseko zee-codecs zevidiyo zanamhlanje, eli candelo liphonononga iziseko zobugcisa kunye nezinto ezintsha ezivumela ukunyanzeliswa okusebenzayo ngelixa ugcina umgangatho wokubonwayo.
IiNdlela zokuNxinzelela eziPhambili kwiiCodecs zale mihla
Uxinzelelo lwevidiyo luxhomekeke kwiindlela ezininzi ezisisiseko eziye zavela kakhulu kwizizukulwana zecodec. Ukuqonda le migaqo ingundoqo kunceda ukucacisa umahluko osebenzayo phakathi kwee-codecs:
Uxinzelelo lwesithuba (Intra-frame)
Zonke iikhowudi zale mihla zicinezela izakhelo zomntu ngamnye zisebenzisa ikhowudi yokuguqula, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeDiscrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Le nkqubo iguqula idatha ye-pixel yendawo kwi-coefficients rhoqo, ivumela ulwazi olungabonakaliyo ukuba lugcinwe ngamasuntswana ambalwa.
- H.264 isebenzisa i-4×4 kunye ne-8×8 i-DCT iguqula
- H.265 ukwandisa ukuya kuguqulo olukhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32 × 32) ukwenzela ucinezelo olusebenzayo lweendawo ezineenkcukacha
- VP9 isebenzisa utshintsho ukusuka 4 × 4 ukuya 32 × 32
- AV1 Yongeza uguqulo olungaguqukiyo kwaye unokusebenzisa uguqulo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-64 × 64, evumela ukulungelelaniswa okungcono kumxholo.
Uxinzelelo lwexeshana (I-Inter-frame)
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yoxinzelelo ivela ekusebenziseni ukufana phakathi kwezakhelo ezilandelelanayo. Kunokuba ugcine isakhelo ngasinye ngokupheleleyo, ii-codecs zigcina iivektha ezishukumayo kunye nomahluko oshiyekileyo:
- H.264 isebenzisa ubungakanani bebhloko eguquguqukayo ukusuka kwi-16×16 ukuya kwi-4×4 yembuyekezo yentshukumo
- H.265 yazisa ukwahlula okuguquguqukayo ngakumbi kunye ne-Coding Tree Units (CTUs) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-64×64, enokwahlulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwisakhiwo se-quadtree
- VP9 ixhasa isikimu sokwahlulahlula kwebhloko efanayo nge “superblocks” ukuya kuthi ga kwi64×64.
- AV1 yongeza iinketho zokwahlula ngakumbi ezibandakanya ukwahlulwa kwe-asymmetric kunye neendlela zokuxela kwangaphambili
Iindlela Zokuqikelela
Iindlela zokuxela kwangaphambili zinceda ii-codecs ukuba zilindele umxholo ngaphandle kokuwugcina ngokucacileyo:
- Intra-prediction: Iqikelela iibhloko kwiipixels ezingabamelwane esele zihlaziywe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esinye
- Inter-prediction: Iqikelela iibhloko kwizakhelo ezicatshulwe ngaphambili
- Uqikelelo lwamacala amabini: Uqikelele usebenzisa izakhelo zangaphambili nezexesha elizayo
Ii-codecs ezintsha zazisa iindlela zokuxela kwangaphambili ezinobunkunkqele, kunye ne-AV1 enikezela nge-56 yeendlela ze-intra-prediction xa kuthelekiswa ne-H.264’s 9 kunye ne-HEVC’s 35.
Ukuqonda koBugcisa: Iinzuzo ezimangalisayo zokuphumelela kwiikhowudi zale mihla ubukhulu becala zivela kulwahlulo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nezikimu zokuqikelela kunemigaqo emitsha yoxinzelelo. Olu phuculo luvumela ii-codecs ukuba zilungele ngcono kwiindidi zomxholo owahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimiboniso eshukumayo ekhawulezayo ukuya kwimvelaphi engatshintshiyo eneenkcukacha ezintle.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yeyiphi eyona codec yevidiyo ihambelanayo jikelele?
I-H.264 (AVC) ihlala iyeyona codec yevidiyo ehambelanayo jikelele, exhaswa phantse zizo zonke izixhobo zale mihla, iibhrawuza, kunye namaqonga enziwe kwiminyaka eyi-15+ edlulileyo. Lukhetho olukhuselekileyo xa umxholo wakho ufuna ukudlaleka kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kokufuna iinguqulelo ezininzi zefomati.
Yeyiphi icodec enikezela ngowona mlinganiselo ubalaseleyo womgangatho ukuya kubungakanani?
I-AV1 okwangoku inikezela ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yoxinzelelo (ubungakanani bomgangatho ukuya kubungakanani) phakathi kwee-codecs ezisetyenziswe ngokurhweba, ukufikelela malunga ne-30% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-H.265 / HEVC kunye ne-VP9 kumgangatho ofanayo wokubonwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuza kwiindleko zokuntsonkotha okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-encoding kunye nenkxaso yehardware encinci. Kwizicelo ezininzi ezisebenzayo, i-H.265 / HEVC kunye ne-VP9 zinika ibhalansi egqwesileyo yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza.
Ndikhetha njani phakathi kwe-H.265 / HEVC kunye ne-VP9?
I-H.265 / HEVC kunye ne-VP9 inikezela ngokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo (malunga ne-50% engcono kune-H.264), kodwa ihluke kwilayisenisi kunye nenkxaso ye-ecosystem. Khetha i-H.265/HEVC xa ujolise kwizixhobo ze-Apple, ii-TV ezihlakaniphile, kunye nevidiyo ye-workflows yobuchwephesha apho ukukhawuleza kwe-hardware kubalulekile. Khetha iVP9 yesiqulatho esekwe kwiwebhu, ukwenziwa ngcono kweYouTube, kwaye xa unqanda ukuhlawulwa kwelungelo lomenzi yinto ephambili. Uninzi lwamaqonga okusasaza amakhulu abonelela ngomxholo kuzo zombini iifomati ngokusasaza okuguquguqukayo.
Ngaba i-AV1 ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi?
I-AV1 iya ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimeko ezithile, nangona ingekasebenzi njenge-H.264. Iinkonzo ezinkulu zokusasaza ezifana neYouTube, Netflix, kunye ne-Facebook ngoku zisebenzisa i-AV1 kumxholo okhethiweyo, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezixineneyo. Inkxaso yebrowser ilungile (iChrome, Firefox, Edge), kunye nenkxaso yehardware iyanda kwizixhobo ezitsha. Nangona kunjalo, i-encoding ihlala ibaluleke kakhulu, iyenza ifaneleke kakhulu kumxholo oza kufakwa ngekhowudi kube kanye kodwa udlalwe amaxesha amaninzi, okanye kwiimeko apho ukonga i-bandwidth ukodlula iindleko ze-encoding.
Kuthekani ngoYouTube? Yeyiphi icodec ekufuneka ndiyisebenzise xa kufakwe?
Ukulayisha kuYouTube, gxila ekuboneleleni ngefayile yomthombo ekumgangatho ophezulu kunokulungisa kwangaphambili ngekhowudi ethile. I-YouTube igqithisa zonke iifayile kwiifomathi ezininzi (H.264, VP9, kunye ne-AV1 eyandayo) kwiimeko zokudlala ezahlukeneyo. Ngeziphumo ezilungileyo, layisha kwi-H.264 nge-bitrate ephezulu okanye i-ProRes ukuba ikhona. I-YouTube icebisa ukuba ugcine ireyithi yesakhelo sokuqala kunye nesisombululo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8K, ivumela inkqubo yabo iphathe ukulungiselelwa kwezixhobo zokudlala ezahlukeneyo kunye nezantya zoqhagamshelwano.
Ngaba iikhowudi zevidiyo ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-CPU/GPU ngexesha lokudlala?
Ewe, ngokubalulekileyo. Ezintsha, ii-codecs ezisebenzayo ngokubanzi zifuna amandla angaphezulu okusebenza ukucacisa ngaphandle kokuba ukukhawuleza kwehardware kuyafumaneka. I-H.264 i-decoding ikhawuleziswa kwi-hardware phantse kuzo zonke izixhobo zale mihla, nto leyo eyenza ibe namandla kakhulu. I-H.265 / HEVC kunye ne-VP9 inenkxaso ye-hardware efanelekileyo kodwa ayikho jikelele, ngokukodwa kwizixhobo ezitsha. I-AV1 i-hardware decoding isavela kodwa iya ifumaneka kwi-GPU yesizukulwana samva nje kunye neeprosesa zeselfowuni. Ukwenziwa kweekhowudi zeSoftware yeekhowudi eziphambili zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi bebhetri kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kwaye kunokubangela imiba yokusebenza kwiikhompyuter ezindala.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwecodec kunye nefomathi yesikhongozeli?
I-codec (efana ne-H.264, H.265, VP9) yi-algorithm ecinezelayo kunye ne-decompresses idatha yevidiyo, ngelixa i-container format (njenge-MP4, i-MKV, i-WebM) i-wrapper ebambe ividiyo ecinezelweyo, i-audio, imibhalo engezantsi kunye nemethadatha kunye. Cinga ngecodec njengendlela yokupakisha iziqulatho, ngelixa isikhongozeli siyibhokisi abapakishwe kuyo. Umzekelo, isikhongozeli seMP4 singabamba ividiyo ekhowudiweyo nge-H.264 okanye i-H.265, kunye ne-audio kwifomathi ye-AAC. Isitya sinquma ukuhambelana nabadlali abathile kunye namaqonga, ngelixa i-codec inquma ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho.
Kuthekani ngeVVC/H.266 kunye nezinye iikhowudi zexesha elizayo?
I-Versatile Video Coding (VVC / H.266) yi-codec yesizukulwana esilandelayo esivela kumaqela e-MPEG / ITU, ethembisa malunga ne-50% yoxinzelelo olungcono kune-HEVC / H.265. Ngelixa umgangatho wagqityezelwa ngo-2020, ukwamkelwa okubanzi kuya kuthatha iminyaka njengoko ihardware kunye nenkxaso yesoftware ikhula. Ngokufanayo, i-Alliance ye-Open Media isebenza kwi-AV2, umlandeli we-AV1. Ezi codecs zesizukulwana esilandelayo zijolise ikakhulu kwividiyo ye-8K, inyani yokwenyani, kunye nezicelo ezithintelwe kakhulu kwi-bandwidth. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zangoku, ukugxila kwii-codecs ezifakwe ngokupheleleyo (H.264, HEVC, VP9, kunye nokunyuka kwe-AV1) kuhlala kuyindlela ephathekayo.
Khetha iCodec eLungileyo kwiiMfuno zakho zeVidiyo
Nokuba usasaza umxholo, uvelisa iividiyo, okanye uphuhlisa usetyenziso, ukukhetha ikhowudi efanelekileyo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho, ukuhambelana, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Sebenzisa uthelekiso lwethu olubanzi ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nemeko yakho yokusetyenziswa.