Gqibezela iFomathi yeFayile Encyclopedia

Isikhokelo esibanzi kuzo zonke iifomati zefayile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya amaxwebhu, imifanekiso, iaudio, ividiyo, kunye nokunye. Qonda ixesha lokusebenzisa iifomati ezithile kwiziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo.

IiFomati zeFayile ezingama-450+
15+ Iindidi
Uthelekiso lweFomathi
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Jonga iiFomati zeFayile Isikhokelo sokuKhetha ifomathi

Iindidi zeFomathi yeFayile enkulu

Iifomathi zoxwebhu

Iifomathi zefayile ezilungiselelwe amaxwebhu okubhaliweyo, i-spreadsheets, iiprezenteyishini, kunye nezinye iifayile ezinxulumene neofisi ezigcina umbhalo ofomathiweyo kunye nedatha.

  • Iifomati zokusetyenzwa kwamagama (DOCX, DOC, ODT, RTF)
  • Iifomati zespreadsheet (XLSX, XLS, ODS, CSV)
  • Iifomathi zokubonisa (PPTX, PPT, ODP)
  • Iifomathi eziphathwayo (PDF, XPS, EPUB)

Iifomathi zoMfanekiso

Iifomathi zefayile ezigcina imifanekiso yedijithali, kuquka iraster (pixel-based) kunye nevector (indlela esekwe) yemizobo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

  • Iifomati zeRaster (JPEG, PNG, GIF, WebP, TIFF)
  • Iifomathi zeVector (SVG, AI, EPS, CDR)
  • Iifomati zekhamera ekrwada (CR2, NEF, ARW, DNG)
  • Iifomathi eziLayiweyo (PSD, XCF, PSB)

Iifomathi zeVidiyo

Iifomati zefayile eziyilelwe ukugcina imifanekiso eshukumayo, isandi, kunye nemetadata ehambelana nayo ukuze idlale kwakhona kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga.

  • Iifomati zesikhongozeli (MP4, MKV, AVI, WebM)
  • Iifomathi zevidiyo zeWebhu (MP4, WebM, OGV)
  • Iifomathi zobungcali (ProRes, DNxHD, MXF)
  • Iifomati zelifa (WMV, FLV, 3GP)

Iifomathi zomsindo

Iifomati zefayile ezigcina idatha yedijithali yomsindo, exhasa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo omgangatho, ucinezelo, kunye nemetadata yezicelo ezahlukeneyo.

  • Iifomathi ezicinezelweyo (MP3, AAC, OGG, WMA)
  • Iifomati ezingenalahleko (FLAC, ALAC, WAV, AIFF)
  • Iifomathi zobungcali (PCM, DSD, MQA)
  • Iifomati zoluhlu lokudlala (M3U, PLS, WPL)

Iifomathi zoovimba

Iifomathi zefayile ezidibanisa iifayile ezininzi kunye neefolda kwisikhongozeli esinye, rhoqo ngoxinzelelo lokunciphisa ubungakanani befayile kunye neenketho zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo.

  • Oovimba abaqhelekileyo (ZIP, RAR, 7Z, TAR)
  • Oovimba beqonga beenkcukacha ezithile (CAB, DMG, PKG)
  • Iifomati zomfanekiso weDiski (ISO, IMG, BIN)
  • Oovimba abakhethekileyo (PAR, SFX, UUE)

Iifomathi zeDatha

Iifomathi zefayile ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha ecwangcisiweyo kwiziko ledatha, ukusuka kuluhlu olulula lwedesktop ukuya kwiinkqubo zesiseko senqanaba leshishini.

  • Ugcino lweenkcukacha zeDesktop (MDB, ACCDB, SQLite)
  • Iifayile zeseva yedatha (MDF, NDF, DBF)
  • Iifomati zogcino (BAK, DMP, SQL)
  • Iifomati zotshintshiselwano lwedatha (XML, JSON, CSV)

Iifomathi zeFayile yoXwebhu

Iifomathi zokuLungisa Amagama

Iifomati zokusetyenzwa kwamagama ziyilelwe ukugcina amaxwebhu okubhaliweyo ngokufomatha, imifanekiso, iitafile, kunye nezinye izinto. Ezi fomati ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwenza iileta, iingxelo, amanqaku, iincwadi, kunye neminye imixholo esekwe kwiteksti.

.DOCX Microsoft

I-Microsoft Word Open XML Document format, yaziswa kwi-Word 2007. Isebenzisa ucinezelo lwe-ZIP kunye ne-XML ukugcina umxholo woxwebhu, okubangela ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci xa kuthelekiswa nefomethi ye-DOC endala.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
  • Uxinzelelo: ZIP
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukudalwa kwamaxwebhu asemgangathweni, amaxwebhu oshishino, ukuhambelana ne-Microsoft Office

.DOC Ilifa

Ifomathi yelifa leMicrosoft Word Document isetyenziswe phambi kweOfisi ka-2007. Yifomati yokubini yomnini egcina umbhalo ofomathiweyo, imifanekiso, kunye nezinye izinto zoxwebhu.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/msword
  • Uxinzelelo: Ibhinari yobunikazi
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhambelana komva neenguqulelo ezindala zeWord kunye nezinye iiprosesa zamagama

.ODT Vula uMgangatho

Ifomathi ye-OpenDocument Text Document, umgangatho ovulekileyo wamaxwebhu okulungisa amagama. Yifomathi emiselweyo yoMbhali weLibreOffice kunye nezinye iisuti zeofisi ezinomthombo ovulekileyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: I-OASIS Vula iFomathi yoXwebhu kwii-Aplikheyishini zeOfisi
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
  • Uxinzelelo: ZIP
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukwabelana ngamaxwebhu anqamlezayo, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide, indawo evulekileyo yomthombo

.RTF Universal

I-Rich Text Format, ifomati yefayile yoxwebhu olunqamlezileyo egcina ukufomatha okubhaliweyo. Ixhaswa phantse ngabo bonke abaqhubekekisi bamagama kwaye igcina ezona zinto zisisiseko zokufomatha.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/rtf
  • Uxinzelelo: Akukho (umbhalo ongenanto onekhowudi zolawulo)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Amaxwebhu afomatiweyo asisiseko ahambelana kakhulu kuwo onke amaqonga

Iifomathi zespreadsheet

Iifomathi zespreadsheet zigcina idatha yetheyibhile ecwangciswe ngokwemiqolo kunye neekholamu, kunye neefomula, imisebenzi, kunye neetshathi. Ezi fomati zisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwemali, intlangano yedatha, izibalo, kunye nokubonwayo.

.XLSX Microsoft

I-Microsoft Excel Vula ifomathi yeSpredishithi ye-XML, yaziswa kwi-Excel 2007. Isebenzisa i-ZIP compression kunye ne-XML, ivumela i-spreadsheets ezinkulu ezinemiqolo kunye neekholamu ezininzi kunefomathi ye-XLS endala.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
  • Ubukhulu beRowu: 1,048,576
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Uhlalutyo lwemali, ulawulo lwedatha, izibalo ezinzima

.XLS Ilifa

Ilifa le-Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet ifomathi esetyenziswe phambi kwe-Excel 2007. Yifomati yokubini enemida kubungakanani bespredishithi kunye nenani lemisebenzi xa kuthelekiswa neefomati ezintsha.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.ms-excel
  • Ubukhulu beRowu: 65,536
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhambelana neenguqulelo ezindala kunye neenkqubo ze-Excel

.ODS Vula uMgangatho

I-OpenDocument Spreadsheet format, umgangatho ovulekileyo wamaxwebhu e-spreadsheet. Yifomathi emiselweyo ye-LibreOffice Calc kunye nezinye ii-spreadsheet ezivulelekileyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: I-OASIS OpenDocument Format
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
  • Ulwakhiwo: I-ZIP iqulethe iifayile ze-XML
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iispredishithi zeqonga ezinqamlezileyo, iindawo ezivulekileyo zomthombo

.CSV Universal

Ifomathi yaMaxabiso oKwahlulwe ngeComma, ifomati yokubhaliweyo elula egcina idatha yetheyibhile. Umgca ngamnye umele umqolo, kwaye amaxabiso ahlulwe ngeekoma okanye ezinye izahlulo.

  • Uhlobo: Isicatshulwa esicacileyo
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umbhalo/csv
  • Imida: Akukho kufomatha, iifomula, okanye amaphepha amaninzi
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Utshintshiselwano lwedatha phakathi kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukugcinwa kwedatha elula

Iifomathi zokubonisa

Iifomathi zokubonisa zigcina imiboniso yezilayidi ezinombhalo, imifanekiso, oopopayi, kunye nezinto zemultimedia. Ezi fomati zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iintetho zeentlanganiso zoshishino, iinkomfa, imfundo, kunye nezinye iimeko.

.PPTX Microsoft

I-Microsoft PowerPoint Open XML Presentation format, yaziswa kwi-PowerPoint 2007. Isebenzisa ucinezelo lwe-ZIP kunye ne-XML ukugcina izilayidi, iziyilo, oopopayi, kunye nezinye izinto zokubonisa.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
  • Iimpawu: Oopopayi, iinguqu, imultimedia
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iintetho zeshishini, umxholo wezemfundo, izilayidi zemultimedia ezityebileyo

.PPT Ilifa

Ilifa le-Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation ifomathi esetyenziswe ngaphambi kwePowerPoint 2007. Yifomati yokubini egcina izilayidi, imizobo, kunye noopopayi ukulungiselela umboniso.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.ms-powerpoint
  • Imida: Ubungakanani befayile, iimpawu ezimbalwa kunePPTX
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iyahambelana neenguqulelo ezindala zePowerPoint

.ODP Vula uMgangatho

Ifomati ye-OpenDocument Presentation, umgangatho ovulekileyo wamaxwebhu omboniso. Yifomathi emiselweyo ye-LibreOffice Impress kunye nezinye ii-aplikeshini zokubonisa umthombo ovulekileyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: I-OASIS OpenDocument Format
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
  • Ulwakhiwo: I-ZIP iqulethe iifayile ze-XML
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iintetho zeqonga ezinqamlezileyo, iindawo ezivulekileyo zomthombo

.ISIQINISO Iapile

Ifomati ye-Apple Keynote Presentation, ifomathi yemveli yesicelo se-Keynote ye-Apple. Ibonelela ngeempawu zoopopayi eziphambili kunye nokudityaniswa okuqinileyo nezinye iimveliso ze-Apple.

  • Umphuhlisi: Apple Inc.
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: application/vnd.apple.keynote
  • Iqonga: macOS, iOS, iCloud
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Imiboniso egxile kuyilo, abasebenzisi be-Apple ecosystem

Iifomathi zoXwebhu eziphathwayo

Iifomathi zamaxwebhu aphathekayo ziyilelwe ukugcina inkangeleko engatshintshiyo kuwo wonke amaqonga kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi fomati zigcina uyilo, iifonti, imifanekiso, kunye nezinye izinto kanye njengoko kucetyiwe ngumdali.

.PDF Umgangatho

I-Portable Document Format, ephuhliswe ukubonisa amaxwebhu ngokuthe rhoqo kuwo onke amaqonga. I-PDF igcina ukufomathwa kwamaxwebhu, imizobo, kunye noyilo nokuba sisiphi isicelo okanye inkqubo esetyenziswayo ukuyijonga.

  • Umphuhlisi: IiNkqubo zeAdobe (ngoku ezisemgangathweni we-ISO)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/pdf
  • Iimpawu: Iifom, utyikityo lwedijithali, uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhanjiswa kwamaxwebhu, ukugcinwa kweempepha, iifomu, amaxwebhu asemthethweni

.XPS Microsoft

Ukucaciswa kwePhepha leXML, enye indlela yeMicrosoft kwiPDF. Luphawu oluvulekileyo lolwimi lwenkcazelo yephepha kunye nefomathi esisigxina yoxwebhu, esekwe kwi-XML.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/oxps, isicelo/vnd.ms-xpsdocument
  • Ulwakhiwo: Uvimba we-ZIP oqulethe i-XML, izixhobo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukwabelana ngamaxwebhu akhethekileyo kwiWindows, iinkqubo zoshicilelo

.EPUB I-eBook

Ifomathi ye-Electronic Publication, umgangatho ovulekileyo we-e-books ophuhliswe yi-International Digital Publishing Forum. Ivumela umxholo onokuphinda ulungelelaniswe nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo besikrini.

  • Umphuhlisi: IQonga leHlabathi loPapasho lweDijithali (IDPF)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/epub+zip
  • Iimpawu: Umbhalo onokuphinda uqukunjelwe, iifonti ezizinzisiweyo, imifanekiso
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iincwadi ze-E, ushicilelo lwedijithali, umxholo onokuphinda uqhutyekwe

.MOBI I-eBook

Ifomati ye-eBook ye-MobiPocket, iphuhliselwe i-MobiPocket Reader yaze kamva yasetyenziswa yi-Amazon Kindle e-readers. Ixhasa iibhukhimakhi, amanqaku, kunye nezilungiso.

  • Umphuhlisi: MobiPocket (Amazon)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-mobipocket-ebook
  • Imida: Iinketho zokufomatha ezingaphantsi kuneEPUB
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Amazon Kindle ecosystem, abadala e-readers

Iifomathi zeFayile yoMfanekiso

Iifomathi zoMfanekiso weRaster

Iifomathi zomfanekiso weRaster zigcina idatha yomfanekiso njengegridi yeepikseli nganye. Ipixel nganye iqulethe ulwazi lombala, kwaye umgangatho wemifanekiso ye-raster ixhomekeke kwisisombululo sayo kunye nobunzulu.

.JPEG / .JPG Icinezelwe

Ifomati edibeneyo yeeNgcali zeFoto yeQela, ifomathi yocinezelo elahlekileyo yemifanekiso yedijithali. I-JPEG icinezela idatha yomfanekiso ngokulahla ulwazi oluthile, iyenza ilungele iifoto kunye nemifanekiso entsonkothileyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela leeNgcali zeeFoto ezidityanelweyo
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/jpeg
  • Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko (umgangatho oqwalaselweyo)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iifoto, imifanekiso yewebhu, udidi oluntsonkothileyo lwemibala

.PNG Ayinalahleko

Ifomati yeMizobo yeNethiwekhi ephathwayo, ifomathi yocinezelo engalahlekiyo exhasa ukungafihli. I-PNG yenziwe njengophuculo, olungenalungelo lomenzi endaweni ye-GIF.

  • Umphuhlisi: IQela loPhuhliso lwePNG
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/png
  • Iimpawu: Ukucaca kwe-alpha, ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Imizobo yewebhu, iilogo, imifanekiso enokucaca

.GIF Oopopayi

IFomathi yoKutshintshiselana kwemizobo, ifomathi yomfanekiso webitmap exhasa oopopayi kwaye isebenzisa ipalethi efikelela kwimibala engama-256. I-GIF isebenzisa ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi koopopayi abalula.

  • Umphuhlisi: CompuServe
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/gif
  • Imida: 256 imibala ubukhulu besakhelo ngasinye
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Oopopayi abalula, ii-icon, imizobo enemibala embalwa

.WebP Yangoku

Ifomathi yoMfanekiso weWebhu, iphuhliswe nguGoogle njengothathe indawo yeJPEG, PNG, kunye neGIF. Ibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu olungenalahleko kunye nelahleko kwimifanekiso yewebhu kwaye ixhasa oopopayi kunye nokungafihli.

  • Umphuhlisi: Google
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/webp
  • Uxinzelelo: Zombini iinketho ezilahlekileyo nezingalahlekiyo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Imifanekiso yewebhu, ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci ngelixa ugcina umgangatho

.TIFF / .TIF Ubungcali

IFomati yeFayile yoMfanekiso ephawulweyo, ifomathi yomfanekiso weraster oguquguqukayo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kupapasho, ukufota, kunye noshicilelo lobuchwephesha. Ixhasa izithuba ezininzi zemibala kunye neendlela zokucinezela.

  • Umphuhlisi: I-Aldus Corporation (ngoku eyi-Adobe)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/tiff
  • Iimpawu: Iileya, amaphepha amaninzi, iinketho ezahlukeneyo zokucinezela
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukufota kobuchwephesha, upapasho loshicilelo, ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo

.BMP Isiseko

Ifomathi yeFayile yoMfanekiso yeBitmap, ifomathi elula yemizobo yeraster esetyenziswa yinkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows. Igcina i-pixel yedatha yomfanekiso nge-pixel ngaphandle koxinzelelo kwiimeko ezininzi.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/bmp
  • Uxinzelelo: Akukho okanye RLE (ayifane isetyenziswe)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Imizobo elula, usetyenziso lweWindows, ukuhambelana

Iifomathi zoMfanekiso weVector

Iifomati zemifanekiso yeVector zigcina idatha yomfanekiso njengeefomula zemathematika kuneepikseli. Oku kuvumela imifanekiso yeVector ukuba ilinganiswe kuyo nayiphi na isayizi ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomgangatho, iyenza ilungele iilogo, ii-iyikhoni, kunye nemifanekiso.

.SVG Umgangatho wewebhu

Ifomati yeVector yeMizobo eScalable, ifomathi yomfanekiso weVector esekwe kwi-XML yewebhu. I-SVG ichaza imizobo kwifomathi ye-XML, ivumela ukuba zikhangelwe, zifakwe kwisalathiso, zibhalwe, kwaye zicinezelwe.

  • Umphuhlisi: I-World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/svg+xml
  • Iimpawu: Oopopayi, ukusebenzisana ngeCSS kunye neJavaScript
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Imizobo yewebhu, uyilo oluphendulayo, ii-icon, oopopayi

.AI Adobe

Ifomati yeAdobe Illustrator Artwork, ifomathi yefayile yemveli esetyenziswa nguAdobe Illustrator. Yifomati yobunikazi yokudala kunye nokugcina imizobo yevektha eneempawu eziphambili.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iinkqubo zeAdobe
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/postscript
  • Isekelwe kwi: PDF (ukususela kuMzobi 9)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Uyilo lwegraphic yobuchwephesha, iilogo, imizobo

.EPS Ukupapasha

Ifomati yePostScript efakiweyo, ifomathi yefayile yemizobo esekwe kulwimi lwePostScript. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushicilelo lobuchwephesha kunye nokuhanjiswa komsebenzi.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iinkqubo zeAdobe
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/postscript
  • Iimpawu: Jonga umfanekiso, ikhowudi yePostScript, ukuhambelana okubanzi
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ushicilelo lobuchwephesha, ukuhambelana kwesicelo esinqamlezileyo

.CDR CorelDRAW

Ifomati yeCorelDRAW, ifomathi yefayile yemveli yeCorelDRAW Graphics Suite. Yifomathi yemizobo yevektha enenkxaso yamaphepha amaninzi kunye nemigangatho.

  • Umphuhlisi: Inkampani yeCorel
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-cdr
  • Iimpawu: Amaphepha amaninzi, iileya, iziphumo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Uyilo lobuchwephesha kwiCorelDRAW ecosystem

IPhotoshop kunye neeFomati zoMfanekiso eziLayiweyo

Iifomathi zemifanekiso enemaleko zixhasa iileya ezininzi zedatha yemifanekiso, evumela ukuqamba okuntsokothileyo kunye nokuhlelwa okungonakalisi. Ezi fomati zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuhlelo lokuhlela imifanekiso kunye noyilo lwegraphic.

.PSD Adobe

Ifomati yoXwebhu lwePhotoshop, ifomathi yefayile yemveli ye-Adobe Photoshop. Igcina zonke iileya, iimaski, umbhalo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuhlela ukulungiselela ukuqhubeka nokuhlela.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iinkqubo zeAdobe
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/vnd.adobe.photoshop
  • Iimpawu: Iileya, iimaski, iileya zohlengahlengiso, izinto ezikrelekrele
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhlelwa kweefoto zobuchwephesha, uyilo lomzobo, ukudibanisa

.XCF I-GIMP

Ifomati yoLungelo lweKhompyutha yoMfuniselo, ifomathi yefayile yemveli yomhleli wemifanekiso ye-GIMP. Igcina iileya, amajelo, iindlela, kunye nolunye ulwazi lokuhlela.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela le-GIMP
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/x-xcf
  • Iimpawu: Iileya, imijelo, iindlela, ukungafihli
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhlelwa kwemifanekiso kwi-GIMP, ukuhamba komthombo ovulekileyo

.KRA I-Krita

Ifomati yoXwebhu lweKrita, ifomathi yefayile yemveli yesicelo sokupeyinta idijithali yeKrita. Igcina iileya, iimaski, izihluzi, kunye nezinto zevector.

  • Umphuhlisi: Isiseko seKrita
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-krita
  • Iimpawu: Amaqela omaleko, iileya zevektha, iimaski zokucoca
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ipeyinti yedijithali, umzekeliso, ukudala ukuthungwa

Iifomathi zekhamera ekrwada

Iifomathi zekhamera ekrwada ziqulathe iinkcukacha ezicutshungulwayo kancinane ukusuka kwisivamvo somfanekiso wekhamera yedijithali. Ezi fomati zigcina yonke idatha yomfanekiso wokuqala, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwi-post-processing.

.RAW Generic

Igama eliqhelekileyo leefomati zemifanekiso ekrwada ezahlukeneyo kwiikhamera zedijithali. Umenzi ngamnye wekhamera unefomathi yakhe yobunikazi ekrwada.

  • Umphuhlisi: Abavelisi beekhamera ezahlukeneyo
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/x-eluhlaza
  • Iimpawu: Idata yoluvo olungasetyenzwanga, ubunzulu obupheleleyo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukufota kobuchwephesha, ukuguquguquka okukhulu okuhlela

.DNG Adobe

Ifomati yeDigital Negative, ifomathi yemifanekiso ekrwada evuliweyo ephuhliswe nguAdobe. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngefomathi esemgangathweni yeefayile eziluhlaza zekhamera ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iinkqubo zeAdobe
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/x-adobe-dng
  • Iimpawu: Imetadata esemgangathweni, ipreviews ezizinzisiweyo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kweefoto eziluhlaza, ukuhambelana kwesicelo esinqamlezileyo

.CR2/CR3 ICanon

Canon Raw uguqulelo 2/3 iifomati, ubunini iifomati umfanekiso ekrwada ezisetyenziswa Canon iikhamera yedijithali. Ziqulethe idatha yemifanekiso engalungiswanga ngokuthe ngqo kwi-sensor yekhamera.

  • Umphuhlisi: ICanon Inc.
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/x-canon-cr2, umfanekiso/x-canon-cr3
  • Isekelwe kwi: I-TIFF (CR2), iFomathi yeFayile yeMedia yeSiseko se-ISO (CR3)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ubuchwephesha bokufota ngeekhamera zeCanon

.NEF Nikon

I-Nikon Electronic Format, ifomathi yemifanekiso ekrwada yobunikazi esetyenziswa ziikhamera zedijithali ze-Nikon. Iqulethe idatha engalungiswanga ukusuka kwinzwa yomfanekiso wekhamera.

  • Umphuhlisi: Nikon Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umfanekiso/x-nikon-nef
  • Isekelwe kwi: TIFF / EP umgangatho
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ubuchwephesha bokufota ngeekhamera zeNikon

Iifomathi zeFayile zeVidiyo

Iifomathi zesingxobo sevidiyo eziqhelekileyo

Iifomathi zesikhongozeli sevidiyo zifakela idatha yevidiyo, iingoma zomsindo, imibhalo engezantsi, kunye nemethadatha kwifayile enye. Izikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo zixhasa ii-codecs ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

.MP4 Universal

I-MPEG-4 Icandelo le-14 ifomathi yesikhongozeli, enye yeefomati zevidiyo ezixhaswa kakhulu. Ingaqulatha ividiyo, iaudio, imibhalo engezantsi, kunye nenye imetadata kwaye iyahambelana nezixhobo ezininzi.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela leengcaphephe zeMifanekiso eshukumayo (ISO/IEC)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/mp4
  • IiCodecs eziqhelekileyo: H.264, H.265 (ividiyo), i-AAC (i-audio)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iividiyo zewebhu, izixhobo eziphathwayo, ukuhanjiswa ngokubanzi

.MKV Zininzi izinto

Ifomati yesikhongozelo seVidiyo yeMatroska, umgangatho ovulekileyo, ifomathi yesikhongozeli eguquguqukayo enokuthi ibambe inani elingenamkhawulo wevidiyo, iaudio, umfanekiso, okanye iingoma ezingezantsi kwifayile enye.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela leprojekthi yeMatroska
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/x-matroska
  • Iimpawu: Iingoma ezininzi zeaudio, imibhalo engezantsi, izahluko
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukugcinwa kwevidiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu, iingoma ezininzi zomsindo/imibhalo engezantsi

.AVI Ilifa

Ifomathi yeAudio Video Interleave, ephuhliswe nguMicrosoft. Yifomathi yesikhongozeli enokuthi iqulathe zombini iaudio kunye nedatha yevidiyo kwisikhongozeli sefayile esivumela ukudlala okuhambelanayo kunye nevidiyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/x-msvideo
  • Imida: Inkxaso yemetadata encinci, ukulinganiselwa kobungakanani
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhambelana neenkqubo ezindala, ukugcinwa kwevidiyo elula

.MOV Iapile

Ifomathi yeMovie ekhawulezayo, ephuhliswe nguApple. Yifomathi yesikhongozeli enokuthi iqulathe ividiyo, iaudio, iziphumo, kunye nomxholo osebenzisanayo, osetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-Apple ecosystem.

  • Umphuhlisi: Apple Inc.
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo / ixesha elikhawulezayo
  • Iimpawu: Izahluko, ikhowudi yexesha, umxholo we-3D
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: I-Apple ecosystem, ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo yobuchwephesha

.WebM Web

Ifomathi yeMedia yeWebhu, ifomati yefayile yemidiya evulekileyo, engahlawulelwayo eyenzelwe iwebhu. Yiseti ephantsi yefomathi yesikhongozeli seMatroska enevidiyo yeVP8/VP9 kunye neVorbis/Opus audio codecs.

  • Umphuhlisi: Google
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo / webm
  • Iikhowudi: VP8, VP9, AV1 (ividiyo), Vorbis, Opus (umsindo)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ividiyo yeWebhu, ukudlala kwakhona kwevidiyo ye-HTML5, ukusasaza

.TS Usasazo

Ifomati ye-MPEG yoThutho lokuSasaza, eyilelwe ukusasaza ividiyo yedijithali kunye nesandi. Isetyenziselwa ukusasaza iaudio, ividiyo, kunye nedatha kwimidiya engathembekanga.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela leengcaphephe zeMifanekiso eshukumayo (ISO/IEC)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: ividiyo/mp2t
  • Iimpawu: Ulungiso lwemposiso, amandla okusasaza
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Usasazo lweTV yedijithali, ukusasazwa, iiDVD

Iifomathi zeVidiyo yobuNgcali

Iifomathi zevidiyo ezichubekileyo ziyilelwe ukuveliswa kwevidiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu, ukuhlelwa kunye nokusasazwa. Ezi fomati zihlala zibeka umgangatho ngaphezulu kobukhulu befayile kunye nenkxaso yeempawu eziphambili.

.MXF Usasazo

Ifomathi yoTshintsho lweMaterial, ifomathi yesikhongozelo sevidiyo yobuchwephesha yedijithali kunye nomxholo ovakalayo. Yenzelwe utshintshiselwano lwemathiriyeli ye-audio-visual kunye nedatha ehambelanayo kunye nedatha.

  • Umphuhlisi: Umbutho weMifanekiso eshukumayo kunye neeNjineli zeTelevishini (SMPTE)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/mxf
  • Iimpawu: Imetadata etyebileyo, iipateni ezininzi zokusebenza
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Umzi-mveliso wosasazo, ukuveliswa kweevidiyo zobungcali

.DNxHR/DNxHD Avid

I-Digital Nonlinear Extensible High Resolution / High Definition, i-codec ephezulu yevidiyo ephuhliswe ngu-Avid iTekhnoloji yokulungiswa kwezinto ezininzi, ukuxinzezeleka komsebenzi we-HD.

  • Umphuhlisi: Itekhnoloji yeAvid
  • Isikhongozeli: MXF, MOV
  • Amanqanaba oMgangatho: LB, SQ, HQ, HQX, 444
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo yobuchwephesha, Avid Umqambi weMedia

.ProRes Iapile

I-Apple ProRes, usapho olukumgangatho ophezulu, iikhowudi zevidiyo ezingabonakaliyo eziphuhliswe yi-Apple ukwenzela ukuhamba komsebenzi emva kwemveliso. Inika amanqanaba omgangatho awohlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

  • Umphuhlisi: Apple Inc.
  • Isikhongozeli: MOV, MXF
  • Ukwahluka: 422 ummeli, 422 LT, 422, 422 HQ, 4444, 4444 XQ
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo yobuchwephesha, iApple Final Cut Pro

.BRAW Blackmagic

IBlackmagic RAW, ifomathi yevidiyo ecinezelweyo ephuhliswe yiBlackmagic Design. Idibanisa ukuguquguquka kokusetyenzwa kwekrwada kunye nokusebenza kweefomati zevidiyo ezicinezelweyo zemveli.

  • Umphuhlisi: Uyilo lweBlackmagic
  • Uxinzelelo: Umgangatho othe rhoqo okanye i-Bitrate rhoqo
  • Imimiselo Yomgangatho: 3:1, 5:1, 8:1, 12:1, Q0, Q1, Q3, Q5
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukwenza ifilim yobuchwephesha, iikhamera zeBlackmagic

Iifomathi zeFayile yomsindo

Iifomathi zomsindo ezicinezelweyo

Iifomati zeaudio ezicinezelweyo zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngelixa ugcina umgangatho owamkelekileyo wesandi. Ezi fomati ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa komculo, ukusasaza, kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo.

.MP3 Eqhelekileyo

I-MPEG-1 I-Audio Layer III, ifomati yoxinzelelo lwe-audio elahlekileyo eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngelixa igcina umgangatho wesandi ofanelekileyo. Yaba ngumgangatho wokusasazwa komculo kunye nokudlalwa kwakhona.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela leengcaphephe zeMifanekiso eshukumayo
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/mpeg
  • Amaxabiso amancinci: 8-320 kbps, VBR, CBR
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhanjiswa komculo, izixhobo eziphathwayo, ukumamela ngokubanzi

.AAC Yangoku

IKhowudi yeAudiyo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu, ifomathi yocinezelo yomsindo elahlekileyo eyenzelwe ukuba ibe yindlalifa yeMP3. Ifikelela ngokubanzi umgangatho wesandi esingcono kuneMP3 ngesantya esincinci esifanayo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iqela leengcaphephe zeMifanekiso eshukumayo
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/aac
  • Iimpawu: Inkxaso ye-Multichannel, ukusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Usasazo lwedijithali lweaudio, ustrimisho, inkqubo ye-ecosystem ye-Apple

.OGG Vula

I-Ogg Vorbis, ifomati yekhowudi yomsindo yasimahla kunye nevulekileyo kunye nesingxobo. Ibonelela ngoxinzelelo lweaudio olusebenzayo ngelixa ihleli i-patent-free kwaye ivulekile.

  • Umphuhlisi: Xiph.Org Foundation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/ogg
  • Iikhowudi: I-Vorbis (eqhelekileyo), i-Opus, i-FLAC
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo, imidlalo, iaudio yewebhu

.WMA Microsoft

IWindows Media Audio, ifomathi ecinezelweyo yefayile yeaudio eyenziwe nguMicrosoft. Iza ngokwahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kubandakanywa noxinzelelo olungalahlekiyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/x-ms-wma
  • Ukwahluka: WMA Standard, Pro, Lossless, Voice
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: I-ecosystem yeWindows, iyahambelana neemveliso zeMicrosoft

Iifomathi zomsindo eziLassless

Iifomati zeaudio ezingenakulahlekelwa zicinezela idatha yeaudiyo ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho. Ezi fomati zifanelekile kwii-audiophiles, ukugcinwa komculo, kunye nokuveliswa kweaudio yobuchwephesha.

.FLAC Ayinalahleko

I-Codec yomsindo yasimahla eLassless, ifomati yoxinzelelo lwe-audio evulelekileyo engenazilahleko. Inciphisa ubungakanani befayile nge-40-50% ngelixa igcina umgangatho womsindo ogqibeleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nomsindo ongaxinzelelwanga.

  • Umphuhlisi: Xiph.Org Foundation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/flac
  • Uxinzelelo: Ilahleko, i-30-50% encinci kune-WAV
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukumamela iAudiophile, ukugcina umculo kugcino, iaudio ekumgangatho ophezulu

.ALAC Iapile

I-Apple Lossless Audio Codec, ifomati yocinezelo yomsindo engalahlekiyo eyenziwe nguApple. Ibonelela nge-CD yomgangatho we-audio malunga nesiqingatha sesithuba somsindo ongaxinzelelwanga.

  • Umphuhlisi: Apple Inc.
  • Isikhongozeli: M4A
  • Uxinzelelo: I-Lossless, efana ne-FLAC
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Apple ecosystem, iTunes, iOS izixhobo

.WAV Ukungaxinzelelwanga

I-Waveform iFayile yeFayile yeFayile, ifomathi yefayile yomsindo esemgangathweni eyenziwe nguMicrosoft kunye ne-IBM. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-PCM yomsindo engaxinzelelwanga, ekhokelela kubukhulu beefayile ezinkulu kodwa umgangatho ogqibeleleyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft kunye ne-IBM
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/wav
  • Ubungakanani: 10 MB ngomzuzu (umgangatho weCD)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukurekhoda komsindo, imveliso, ukusetyenziswa kobuchule

.AIFF Iapile

IFomathi yeFayile yoTshintsho loAudiyo, ifomathi yefayile yeaudio engaxinzelelwanga eyenziwe yiApple. Ifana ne-WAV, ibonelela ngomgangatho ogqibeleleyo womsindo kodwa ngobungakanani beefayile ezinkulu.

  • Umphuhlisi: Apple Inc.
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/aiff
  • Ubungakanani: Ifana ne WAV (10 MB/umzuzu)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iaudio yobuchwephesha kwiindawo zeMac

Iifomathi zeAudiyo zobuNgcali

Iifomathi zeaudiyo zobuchwephesha ziyilelwe imveliso yeaudiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu, ukuphumelela, kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha. Ezi fomati zibonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu, inkxaso yamajelo amaninzi, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo.

.DSD I-Audiophile

I-Direct Stream Digital, ifomathi yomsindo enesisombululo esiphezulu esetyenziselwa i-Super Audio CDs (SACD). Isebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yomsindo wedijithali kune-PCM, isebenzisa ireyithi ephezulu kakhulu yesampulu yexabiso le-bit enye.

  • Umphuhlisi: Sony kunye Philips
  • Umlinganiselo wesampulu: 2.8224 MHz, 5.6448 MHz (DSD128)
  • Ubunzulu beBit: Isuntswana eli-1 (i-pulse density modulation)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukurekhodwa kweAudiophile, ukuphumelela kweSACD

.BWF Usasazo

I-Broadcast Wave Format, ulwandiso lwefomathi ye-WAV equka imethadatha eyongezelelweyo yokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha ekusasazeni nasekuveliseni isandi.

  • Umphuhlisi: IManyano yoSasazo yaseYurophu (EBU)
  • Isekelwe kwi: ifomathi ye-WAV
  • Iimpawu: Ikhowudi yexesha, inkcazo, ulwazi lomqalisi
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Usasazo, imveliso yeaudio yobuchwephesha

.PCM Ekrwada

I-Pulse Code Modulation, indlela esetyenziswa ukumela ngokwedijithali imiqondiso ye-analog. Iifayile zePCM ziqulethe idatha yeaudiyo ekrwada ngaphandle kweeheader okanye metadata.

  • Uhlobo: Ifomathi yedatha yesandi ekrwada
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: iaudio/L16 (ye-16-bit PCM)
  • Imida: Akukho metadata, ifuna umlinganiselo wesampulu/ulwazi olunzulu
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Izixhobo zeaudio zobuchwephesha, usetyenziso olukhethekileyo

Iifomathi zoLondolozo lweeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo

Iifomathi zoovimba eziqhelekileyo

Iifomati zoovimba ziqokelela iifayile ezininzi kunye neefolda kwifayile yesikhongozeli esinye, rhoqo ngoxinzelelo lokunciphisa ubungakanani befayile. Ezi fomati zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwefayile, i-backup, kunye nokugcinwa.

.ZIP Universal

Ifomati yogcino lwe-ZIP, eyona ixhaswe kakhulu ngoxinzelelo kunye nefomathi yogcino. Inokuqulatha iifayile ezininzi kunye neefolda ezinoguqulelo oluyimfihlo.

  • Umphuhlisi: PKWARE, Inc.
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/zip
  • Iimpawu: Ukhuseleko lwegama lokugqithisa, ukhetho oluqinileyo loxinzelelo
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukugcinwa kwenjongo ngokubanzi, ukuhambelana kweqonga

.RAR Ubunikazi

Ifomathi ye-Roshal Archive, ifomathi yogcino olugciniweyo olunoxinzelelo olunamandla, ukubuyiswa kweempazamo, kunye nesakhono sokuvula ifayile. Ngokwesiqhelo ifumana umlinganiselo woxinzelelo olungcono kuneZIP.

  • Umphuhlisi: Eugene Roshal
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.rar
  • Iimpawu: Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, iirekhodi zokubuyisela, ukunwenwa kwevolumu
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iimfuno zoxinzelelo eziphakamileyo, oovimba beendawo ezininzi

.7Z Ikwinqanaba eliphezulu

Ifomati ye-7-Zip, ifomathi yomthombo ovulekileyo yogcino olunomlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo. Ixhasa iindlela ezininzi zoxinzelelo kunye ne-AES-256 encryption enamandla.

  • Umphuhlisi: Igor Pavlov
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-7z-icinezelwe
  • Uxinzelelo: LZMA, LZMA2, PPMd, BZip2
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Uxinzelelo olukhulu, oovimba abakhulu

.TAR Unix

Ifomati yeTape Archive, ekuqaleni eyilelwe ugcino lweteyiphu. I-TAR ngokwayo ayiboneleli ngoxinzelelo kodwa ihlala idityaniswa nezixhobo zokucinezela ezifana ne-gzip okanye bzip2.

  • Imvelaphi: Iinkqubo ze-Unix/Linux
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-tar
  • Izandiso eziqhelekileyo: .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iinkqubo ze-Unix/Linux, ukugcina iimvume zefayile

Iifomathi zoMfanekiso weDiski

Iifomathi zemifanekiso yeDiski zigcina iikopi ezipheleleyo zeediski okanye izahlulo zedisk, kuquka zonke iinkcukacha kunye nolwazi lwesakhiwo. Ezi fomati zisetyenziselwa ukugcina, ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware, kunye nokubuyisela inkqubo.

.ISO Umgangatho

Ifomathi yomfanekiso we-ISO, ifomathi yomfanekiso wedisk equlethe ikopi epheleleyo yeCD, iDVD, okanye i-Blu-ray disc. I-ISO isekwe kumgangatho wenkqubo yefayile ye-ISO 9660 yeediski zamehlo.

  • Umgangatho: ISO 9660
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-iso9660-umfanekiso
  • Iimpawu: I-Cross-platform, inkxaso ye-bootable disc
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware, ukufakwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza

.DMG Iapile

Ifomathi yoMfanekiso weDiski, ifomathi yomfanekiso wediski ye-Apple ye-macOS. Ingaguqulelwa ngokuntsonkothileyo, icinezelwe, kwaye inyuswe njenge diski yenyani kwiinkqubo zeMacOS.

  • Umphuhlisi: Apple Inc.
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-apple-diskimage
  • Iimpawu: Uxinzelelo, uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, itshekhisums
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware yeMacOS, iMac backups

.VHD/.VHDX Microsoft

Ifomathi yeVirtual Hard Disk, ifomathi yediski yeMicrosoft yeWindows. Isetyenziswa yiMicrosoft virtualization technologies efana neHyper-V kwaye inokugcina iinkqubo zokusebenza ezipheleleyo.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-virtualbox-vhd
  • Iimpawu: Iidiski ezinamandla, iidiski ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani obusisigxina
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: I-Virtualization yeWindows, i-backups yenkqubo

.IMG Generic

Ifomathi yoMfanekiso weDiski, igama eliqhelekileyo kwiifayile zomfanekiso wediski ekrwada. Iifayile ze-IMG zidla ngokuqulatha ikopi yecandelo-ngecandelo lediski okanye isahlulelo sediski.

  • Uhlobo: Umfanekiso wediski eqhelekileyo
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/octet-umsinga
  • Ulwakhiwo: Ikopi ekrwada yecandelo ngalinye
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Imifanekiso yefloppy disk, ii-backups zedisk ezilula

Iifomathi zeFayile yeDatha

Iifomathi zeDatha yeDesktop

Iifomathi zedatha yeDesktop ziyilelwe ukugcinwa kwendawo kunye nokulawulwa kwedatha ecwangcisiweyo. Ezi fomati ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezincinci ukuya kubukhulu obuphakathi kunye neeprojekthi zomntu.

.MDB Microsoft

Ifomati yoFikelelo lweMicrosoft Database, ifomathi yemveli yefayile yeMicrosoft Access yogcino-lwazi phambi koFikelelo luka-2007. Yifomathi yobunini yedatabase yobudlelwane bedesktop.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-msaccess
  • Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo: 2 GB
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Oovimba beenkcukacha zamashishini amancinci, izicelo zedesktop

.ACCDB Microsoft

Ifomati ye-Microsoft Access Database yaziswa ngoFikelelo ngo-2007. Ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo, iindidi zedatha, kunye neempawu xa kuthelekiswa nefomathi endala ye-MDB.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/msaccess
  • Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo: 2 GB
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Ukufikelela kwizicelo zangoku, oovimba beenkcukacha ezincinci

.SQLite Ifakwe

Ifomati yeDatha yeSQLite, i-self-ziqulathe, i-server, i-zero-configuration injini yedatha. Oovimba beenkcukacha zeSQLite bagcinwa njengeefayile enye equlathe i-schema yedatha epheleleyo kunye nedatha.

  • Umphuhlisi: D. Richard Mvubu
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/vnd.sqlite3
  • Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo: 140 TB (ithiyori)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo, ii-apps eziphathwayo, ukugcinwa kwendawo

.FDB Firebird

iFirebird Database ifomathi, ifomathi yefayile yeFirebird SQL database. Yisiseko sedatha esivulelekileyo sobudlelwane esinokusebenza kwifayile enye kwaye sixhasa uninzi lweempawu zeSQL.

  • Umphuhlisi: Iprojekthi yeFirebird
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/x-firebird
  • Iimpawu: Iintengiselwano, iinkqubo ezigciniweyo, izixhokonxa
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Izicelo zeshishini elincinci ukuya kweliphakathi

Iifayile zedatabase yomncedisi

Iifayile zedatha yeseva zisetyenziswa ziinkqubo zolawulo lwesiseko sedatha yeshishini ukugcina idatha, izalathisi, kunye nolwazi loqwalaselo. Ezi fomati zenzelwe ukufikelela kwabasebenzisi abaninzi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.

.MDF/.LDF Iseva yeSQL

I-Microsoft SQL Server Database kunye neefayile zeLog. I-MDF iqulethe idatha ephambili ngelixa i-LDF iqulethe iilogi zentengiselwano zokubuyiselwa kwedatha.

  • Umphuhlisi: Microsoft Corporation
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/octet-umsinga
  • Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo: 524,272 TB (ithiyori)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Usetyenziso lweshishini, iMicrosoft ecosystem

.DBF dBase

Ifomathi yeFayile yeDatha, isuka kwinkqubo yolawulo lwesiseko sedatha ye-dBase. Nangona indala, isasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ixhaswa zizixhobo ezininzi zedatha.

  • Imvelaphi: dBase (Ashton-Tate)
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/dbase
  • Imida: Ubungakanani be-2GB, amasimi angama-255 ngerekhodi ngalinye
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Usetyenziso lwelifa, ukugcinwa kwedatha elula

.IBD MySQL

Ifayile yeDatha ye-InnoDB, iifayile zokugcina ezisetyenziswe yi-injini yokugcina ye-InnoDB kwi-MySQL. Ifayile nganye ye-IBD iqulethe idatha, izalathisi, kunye nolunye ulwazi lweetafile ze-MySQL.

  • Isetyenziswa ngu: I-MySQL/MariaDB enenjini ye-InnoDB
  • Iimpawu: Ukuthotyelwa kwe-ACID, ukutshixa kwinqanaba lomqolo
  • Ifayile ngokwe: Itafile okanye indawo yetafile
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Usetyenziso lwewebhu, ukuthunyelwa kweMySQL yeshishini

Iifomathi zoTshintsho lweDatha

Iifomathi zokutshintshiselana ngedatha zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha ehleliweyo phakathi kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo. Ezi fomati ngokuqhelekileyo zisekwe kwisicatshulwa kwaye zifundeka ngabantu, zizenze zilungele ukudityaniswa kunye nee-API.

.CSV Universal

Ifomathi yaMaxabiso oKwahlulwe ngeComma, ifomati yokubhaliweyo elula yokumela idatha yetheyibhula. Umgca ngamnye umele umqolo, kwaye amaxabiso ahlulwe ngeekoma okanye ezinye izahlulo.

  • Uhlobo: Isicatshulwa esekwe
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: umbhalo/csv
  • Imida: Akukho ntlobo zedatha, akukho budlelwane
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Utshintshiselwano lwedatha olulula, ukungeniswa kwespredishithi / ukuthumela ngaphandle

.XML Yakhiwe

Ifomati yoLwimi lweMarkup eyandisiweyo, ulwimi lokuphawula oluchaza imigaqo yokufaka iikhowudi kumaxwebhu kwifomathi efundeka ngumntu kunye nomatshini.

  • Umgangatho: W3C XML
  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/xml
  • Iimpawu: Ukuqinisekiswa kweSchema, izithuba zamagama, iinguqu
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Utshintshiselwano lwedatha oluyinkimbinkimbi, iifayile zoqwalaselo

.JSON Yangoku

Ifomati ye-JavaScript Object Notation, ifomathi yotshintshiselwano yedatha khaphukhaphu esekwe kwi-syntax yento yeJavaScript. Kulula ebantwini ukufunda nokubhala kunye nokuba oomatshini bacazulule kwaye benze.

  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/json
  • Ulwakhiwo: Izinto, ii-arrays, i-key-value pairs
  • Iimpawu: Ulwimi oluzimeleyo, olucazululwe ngokulula
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: IWeb APIs, uqwalaselo, ukutshintshiselana ngedatha

.YAML Ubuhlobo babantu

I-YAML ayilolwimi oluphawulwayo, umgangatho wolungelelwaniso lwedatha olulungele umntu. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiifayile zoqwalaselo nakwizicelo apho idatha igcinwa okanye ihanjiswa khona.

  • Uhlobo lwe-MIME: isicelo/yaml
  • Iimpawu: Amagqabantshintshi, iimbekiselo, izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo
  • Ungeniso: Kubalulekile (usebenzisa izithuba kwisakhiwo)
  • Eyona nto isetyenziswayo: Iifayile zoqwalaselo, ulandelelwano lwedatha

Isikhokelo sokuthelekisa ukuFomatha

Uthelekiso lweFomathi yoXwebhu

Ukuthelekisa iimpawu eziphambili kunye nesakhono seefomati zoxwebhu oluqhelekileyo ukukunceda ukhethe ifomathi eyiyo kwiimfuno zakho.

Uphawu PDF DOCX ODT RTF HTML
Igcina uYilo oluchanekileyo
Kulula ukuhlela
Iifom & neZinto eziSebenzayo
Imisayino yedijithali
Ukuhambelana kwe-Cross-Platform
Vula uMgangatho
Ukujongwa kwiWebhu

Ufaniso lweFomathi yoMfanekiso

Ukuthelekisa iimpawu eziphambili kunye nekhono lefomathi yemifanekiso eqhelekileyo ukukunceda ukhethe ifomathi efanelekileyo kwimeko yakho yokusetyenziswa.

Uphawu JPEG I-PNG GIF WebP SVG I-TIFF
Inkxaso yokuNgafihli
Inkxaso yoopopayi
Uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa
Ilungile kwiifoto
Ilungile kwiMizobo
Ubungakanani beFayile encinci
Inkxaso yesikhangeli sewebhu
Scalable Ngaphandle kwelahleko

Uthelekiso lweFomathi yevidiyo

Ukuthelekisa iimpawu eziphambili kunye nobuchule beefomati zevidiyo eziqhelekileyo ukukunceda ukhethe ifomathi efanelekileyo yomxholo wakho wevidiyo.

Uphawu MP4 MKV AVI MOV WebM
Ukuhambelana kwewebhu
Iingoma ezininzi zomsindo
Inkxaso yomxholo ongezantsi
Inkxaso yeSahluko
INkxaso yeSixhobo esiBanzi
Vula ifomathi
Ukusasaza-Kunobuhlobo

Ungayikhetha njani iFomathi yeFayile eLungileyo

Ukukhetha ifomathi efanelekileyo yefayile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana, umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Landela esi sikhokelo sinyathelo ngenyathelo ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.

1

Chonga ityala lakho eliphambili lokuSebenzisa

Qala ngokumisela eyona njongo yefayile yakho. Ngaba udala umxholo wewebhu, uprinte, uhlela ubuchwephesha, ugcina iinkcukacha, okanye ukwabelana? Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zefomathi. Ngomxholo wewebhu, beka phambili iifomati kunye nenkxaso yesikhangeli esibanzi kunye neesayizi ezincinci zeefayile. Ukuprinta, khetha iifomati ezigcina isisombululo esiphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kombala. Kuhlelo lobuchule, khetha iifomati ezigcina umgangatho kunye nokuxhasa iimpawu ozifunayo.

2

Qwalasela iiMfuno zoMgangatho

Vavanya ukuba ubaluleke kangakanani umgangatho kwimeko yakho yosetyenziso. Ukuba ufuna umgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha, khetha iifomati ezingalahlekiyo njengePNG yemifanekiso, iFLAC yomsindo, okanye iiProRes zevidiyo. Ukuba ubungakanani befayile bubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye ukulahleka komgangatho othile kwamkelekile, iifomati ezicinezelekileyo ezifana neJPEG, MP3, okanye MP4 zinokufaneleka ngakumbi. Khumbula ukuba iimfuno zomgangatho ziyahluka ngohlobo lomxholo-iifoto zizuza kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo kunobugcisa bomgca okanye umbhalo.

3

Vavanya iiMfuno zokuhambelana

Qinisekisa ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo, usetyenziso, okanye izixhobo eziya kuzifuna ukufikelela kwiifayile zakho. Ukuba ukuhambelana okubanzi kubalulekile, khetha iifomathi zendalo yonke ezinenkxaso ebanzi kuwo wonke amaqonga kunye nezicelo. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okukhethekileyo ngakumbi, kunokufuneka usebenzise iifomathi zomgangatho woshishino nokuba zinenkxaso elinganiselweyo jikelele. Soloko uvavanya ifomathi oyikhethileyo kwiinkqubo ekujoliswe kuzo phambi kokwenza uguqulo olukhulu okanye inkqubo yokuyila.

4

Vavanya IiMfuno zoMsebenzi

Chonga iimpawu ezithile ozifunayo kwifomati yefayile yakho. Ngaba ufuna inkxaso yomaleko, ukungafihli, okanye oopopayi? Ngaba ufuna iingoma ezininzi zeaudio okanye izihlokwana? Ngaba ujonge ukuba bhetyebhetye okuhlela okanye iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo okanye utyikityo lwedijithali? Yenza uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka ubenazo ukuze ucuthe iinketho zakho zefomati. Iifomati ezahlukeneyo kudidi olufanayo zihlala zixhasa iiseti zezinto ezahlukeneyo.

5

Qwalasela imiqobo yobungakanani beFayile

Vavanya nayiphi na imida kubungakanani befayile kwimeko yakho yosetyenziso. Ukuba wabelana ngeefayile kwi-intanethi, ukulayisha kwiiplatifomu ezithile, okanye ukugcina inani elikhulu ledatha, ubungakanani befayile buba yinto ebalulekileyo. Iifomati ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo, ukusuka kuxinzelelo olungenalahleko olugcina yonke idatha ukuya kuxinzelelo olulahlekileyo olunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngokulahla ulwazi oluthile. Ukufumana ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi komgangatho kunye nobukhulu kudla ngokuba ngundoqo ekukhetheni ifomathi eyiyo.

6

Cinga Ngeemfuno Zexesha Elizayo

Qwalasela ukuba ngaba ukhetho lwakho lwefomathi lufuna ukuvumelana nokuhlelwa kwexesha elizayo, uguqulelo, okanye ugcino. Kwiifayile zemvelaphi eziya kuqhubeka nokuhlelwa, khetha iifomati ezigcina umgangatho kunye nokuthamba. Ngeenjongo zoovimba, khetha iifomati ezinobomi obude kunye nenkxaso ebanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukugcinwa kweenguqulelo ezininzi-ifayile ye-master kwifomathi ephezulu kunye ne-derivatives kwiifomathi ezifikeleleke ngakumbi-yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulinganisa iimfuno zangoku kunye nezexesha elizayo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neeFomati zeFayile

Yintoni umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo olulahlekileyo kunye nolungenalahleko?

Uxinzelelo olungenalahleko lunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngelixa ugcina yonke idatha yoqobo. Xa ithotyiwe, ifayile iyafana neyokuqala phambi koxinzelelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iPNG yemifanekiso, iFLAC yomsindo, kunye neZIP yeefayile ngokubanzi. Uxinzelelo olulahlekileyo lususa ngokusisigxina idatha ethile ukuphumeza ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci. Iqondo lokulahleka komgangatho lixhomekeke kwinqanaba loxinzelelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iJPEG yemifanekiso, iMP3 yomsindo, kunye neMP4 eneH.264 yevidiyo. Iifomati ezilahlekileyo zihlala zincinci kodwa zincama umgangatho othile, ngelixa iifomati ezilahlekileyo zigcina umgangatho kodwa zikhokelela kwiifayile ezinkulu.

Kutheni ifayile yam ingavulwa kwisicelo esithile?

Iifayile zinokungavuleki kwizicelo ezithile ngezizathu ezininzi: isicelo sisenokungayixhasi loo fomati yefayile; ifayile inokonakala okanye ingaphelelanga; ifayile isenokuba isebenzisa uguqulelo olutsha lwefomati kunenkxaso yesicelo; okanye ulwandiso lwefayile lusenokungangqamani neyona fomati yefayile. Ukusombulula lo mba, zama ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokuguqula ifayile ukuguqulela kwifomathi ehambelanayo, hlaziya isicelo sakho kuhlobo lwamva nje, okanye usebenzise esinye isicelo esixhasa ifomathi. Kwiifomathi zobunikazi, unokufuna isoftware ethile evela kumphuhlisi wefomathi.

Yeyiphi ifomathi yefayile ekufuneka ndiyisebenzise kugcino lwexesha elide?

Kugcino lwexesha elide, khetha iifomathi ezixhaswa ngokubanzi, ezisemgangathweni, kwaye zinokungaphelelwa lixesha. Kumaxwebhu, qwalasela iPDF/A, inguqulelo ekhethekileyo yePDF eyilelwe ngokukodwa uvimba. Kwimifanekiso, i-TIFF okanye i-DNG (yee-negatives zedijithali) lukhetho oluhle. Ngomsindo, i-WAV engaxinzelelwanga okanye i-FLAC ibonelela ngomgangatho ongalahlekiyo. Kwividiyo, qwalasela izikhongozeli zeMKV ezineekhowudi ezixhaswa ngokubanzi okanye iifomathi ezingoovimba ezifana neFFV1. Soloko ubeka phambili iifomati ezivulekileyo, ezibhaliweyo ngaphezu kwezo zobunikazi, kwaye ucinge ukwenza iikopi ezininzi kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo zedatha ebalulekileyo. Rhoqo fudusela oovimba bakho kwiifomathi ezintsha njengoko imigangatho iguquka.

Ndiguqula njani phakathi kweefomati zefayile ezahlukeneyo?

Unokuguqula phakathi kweefomati zefayile usebenzisa isoftware yoguqulo ekhethekileyo, iinkonzo zoguqulelo kwi-intanethi, okanye iimpawu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Kwiifomathi zamaxwebhu, iMicrosoft Office, LibreOffice, kunye neGoogle Docs zonke zibonelela ngeenketho zokuthumela ngaphandle kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo. Kwimifanekiso, izixhobo ezifana neAdobe Photoshop, GIMP, kunye ne-IrfanView zibonelela ngesakhono sokuguqula. Kwiaudio kunye nevidiyo, usetyenziso olunje ngeHandBrake, FFmpeg, kunye ne-Audacity lukhetho olunamandla. Iinkonzo ezininzi zasimahla ze-intanethi zikwakhona ukuze kuguqulelwe ngokulula, nangona ulumkele ukulayisha ulwazi olubuthathaka. Xa uguqula, qaphela ukuba ezinye iinguqulelo zinokukhokelela ekulahlekeni komgangatho okanye kwilahleko yeempawu, ngakumbi xa kuguqulwa ukusuka kwifomati ekwaziyo ukuya kwelula.

Yintoni ebangela ukonakala kweefayile kwaye ndingakuthintela njani?

Urhwaphilizo lwefayile lunokwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukuvalwa okungafanelekanga, ukungaphumeleli kwehardware, iibugs zesoftware, usulelo lwentsholongwane, ukudluliselwa okuphazamisekileyo, okanye ukuthotywa kwemidiya yokugcina. Ukuthintela urhwaphilizo lwefayile, yamkela ezi zenzo: sebenzisa rhoqo “ukususa ngokukhuselekileyo” ukhetho kwiidrives zangaphandle; gcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye nezicelo zihlaziyiwe; sebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus; kuphephe ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kweefayile njengokugcina okanye ukukopa; phumeza isicwangciso sokugcina rhoqo esineekopi ezininzi; sebenzisa izixhobo zokuqinisekisa iifayile ezijonga ingqibelelo yedatha; kwaye uqwalasele ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zefayile ngolungiso lwempazamo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Ukuba uneefayile ezibalulekileyo, qinisekisa rhoqo ingqibelelo yazo kwaye uzifudusele kwimidiya entsha yokugcina rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa.

Ziziphi iifomati zesikhongozeli kwaye zahluke njani kwii-codecs?

Iifomathi zesikhongozeli (ezifana neMP4, MKV, AVI) zizisongelo ezigcina imijelo emininzi yedatha efana nevidiyo, iaudio, imibhalo engezantsi, kunye nemetadata kwifayile enye. Bachaza indlela ezi zinto zicwangciswe ngayo kodwa hayi indlela owona mxholo ufakwa ngayo. I-Codecs (njenge-H.264, i-VP9, i-AAC, i-MP3) bubuchwepheshe obufaka ikhowudi kunye ne-decode ye-audio okanye imijelo yedatha yevidiyo, imisela indlela yoxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho. Ifomati yesikhongozeli esinye inokuxhasa ii-codecs ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye icodec efanayo ingasetyenziswa kwiifomathi zesikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunceda xa ulungisa iingxaki zokuhambelana, njengoko zombini isikhongozeli kunye nekhowudi kufuneka zixhaswe sisixhobo sakho sokudlala okanye isoftware.

Phonononga ngakumbi izibonelelo zeFomathi yeFayile

Gxininisa ukuqonda kwakho iifomathi zefayile ngezikhokelo zethu ezibanzi, izixhobo zokuguqula, kunye nokuqonda kwengcaphephe. Nokuba ungumchwephesha, ungumfundi, okanye ungumntu othanda izinto zokuzonwabisa, ukukhetha ifomathi eyiyo yefayile kubalulekile kumxholo wakho wedijithali.

Khangela kuzo zonke iindidi Isikhokelo soKhetho
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