Fakahinohino ki he Founga Faile Ngaohi ‘o e Musika

Mahino ‘a e ngaahi fotunga ‘o e le’o ‘o e Lossless vs.

Ko e tefito’i faikehekehe ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e lossless mo e lossy ‘o e ngaahi fotunga ‘o e le’o ‘oku ne fa’u ‘a e ivitu’a ‘o e ngaahi tu’utu’uni ‘o e workflow ‘o e ngaohi ‘o e mūsika. Lossless formats hange ko e WAV, FLAC, mo e AIFF fakatolonga ‘a e konga kotoa pe ‘o e fakamatala ‘o e ‘uluaki le’o, ‘o ‘ai ke nau mahu’inga ki he lekooti fakapalofesinale, fefiofi, mo e mastering. ‘Oku tauhi ‘e he ngaahi fotunga ko ‘eni ‘a e faitotonu kakato ‘o e le’o ka ‘oku iku ia ki he ngaahi faile lahi ange, ‘oku angamaheni ‘aki ‘a e 5-10 taimi lahi ange ‘i honau ngaahi hoa ngaue compressed. ‘Oku faka’aonga’i ‘e he ngaahi fotunga ‘o e mole hange ko e MP3, AAC, mo e OGG ‘a e ngaahi founga psychoacoustic ke to’o ‘a e fakamatala ‘o e le’o ‘oku lau ‘oku si’isi’i ange ‘a e perceptible ki he fanongo ‘a e tangata. Lolotonga ‘oku fakasi’isi’i lahi ‘e he me’a ni ‘a e ngaahi lahi ‘o e faile, ‘oku ne fakafe’iloaki ‘a e faka’auha ‘o e tu’unga lelei tu’uma’u ‘oku fakataha’i ‘aki ‘a e siakale takitaha ‘o e encoding. ‘Oku mahu’inga ‘aupito ‘a e mahino ‘o e fefakatau’aki ko ‘eni ki he kau ngaohi ‘oku nau fie ma’u ke fakapalanisi ‘a e ngaahi fakangatangata ‘o e tanaki’anga mo e ngaahi fie ma’u ‘o e tu’unga lelei ‘o e le’o ‘i he kotoa ‘o ‘enau paipa ngaohi.

Ngaahi tu’unga fakapalofesinale ‘o e Studio: WAV mo e AIFF

WAV (Waveform Faile ‘o e le’o ‘o e fotunga) mo e AIFF (Fotunga ‘o e faile ‘o e fefakatau’aki ‘o e le’o) ‘oku ne fakafofonga’i ‘a e tu’unga koula ki hono ngaohi ‘o e mūsika fakapalofesinale. ‘Oku poupou’i ‘e he ongo fotunga ‘a e le’o PCM ‘oku ‘ikai ke fakafefeka’i ‘i he loloto kehekehe ‘o e si’isi’i (16, 24, 32-si’isi’i) mo e ngaahi tu’unga sipinga (44.1kHz, 48kHz, 96kHz, 192kHz), mo e 24-si’isi’i/48kHz ko e tu’unga fakaonopooni ‘o e studio. Ko e fili ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e WAV mo e AIFF ‘oku fa’a hifo ia ki he ngaahi manako ‘o e peletifoomu-WAV na’e tupu ia ‘i he Windows lolotonga ia na’e fakatupulaki ‘e he AIFF ‘a e Apple-ka ‘oku na fakatou ‘oatu ‘a e tu’unga lelei ‘o e le’o tatau. ‘Oku mahulu hake ‘a e ngaahi fotunga ko ‘eni ‘i he ngaahi fakataha lekooti ‘o e ngaahi hala lahi, tu’uaki ‘o e stem, mo e tanaki’anga ‘o e archival ‘a ia ‘oku mahu’inga taha ai ‘a e faitotonu kakato. Ka neongo ia, ‘e lava ke fakamafasia’i ‘e honau ngaahi faile lahi ‘a e ngaahi sisitemi tanaki’anga mo e bandwidth ‘o e netiueka lolotonga ‘a e ngaahi poloseki fengaue’aki. Ko ha hiva miniti ‘e 4 ‘e taha ‘i he 24-si’isi’i/48kHz stereo ‘oku ne nofo’i ‘a e fakafuofua ki he 60MB, ‘o ‘ai ke mahu’inga ‘a e pule’i lelei ‘o e faile ki he ngaahi ngaue lalahi.

• Faka’aonga’i ‘a e loloto ‘o e 24-si’isi’i ki he lekooti mo e fefiofi ke tauhi ‘a e headroom .
• Fili 48kHz sipinga ‘o e tu’unga ki he vitio sync fe’unga .
• Ta’ofi ‘a e 96kHz/192kHz ki he ngaahi polokalama makehe ‘o e mastering .

Fakamālohi’i ‘o e Lossless fakaonopooni: FLAC mo e ALAC .

Kuo ‘asi mai ‘a e FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) ko e fotunga ‘oku manakoa ‘a e lossless ki he kau ngaohi tokolahi koe’uhi ko ‘ene ma’olunga ange ‘a e compression ‘a e lelei mo e natula ‘o e ma’u’anga fakamatala ‘oku fakaava. ‘Oku angamaheni ‘aki hono fakasi’isi’i ‘e he FLAC ‘a e ngaahi faile ‘e he 40-60% ‘i hono fakafehoanaki ki he WAV lolotonga hono tauhi ‘o e si’isi’i-haohaoa ‘o e fakatupu ‘o e le’o. Ko hono mafola ‘o e fe’unga ‘i he DAWs mo e ‘ikai ha ngaahi fakangatangata ‘o e pateni ‘oku ne ‘ai ia ke ne lelei ‘aupito ki he poloseki ‘o e archiving mo e fengaue’aki ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e ngaahi ‘atakai kehekehe ‘o e studio. ‘Oku ngaue ‘a e Apple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC) ki ha taumu’a tatau ‘i loto ‘i he ‘ekosisitemi ‘o e Apple, ‘o ‘oatu ‘a e ngaahi ‘inasi ‘o e compression fakafehoanaki mo e fakataha’i ‘o e seamless ki he Logic Pro mo e ngaahi polokalama fakakomipiuta kehe ‘a e Apple. ‘Oku poupou’i ‘e he ongo fotunga ‘a e metadata embedding, ‘o faka’ata ‘a e kau ngaohi ke tauhi ‘a e fakamatala fakaikiiki ‘o e session, ngaahi fakamatala ‘o e ngaohi, mo e fakamatala ‘o e totonu pulusi ‘i loto ‘i he ngaahi faile ‘o e ongo ‘iate kinautolu pe. ‘Oku fakamo’oni’i ‘e he malava ko ‘eni ‘o e metadata ‘oku mahu’inga ‘aupito ki he ngaahi laipeli sipinga lalahi mo e ngaahi poloseki fengaue’aki ‘oku fie ma’u ‘a e ngaahi tohi fakaikiiki.

Tufaki-Mateuteu Founga: MP3 mo e AAC

Neongo ‘oku mole ‘a e ngaahi fotunga, MP3 mo e AAC ‘oku nau fakahoko ‘a e ngaahi fatongia mahu’inga ‘i he workflow ‘o e ngaohi’anga koloa fakaonopooni, tautautefito ki he ngaahi tomu’a sio ‘a e kau client, teuteu ‘o e streaming, mo e vahevahe vave ‘o e faile. ‘Oku hanga ‘e he MP3 ‘o e fe’unga ‘a e ‘univeesi ‘o ‘ai ke mahu’inga ki he tufaki’anga koloa ‘o e demo, neongo ‘oku fakahaa’i ‘e hono ta’u motu’a ‘i he ‘aonga ‘i hono fakafehoanaki ki he codecs fo’ou ange. Ki he ngaahi taumu’a ‘o e ngaohi, encoding ‘i he 320kbps CBR (Tu’unga ma’u pe ‘o e Bit) ‘oku ne ‘omi ‘a e output MP3 tu’unga ma’olunga taha, ‘oku fe’unga mo e lahi taha ‘o e ngaahi polokalama fakapalofesinale. Kuo fetongi lahi ‘e he AAC ‘a e MP3 ‘i he tu’unga ‘o e tu’unga lelei-ki he-lahi ‘o e ‘uhinga, ‘o ‘oatu ‘a e faitotonu ‘o e le’o ma’olunga ange ‘i he bitrates tatau. ‘Oku faka’aonga’i ‘e he ngaahi tu’unga streaming lalahi kau ai ‘a e Apple Music, YouTube, mo e tokolahi kehe ‘a e AAC ko ‘enau founga tu’uaki tefito. ‘Oku tokoni ‘a e mahino ‘a e ngaahi ‘ulungaanga encoding ‘o e ngaahi tu’unga ko ‘eni ki he kau ngaohi ke fakalelei’i honau kau ‘eiki ‘o fakatatau ki ai. Hange ko ‘eni, ‘Ilo’i ‘oku Spotify transcodes ‘a e ngaahi ‘oatu ki he OGG Vorbis ‘e lava ke ne uesia ‘a e ngaahi tu’utu’uni mastering mo e ngaahi founga pule’i ‘o e tu’unga lelei.

• Faka’ilonga’i ‘a e ngaahi faka’ali’ali MP3 ‘i he 320kbps CBR ki he tu’unga ma’uma’uluta .
• Faka’aonga’i ‘a e AAC ki he fakalelei’i ‘o e tu’unga streaming .
• Master ma’u pe mei he ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni lossless, ‘oua na’a teitei transcode ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e ngaahi fotunga mole .

Ngaahi Founga Ngaohi Makehe

‘I he tafa’aki ‘o e ngaahi fotunga ‘o e le’o angamaheni, ‘oku fa’a fie ma’u ‘e he ngaohi ‘o e mūsika ‘a e ngaahi fa’ahinga faile makehe ki he ngaahi polokalama pau. DSD (Fakahangatonu ‘a e vaitafe fakakomipiuta) ‘oku fakafofonga’i ‘e he ngaahi faile ‘a e fili faitotonu ma’olunga taha ki he ngaahi tukuange ‘o e audiophile, ‘o faka’aonga’i ‘a e 1-si’isi’i encoding ‘i he ngaahi tu’unga sipinga ma’olunga ‘aupito (2.8MHz mo ‘olunga). Lolotonga ‘oku ‘ikai ke ‘aonga ki he ngaue ‘o e ngaohi’anga koloa faka’aho, kuo ma’u ‘e he DSD mastering ‘a e to’oto’o ki he ngaahi tukuange ‘o e kalasi mo e jazz ‘o e tu’unga ma’olunga ‘a ia ‘oku fakatonuhia’i ai ‘e he tu’unga faka’osi ‘o e le’o ‘a e faingata’a ‘o e workflow. REX faile, fakatupulaki ‘e he Propellerhead, revolutionized ‘a e ngaohi ‘o e loop-fakava’e ‘aki hono fakahu ‘a e tempo mo e fakamatala ‘o e slice ‘o fakahangatonu ki he ngaahi sipinga ‘o e le’o. ‘Oku faka’ata ‘e he ngaahi faile ko ‘eni ‘a e tempo-tau’ataina ‘o e manipulation ‘o e naunau ‘o e rhythmic, ‘o ‘ai ke nau mahu’inga ki he ngaohi ‘o e mūsika faka’ilekitulonika mo e ngaue remix. ‘I he founga tatau, ‘oku faka’ata ‘e he ngaahi fotunga hange ko e SFZ mo e EXS24 ‘a e sophisticated multi-sampling mo e langa ‘o e me’angaue, bridging ‘a e ‘ava ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e ngaahi faile ‘o e ongo faingofua mo e ngaahi me’angaue virtual faingata’a.

Founga Fili ‘o e Fomati ki he Ngaahi Konga Ngaohi’anga Kehekehe

Ko e lavame’a ‘o e ngaohi ‘o e mūsika ‘oku fie ma’u ke fili ‘a e founga fakapotopoto ‘oku fakafe’unga’i mo e ngaahi fie ma’u pau ‘a e konga takitaha ‘o e poloseki. Lolotonga e ngaahi fakataha ‘o e muimui’i mo e overdub, ‘oku fakapapau’i ‘e he ngaahi fotunga uncompressed hange ko e WAV pe AIFF ‘a e tu’unga lelei taha ‘o e pukepuke mo e ngaue ‘a e headroom. ‘Oku ma’u ‘aonga ‘a e konga lekooti mei he ngaahi tu’unga mo’ui ‘o e fotunga tu’uma’u ‘i he ngaahi hala kotoa pe ke faka’ehi’ehi mei he ngaahi me’a ‘o e fe’unga mo tauhi ‘a e ola lelei ‘o e workflow. ‘Oku fie ma’u ‘e he ngaahi konga ‘o e fefiofi mo e mastering ‘a e fakakaukau fakalelei ki he ngaahi nunu’a ‘o e fotunga ki he ngaahi deliverables faka’osi. ‘Oku totonu ke tauhi ‘e he ngaahi ‘elemeniti ‘o e stems mo e fefiofi ‘a e tu’unga lelei ‘o e lossless, lolotonga ia ‘oku lava ke faka’aonga’i ‘e he ngaahi fefiofi ‘o e tuhu ki he kau fakatau ‘a e ngaahi fotunga ‘o e lossy ‘o e tu’unga ma’olunga ki he vahevahe faingofua. ‘Oku angamaheni ‘aki ‘a e ngaue ‘a e konga ‘o e mastering mo e ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni ‘o e tu’unga ma’olunga taha ‘oku ma’u, ‘o fakatupu ‘a e ngaahi outputs ‘o e fotunga lahi ‘oku fakalelei’i ki he ngaahi founga tufaki’anga koloa kehekehe-mei he ngaahi downloads ‘o e resolution ma’olunga ki he ngaahi liliu ‘o e streaming-optimized.

• Fokotu’u ha ngaahi tu’unga mo’ui ‘o e fotunga ‘i he kamata’anga ‘o e poloseki ke faka’ehi’ehi mei he ngaahi me’a ‘o e liliu .
• Tauhi ‘a e ngaahi backups ‘oku ‘ikai ke mole ‘i he ngaahi konga kotoa pe ‘o e ngaohi’anga koloa .
• Fa’u ha ngaahi ‘eiki ‘o e fotunga-pau ki he ngaahi founga tufaki’anga koloa kehekehe .