Ultimate Back-to-School File Format Guide for Students and Teachers
Uxwebhu olubalulekileyo, inkcazo, umfanekiso, kunye neefomathi zemidiya zokuphumelela ezifundweni. Yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nokuhambelana kwefayile, ukuguqulwa, kunye nezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zonyaka wesikolo omtsha.
Kutheni iiFomathi zeFayile zibalulekile kubafundi nakubahlohli
Ukuqonda iifomathi zefayile kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yezifundo kwindawo yokufunda yedijithali yanamhlanje. Ukususela ekungeniseni izabelo kunye nokudala iintetho ekwabelaneni ngophando kunye nokusebenzisana noontanga, imiba yokuhambelana kweefayile inokubangela uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemveliso ngexesha lonyaka wesikolo oxakekileyo.
Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siya kunceda abafundi, ootitshala, kunye nabazali bajonge kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo leefomati zefayile yedijithali, beqinisekisa ukuhambelana komthungo kuzo zonke izixhobo, amaqonga, kunye nezicelo kuwo wonke unyaka wokufunda.
Iifomathi zoXwebhu eziBalulekileyo zeMpumelelo kwiZifundo
Iifomathi zeMicrosoft Word (DOCX, DOC)
Iifomathi zeMicrosoft Word zisemgangathweni wamaphepha emfundo, izincoko kunye neengxelo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-DOC endala kunye neefomathi ze-DOCX zanamhlanje kubalulekile ukuze zihambelane.
- DOCX: Ifomati yanamhlanje esekwe kwi-XML (emva kowama-2007) eneempawu ezongeziweyo, ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci, kunye nokhetho olungcono lokubuyisela.
- DOC: Ifomathi yelifa iyahambelana neenguqulelo ezindala zeWord kodwa ezineempawu ezimbalwa kunye neesayizi ezinkulu zeefayile
- Uninzi lwefomati ehambelanayo yezabelo ezifuna utshintsho lwengoma, izimvo, kunye nokugcinwa kokufomatha
PDF (iFomathi yoXwebhu oluphathekayo)
Ifomathi yePDF iqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu akho ajongeka ngokufanayo nokuba sisiphi isixhobo, inkqubo yokusebenza, okanye isoftwe, iwenza alungele ukufakwa kokugqibela kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni.
- Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye namaqonga
- Igcina ukufomathwa okuchanekileyo, iifonti, kunye noyilo nokuba lombukeli
- Ixhasa utyikityo lwedijithali kunye nokhuseleko lwamaxwebhu kumaphepha asemthethweni
Google Docs & Office 365 Cloud Formats
Iifomathi zamaxwebhu asekelwe kwifu zibonelela ngexesha langempela lentsebenziswano iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi zeqela kunye neendawo zokufunda ezikude.
- Intsebenziswano yexesha lokwenyani nabafundi ofunda nabo kunye nootitshala
- Ukugcinwa okuzenzekelayo kunye nembali yoguqulelo lokubuyisela umsebenzi wangaphambili
- Iyafikeleleka kuso nasiphi na isixhobo esinoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi
Iifomathi zeSibhalo esingenanto (TXT, RTF, Markdown)
Iifomathi zeteksti ezilula zibonelela ngokuhambelana okuphezulu kumanqaku asisiseko kunye nomxholo ngaphandle kweemfuno zokufomatha.
- TXT: Ukuhambelana kwendawo yonke kunye nesayizi encinci yefayile, ilungele amanqaku kunye nekhowudi
- I-RTF: I-Rich Text Format ixhasa ukufomatha okusisiseko ngelixa igcina ukuhambelana okubanzi
- Ukumakisha: Idume ngokuthatha amanqaku edijithali kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo
Iifomathi zespreadsheet (XLSX, XLS, CSV)
Iifomathi ezibalulekileyo zohlalutyo lwedatha, izibalo, kunye nokulungelelanisa ulwazi lweeprojekthi zophando kunye neengxelo zelebhu.
- XLSX: Ifomathi ye-Excel yanamhlanje eneempawu eziphambili kunye noxinzelelo olungcono lwedatha
- XLS: Ifomathi yeLifa le-Excel yokuhambelana neenkqubo ezindala
- CSV: Ifomathi yamaxabiso eyahlulwe ngokwesikoma jikelele kutshintshiselwano lwedatha olulula phakathi kwezicelo
Vula iiFomati zoXwebhu (ODT, ODS, ODP)
Iindlela ezivulelekileyo zomthombo kwiifomathi zobunini eziqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kwexesha elide kunye nokuhambelana kwiisuti zeeofisi ezahlukeneyo.
- I-ODT: Vula ifomathi yeSibhalo soXwebhu exhaswa yi-LibreOffice, i-OpenOffice, kunye nabaninzi abaguquleli bamagama bale mihla
- I-ODS: Vula i-Document Spreadsheet yedatha kunye nokubala
- ODP: Vula iNkcazelo yoXwebhu ukulungiselela imiboniso yezilayidi kunye nomboniso
Iifomathi zeNgcaciso yeeProjekthi eziMdlayo zeMfundo
Iifomathi zePowerPoint (PPTX, PPT)
I-Microsoft PowerPoint ihleli ikumgangatho wegolide wonikezelo lwezifundo, kunye neempawu zale mihla kwiPPTX kunye nokuhambelana kwelifa kwiPPT.
- I-PPTX: Ifomati yanamhlanje esekwe kwi-XML enoopopayi, iinguqulelo kunye nenkxaso yemultimedia
- PPT: Ifomathi yelifa lokuhambelana neenguqulelo ezindala zePowerPoint
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yeenkcazo-ntetho ezifuna oopopayi abakwizinga eliphezulu kunye neendaba ezizinzisiweyo
Izilayidi zikaGoogle
Iqonga lokubonisa elisekelwe kwilifu elilungele iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano kunye nokufikeleleka kuso nasiphi na isixhobo esinokufikelela kwi-intanethi.
- Iimpawu zentsebenziswano yexesha lokwenyani ukulungiselela imiboniso yeqela
- Ukugcina ilifu oluzenzekelayo ngembali yoguqulelo
- Iyahambelana nePowerPoint yokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kusetyenziso lweqonga
Inqaku eliphambili
Isoftware kaApple yokubonisa ibonelela ngeetemplates ezintle kunye neziphumo zokubonisa okumangalisayo kwezifundo kwizixhobo zeMac kunye ne-iOS.
- Ubuchule boyilo obuphezulu kunye neetemplate zobungcali
- Indibaniselwano engenamthungo kunye nezinye ii-apps zemveliso ze-Apple
- Ingathumela ngaphandle kwifomathi yePowerPoint yokwabelana ngeqonga
PDF Iintetho
Ukuguqula iintetho kwiPDF kuqinisekisa ukuboniswa okungaguqukiyo kuzo zonke izixhobo, zilungele ukuhanjiswa xa ungazukuba ngumbonisi.
- Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kokwabelana ngeenjingalwazi kunye nabafundi ofunda nabo
- Igcina lonke ufomato, iifonti, kunye nemifanekiso kanye ngendlela eyilwe ngayo
- Ilungele unikezelo lwezinikezelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-elektroniki
Iifomathi zeMifanekiso yeeProjekthi zeMfundo kunye nezabelo
JPEG/JPG ifomathi
Eyona ifomathi yemifanekiso eqhelekileyo, ifanelekile kwiifoto kunye nemifanekiso enzima kwizabelo kunye neentetho.
- Uxinzelelo olugqwesileyo lweefoto kunye nemifanekiso eyinyani
- Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kuwo onke amaqonga kunye nosetyenziso
- Eyona nto ingcono kwimifanekiso enemibala emininzi kunye neegradient
iPNG ifomathi
Ifomathi yocinezelo engenalahleko exhasa ukungafihli, ilungele imizobo, iitshathi, kunye nemizobo enesicatshulwa.
- Ixhasa ukungafihli kunye nemijelo yealpha yemifanekiso elayishiweyo
- Ukunyanzeliswa okungenakulahlekelwa kugcina imigca ebukhali kunye nokucaca kwesicatshulwa
- Ifanelekile kwiscreenshots, imizobo, kunye neetshathi kwiingxelo
Ubume beSVG
Ifomathi esekwe kwiVector elinganisa ngokugqibeleleyo nakweyiphi na isayizi, iyimfuneko kwidayagramu, iitshati eziqukuqelayo, kunye nemifanekiso yesayensi.
- Ngokungenasiphelo scalable ngaphandle ilahleko umgangatho nakuphi na ubungakanani umboniso
- Ilungele iitshathi, iigrafu, kunye nemifanekiso yobugcisa
- Ubungakanani befayile encinci kwimizobo enzima kunye nezinto ezisebenzisanayo
Ubume be-TIFF
Ifomati ekumgangatho ophezulu engalahlekiyo esetyenziswa ekufotweni, kwimifanekiso yezenzululwazi, kunye noshicilelo olufuna iinkcukacha eziphezulu.
- Owona mgangatho uphezulu wogcino lwemifanekiso yenzululwazi kunye nemifanekiso yophando
- Ixhasa iileya kunye noxinzelelo olungenakulahleka
- Ikhethwa kwimifanekiso eza kuhlela okanye uhlalutyo oluninzi
Ifomathi yeGIF
Ixhasa oopopayi abalula, abagqibeleleyo ekuboniseni iinkqubo okanye iikhonsepthi kwiinkcazo-ntetho kunye nezabelo zedijithali.
- Ixhasa oopopayi ekuboniseni iinkqubo ezilandelelanayo
- Ubungakanani befayile encinci yeepopayi ezilula kunye nemizobo
- Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amaqonga kunye nezikhangeli
Ubume beWebP
Ifomathi yangoku ephuhliswe nguGoogle ebonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwizabelo ezisekwe kwiwebhu kunye neepotfoliyo zedijithali.
- Ubungakanani beefayile ezincinci kuneJPEG ezinomgangatho ongcono weeprojekthi ze-intanethi
- Ixhasa ilahleko kunye nokunyanzeliswa okungalahlekiyo
- Ilungele amaqonga okufunda kwi-intanethi kunye neentetho ezisekwe kwiwebhu
Iifomathi zeAudiyo kunye neVidiyo yezabelo zeMultimedia
Ubume beVidiyo yeMP4
Umgangatho wendalo yonke wezabelo zevidiyo kunye neenkcazo-ntetho, ezibonelela ngomgangatho obalaseleyo kunye nokuhambelana.
- Isebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye namaqonga
- Ibhalansisa umgangatho kunye nobungakanani befayile yokwabelana ngokufanelekileyo
- Ixhasa i-codecs ye-H.264 / H.265 yoxinzelelo oluphezulu
Ubume beVidiyo ye-MOV
Ifomathi ye-Apple’s QuickTime ibonelela ngekhwalithi ephezulu yeeprojekthi zemultimedia, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa iinkqubo zeMac.
- Umgangatho ophakamileyo wenkcazo yeprojekthi kunye nezabelo zevidiyo
- Ifomathi ehlala ikho xa urekhoda kwizixhobo ze-Apple
- Igqwesileyo ekugcineni umgangatho wevidiyo wokuqala
IFomathi yeVidiyo yeWebM
Ifomati yomthombo ovulekileyo ilungele iinkqubo zolawulo lokufunda ezisekwe kwiwebhu kunye nokungeniswa kwezifundo ezikwi-intanethi.
- Ilungiselelwe amaqonga okufunda kwi-intanethi kunye nokudityaniswa kwewebhu
- Uxinzelelo olugqwesileyo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho
- Ifomati yomthombo ovulekileyo enenkxaso yesikhangeli esibanzi
MP3 ifomathi yomsindo
Umgangatho wendalo yonke wezabelo zomsindo, iipodcasts, kunye neentetho ezirekhodiweyo ezinokuhambelana okugqwesileyo.
- Ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye namaqonga
- Uxinzelelo olugqwesileyo lokurekhodwa kwelizwi kunye nomculo
- Ifanelekile kwizabelo zolwimi kunye neenkcazo ezirekhodiweyo
WAV iFomathi yomsindo
Ifomathi yeaudio engaxinzelelwanga egcina umgangatho ophezulu, ilungele umculo kunye nezifundo zokuvelisa umsindo.
- Umgangatho oLasless wemveliso yomsindo kunye nezifundo zomculo
- Ilungele iiprojekthi ezifuna ukuhlelwa komsindo kunye nokuqhubekeka
- Ifomathi esemgangathweni yokurekhoda komgangatho ophezulu
I-FLAC iFomathi yomsindo
Umthombo ovulekileyo wefomati yeaudio engalahlekanga enikezela ngomgangatho ogqibeleleyo kunye neesayizi ezincinci zeefayile kune-WAV.
- Uxinzelelo olungenalahleko lugcina umgangatho womsindo
- I-30-50% encinci kune-WAV ngelixa igcina umgangatho
- Ifanelekile kwimveliso yomculo kunye nezabelo zobunjineli bomsindo
Isikhokelo sokuNhambelana kweFomathi yeFayile yaBafundi
I-Cross-Platform kunye ne-Application Compatibility
Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iifomati ezisebenza ngcono kuwo onke amaqonga ahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo kubalulekile kwintsebenziswano engenamthungo kunye nokungeniswa kwezabelo. Esi sikhokelo sikunceda ukuba ukhethe ifomathi efanelekileyo kuyo yonke imeko.
IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo zokuSetyenziswa kweFomathi yeFayile eSikolweni
Qwalasela iiMfuno zeSabelo
Soloko uqinisekisa ifomathi yefayile efunekayo kwimiyalelo yesabelo sakho phambi kokuba uyingenise. Iinjingalwazi zihlala zichaza iifomathi ezikhethwayo zokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nesoftware yazo yokuhlelwa kunye nokuthintela imiba yobugcisa enokulibazisa ingxelo okanye ibangele uphoswe ngamaxesha.
Sebenzisa iiFomathi zeHlabathi zoKwabelana
Xa usebenzisana nabafundi ofunda nabo okanye usabelana ngeefayile nootitshala, beka phambili iifomathi zendalo iphela njengePDF yamaxwebhu, iMP4 yeevidiyo, kunye neMP3 yomsindo. Ezi fomati ziqinisekisa ukujonga okuhambelanayo kunye nokudlala kuzo zonke izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zokusebenza, kunye neenguqulelo zesoftware, ukunciphisa imiba yokuhambelana.
Gcina iiFayile eziSebenzayo kwiiFomathi zoMthonyama
Ngelixa usebenza kwizabelo, gcina iifayile zakho kwimo yendalo yesicelo sakho (i-DOCX ye-Word, i-PPTX ye-PowerPoint, njl.njl.) ukugcina zonke izakhono zokuhlela. Ezi fomati zigcina iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana notshintsho lweengoma, oopopayi, kunye nokhetho lokufomatha olunokulahleka xa luguqulelwa kwiifomati zendalo iphela.
Yenza iiNguqulelo zePDF zokungeniswa kokugqibela
Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela, yenza uguqulelo lwePDF kuxwebhu lwakho lokugqibela phambi kokungeniswa. IiPDF zitshixa ukufomatha kwakho, iifonti, kunye noyilo kanye ngendlela oyilwe ngayo, ukuthintela naluphi na utshintsho olungalindelekanga xa luvulwa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwesoftware yanamhlanje ivumela ukuthunyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwifomathi yePDF.
Cinezela iiFayile ezinkulu zokwabelana
Ngaphambi kokulayisha iintetho ezinkulu, iividiyo, okanye ukuqokelelwa kwemifanekiso kwiinkqubo zolawulo lokufunda, zicinezele ngokufanelekileyo. Sebenzisa iifayile ze-ZIP kuqokelelo lwamaxwebhu, khulisa imifanekiso kwizisombululo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ucinezele iividiyo kwiibitrate ezifanelekileyo ngelixa ugcina umgangatho owaneleyo wokuvavanya.
Bandakanya amanani enguqulelo kumaGama eeFayile
Xa usebenza ngeidrafti ezininzi okanye uhlaziyo, bandakanya amanani enguqulelo okanye imihla kumagama efayile yakho (umzekelo, “Research_Paper_v2.docx” okanye “Presentation_Draft_09-15.pptx”). Le ndibano ilula yamagama inqanda ukubhideka, inceda ukulandelela inkqubela, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba uthumela olona guqulelo lwangoku lomsebenzi wakho.
Uvavanyo phambi kokungeniswa
Emva kokuguqula iifayile kwiifomathi zokungeniswa, zivule kwisixhobo esahlukileyo okanye kwisicelo esahlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ibonakala icwangcisiwe. Olu qwalaselo lukhawulezayo lunokubamba imiba yokufomatha, iifonti ezingekhoyo, amakhonkco ophukileyo, okanye iingxaki zokudlala kwimidiya phambi kokuba utitshala wakho adibane nazo ngexesha lokuhlelwa.
Isikhokelo sokuGuqulwa kweFomathi yeFayile yaBafundi
Ukuguqula iiFomathi zoXwebhu
Iifomati ezininzi zamaxwebhu zinokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwezicelo zazo zendalo ngokuthi “Gcina Njenge” okanye “Thumela ngaphandle” imisebenzi.
- Igama kwiPDF: Sebenzisa iFayile> Gcina njenge> PDF okanye Thumela ngaphandle> Yenza iPDF
- Amaxwebhu kaGoogle ukuya kwiLizwi: Ifayile > Khuphela > iMicrosoft Word (.docx)
- I-ODT ukuya kwi-DOCX: Ifayile > Gcina Njenge > Khetha .docx ifomathi
Ukuguqula iiFomati zoMfanekiso
Ukuguqulwa komfanekiso kunokwenziwa ngesoftware yokuhlela ifoto, abaguquli be-intanethi, okanye izixhobo ezisisiseko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
- JPEG ukuya kwiPNG: Vula kumhleli wemifanekiso kwaye Gcina njenge/Thumela ngaphandle njengePNG
- Umfanekiso weskrini kwiPDF: Ncamathisela imifanekiso kuxwebhu kwaye uthumele njengePDF
- TIFF ukuya kwiJPEG: Vula kwiPreview (Mac) okanye Iifoto (Windows) kwaye uthumele ngaphandle/ugcine njengeJPEG
Ukuguqula iiFomathi zeVidiyo
Uguqulelo lwevidiyo luhlala lufuna isoftware ekhethekileyo kodwa lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana nokudlala.
- MOV ukuya kwiMP4: Sebenzisa iziguquli zasimahla ezifana ne-HandBrake okanye iinkonzo ze-intanethi
- Nciphisa ubungakanani bevidiyo: Cofa iividiyo ngelixa ugcina umgangatho owamkelekileyo
- Ushicilelo lwesikrini: Thumela ngefomathi yeMP4 ukuze ihambelane nehlabathi
Ukuguqula iiFomati zeAudio
Ukuguqulwa komsindo kuqinisekisa ukuba urekhodo lwakho kunye neeprojekthi zomculo ziyafikeleleka koonjingalwazi kunye nabo ufunda nabo.
- WAV ukuya MP3: Sebenzisa i-Audacity (simahla) okanye abanye abahleli beaudio
- Iimemo zelizwi: Thumela ngaphandle ushicilelo kwiMP3 ifomathi yokwabelana
- Iiprojekthi zoMculo: Ukuthumela ngaphandle kuzo zombini umgangatho ophezulu (WAV/FLAC) kunye neefomathi ezicinezelweyo (MP3).
Ukuguqula iiFomathi zeNgcaciso
Qinisekisa ukuba iinkcazo-ntetho zakho zisebenza kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga.
- I-PowerPoint kwiPDF: Igcina uyilo kodwa ilahleke oopopayi
- Inqaku eliphambili kwi-PowerPoint: Ifayile > Thumela ngaphandle ukuya > PowerPoint
- Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweZilayidi zikaGoogle: Ifayile > Khuphela > iMicrosoft PowerPoint
Izixhobo zokuguqulela kwi-Intanethi
Iinkonzo zoguqulo ezisekwe kwiWebhu zibonelela ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo xa ungenayo isoftware ekhethekileyo.
- Iziguquli zasimahla ze-intanethi zoguqulelo lwefomathi eqhelekileyo
- Iinketho ezisekwe kwilifu ngeGoogle Drive kunye neMicrosoft OneDrive
- Qwalasela ubumfihlo kunye nesayizi yefayile umda xa usebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neeFomathi zeeFayile zezifundo
Yeyiphi ifomathi yefayile ekufuneka ndiyisebenzise xa ndingenisa ithisisi yam yokugqibela okanye dissertation?
Kwithisisi yokugqibela okanye dissertation ukuhanjiswa, iPDF iphantse yakhethwa kwihlabathi liphela. I-PDF/Ifomathi, eyilelwe ngokukodwa iinjongo zoovimba, iqinisekisa ukuba uxwebhu lwakho luya kuhlala lufikeleleka kwaye lufomathwe ngokufanelekileyo amashumi eminyaka. Uninzi lweeyunivesithi zinezikhokelo ezithe ngqo zokungeniswa kwethisisi ye-elektroniki kunye ne-dissertation (ETD), ke jonga iimfuno zeziko lakho. Gcina ifayile yakho yoqobo yomqhubekekisi wegama (.docx, .odt) kulo naluphi na uhlaziyo lwexesha elizayo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona komxholo.
Kutheni ukufomatha kwam ngamanye amaxesha kutshintsha xa ndisabelana ngamaxwebhu nabantwana endifunda nabo?
Utshintsho lokufomatha ngokwesiqhelo lwenzeka ngenxa yomahluko wefonti, ukungahambelani kwenguqulelo, okanye ukwahluka kweqonga. Ukunciphisa lo mba: (1) Sebenzisa iifonti eziqhelekileyo eziqukwe kwiinkqubo ezininzi ( Arial, Times New Roman, Calibri ); (2) Yabelana ngefomathi yePDF xa ugcino lokufomatha lubalulekile; (3) Ukuba usebenzisa i-Word, yenza u-“Yilungisela iifonti kwifayile” ukhetho kwi-Word’s save settings; 4
Ndingawunciphisa njani ubungakanani befayile yonikezelo lwam ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomgangatho?
Ukunciphisa ubungakanani befayile yokubonisa: (1) Cofa imifanekiso phambi kokuba uyifake (cofa ekunene kwimifanekiso ekwiPowerPoint uze ukhethe u-“Compress Pictures”); (2) Sebenzisa iifomati zemifanekiso elungiselelwe iwebhu njengeJPEG yeefoto kunye nePNG yeegraphics ezinemvelaphi ecacileyo; (3) Lungisa iifonti endaweni yokuncamathisela; (4) Susa izilayidi kunye neetemplates ezingasetyenziswanga; (5) Kuphephe ukubethelela iifayile zevidiyo-endaweni yoko, zicinezele ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye uzidibanise; (6) Sebenzisa iPowerPoint’s “Gcina Njenge” ngo “Nciphisa ubungakanani beFayile” ekhethiweyo. Kwimiboniso emikhulu kakhulu, cinga ukwahlulahlula kwiifayile ezininzi okanye ukusebenzisa ukugcinwa kwelifu kunye nokwabelana ngamakhonkco.
Yeyiphi eyona fomati yokubandakanya idatha kunye nespredishithi kwizabelo zam?
Ukubandakanya idatha kwizabelo: (1) Kwiitheyibhile zedatha ezisisiseko ezingayi kufuna ukubalwa kwakhona, zifakele ngqo kuxwebhu lwakho okanye uziguqulele kwiPDF; (2) Ukufumana idatha edibeneyo efuna ukubala okanye ukuguqulwa, ngenisa i-Excel yasekuqaleni (XLSX) okanye ifayile ye-Google Sheets; (3) Ukufikelela jikelele kwidatha ekrwada, qwalasela ifomathi ye-CSV, enokuvulwa ngayo nayiphi na inkqubo yespreadsheet okanye isixhobo sokuhlalutya idatha; (4) Kwiidatha ezinkulu, qwalasela ukubonelela zombini idatha eluhlaza (CSV) kunye nefayile yakho yokuhlalutya (XLSX); (5) Njalo zibandakanya iiheader ezicacileyo, iiyunithi zokulinganisa, kunye nesicatshulwa somthombo wedatha kungakhathaliseki ukuba yifomathi.
Ndingafometha kwaye ndizigcine njani izicatshulwa kunye neebhibliyografi zamaphepha emfundo?
Ukufumana ucaphulo kunye neebhibliyografi: (1) Sebenzisa isoftware yolawulo lokucaphula njengeZotero, Mendeley, okanye i-EndNote ukugcina ukufomatha okuhambelanayo; (2) Thumela ucaphulo kwiifomathi ezihambelanayo neprosesa yakho yamagama (.bib yeLaTeX, .xml yeWord); (3) Gcina uxwebhu lwakho ngendlela efanayo nephepha lakho; (4) Kwiiprojekthi zentsebenziswano, cinga ukusebenzisa amathala eencwadi ekwabelwana ngawo; (5) Ngalo lonke ixesha gcina i-backup yedatha yakho yocaphulo ngokwahlukileyo kwiphepha lakho; (6) Xa uhambisa amaphepha okugqibela, qinisekisa ukuba izicatshulwa zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba zixhunywe kwiifayile zangaphandle ukukhusela iireferensi ezaphukileyo.
Zeziphi iifomathi zefayile ezisebenza ngcono ekungeniseni izabelo ngeenkqubo zolawulo lokufunda?
Kwiisistim zolawulo lokufunda (LMS) njengeCanvas, iBlabhodi, okanye iMoodle: (1) I-PDF yeyona fomati ikhuselekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukujongwa okufanayo kunye nokuthintela ukuhlela; (2) I-DOCX ixhaswa ngokubanzi kodwa ingabonisa ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kumbukeli; (3) Khangela imida yesayizi yefayile-uninzi lwamaqonga e-LMS anobungakanani obukhulu bokulayisha (ngokuqhelekileyo i-10-100MB); (4) Kwiiprojekthi zemultimedia, cinezela iividiyo kwifomathi yeMP4 ngebitrate ephakathi; (5) Ukuba uthumela iifayile ezininzi, cinga ngokuzidibanisa zibe yi-ZIP enye; (6) Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba ungeniso lwakho luvela ngokuchanekileyo emva kokufakwa ngokusebenzisa inqaku elithi “student view” xa likhona.
Ndingaqinisekisa njani ukuba ipotfoliyo yam yedijithali iyafikeleleka kuzo zonke izixhobo ezahlukeneyo?
Ukufikelela kwipotfoliyo yedijithali yesixhobo esinqamlezileyo: (1) Sebenzisa i-HTML/CSS ephendulayo kwiipotfoliyo ezisekwe kwiwebhu; (2) Guqula umsebenzi woyilo ube yiPDF ngeefonti ezizinzisiweyo; (3) Sebenzisa iMP4 yesiqulatho sevidiyo enombhalo wekhowudi we-H.264; (4) Lungiselela imifanekiso ukulinganisa umgangatho kunye nobukhulu befayile (JPEG yeefoto, iPNG yeegraphics); (5) Uvavanyo kwizixhobo ezininzi kunye nezikhangeli ngaphambi kokwabelana; (6) Cinga ngokudala zombini iinguqulelo eziphezulu zesisombululo sokujongwa ngokucokisekileyo kunye neenguqulelo ezicinezelweyo zokulayisha ngokukhawuleza; (7) Bandakanya ezinye iindlela zombhalo womxholo obonwayo; (8) Ukubonelela ngokukhuphela amakhonkco kwiinketho zokujonga ngaphandle kwe-intanethi.
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela yokwabelana ngeefayile ezinkulu kunye neenjingalwazi okanye ofunda nabo?
Ukwabelana ngeefayile ezinkulu: (1) Sebenzisa indawo yokugcina ilifu evunyiweyo (iGoogle Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox) ngeemvume ezifanelekileyo zokwabelana; (2) Cofa iifayile usebenzisa i-ZIP okanye iifomati zeRAR ukunciphisa ubungakanani; (3) Yahlula iifayile ezinkulu kakhulu zibe ngamacandelo amancinci xa kuyimfuneko; (4) Kwiiprojekthi zevidiyo, yenza inguqulelo ecinezelweyo ukuze ujongwe ngokulula kwaye unikeze inguqulelo ekumgangatho ophezulu xa uyicela; (5) Sebenzisa iinkonzo zokudlulisa iifayile ezingafuni abamkeli ukuba benze iiakhawunti; (6) Bandakanya amagama acacileyo eefayile kunye nombutho; (7) Qinisekisa umsebenzi wokukhuphela amakhonkco ngaphambi kokwabelana kwaye usete imihla efanelekileyo yokuphela kokhuseleko.
Ngaba ulungele uNyaka oMpumelelo weZifundo?
Iifomathi zefayile eziphambili zokulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi, uqinisekise ukuhambelana, kunye nokungenisa izabelo ezingenasiphako. Bookmark esi sikhokelo ukuze usisebenzise ngokukhawuleza unyaka wonke wesikolo.