Fakahinohino ki he fakafehoanaki ‘o e Codec vitio faka’osi: H.264 vs H.265 vs VP9 vs AV1 | 2025 ‘Analaiso Kakato

Fakahinohino ki he Fakafehoanaki ‘o e Codec Vitio Kakato .

‘Analaiso kakato ‘o e codecs vitio fakaonopooni kau ai ‘a e H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, ​​AV1, mo e lahi ange. Kumi ‘a e codec haohaoa ki ho’o streaming, ngaohi, pe ngaahi fie ma’u ‘o e archiving.

Fakafefeka’i ‘o e ‘aonga
Fe’unga ‘a e me’angaue
Fakahoko ‘o e Encoding
Tu’unga Lelei ‘o e Sio
Vakai ki he Tepile Fakafehoanaki . Fakatotolo’i ‘a e ngaahi fakaikiiki ‘o e Codec .

Tepile ʻo e Ngaahi Meʻa ʻi Lotó

Fakafe’iloaki ki he Ngaahi Codec Vitio .

Ko e ngaahi codecs vitiō ko e makatuliki ia ʻo e tekinolosia vitiō fakakomipiutá, ʻo lava ai ke tauhi mo fakahoko lelei ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻi he vitioó ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga mo e ngaahi meʻangāue kehekehe. ‘I he fakahinohino kakato ko ‘eni, te tau fakatotolo’i ‘a e ngaahi codecs vitio mahu’inga taha ‘oku ma’u he ‘aho ni, fakafehoanaki honau ngaahi malohinga mo e ngaahi vaivai’anga, pea tokoni’i koe ke ke fili ‘a e codec totonu ki ho’o ngaahi fie ma’u pau.

Pe ko ha tokotaha fa’u ‘o e kakano, tokotaha ‘oku ne ‘omi ‘a e ngaahi ngaue ‘o e streaming, pe ko e fie ‘ilo pe ki he founga ‘oku a’u ai ho’o ngaahi vitio manakoa ki ho’o screen, ‘Oku mahu’inga ke mahino ‘a e codecs vitio ‘i he ‘ekosisitemi fakakomipiuta ‘o e ‘aho ni.

Ko e hā ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi Codecs Vitioó

‘Oku ngaue ‘a e codecs vitio (compression/decompression algorithms) ko e ivitu’a ‘o e tufaki’anga vitio fakakomipiuta, ‘o lava ai ke tauhi lelei mo fakahoko ‘a e vitio tu’unga ma’olunga ‘i he ngaahi netiueka ‘oku fakangatangata ‘a e bandwidth. ‘E lava ke uesia lahi ‘e he fili codec totonu:

Lahi ‘o e Faile

‘E lava ke fakasi’isi’i ‘e he codecs fakaonopooni ‘a e lahi ‘o e faile vitio ‘o a’u ki he 50-80% ‘i hono fakafehoanaki ki he ngaahi fotunga motu’a ange lolotonga hono tauhi ‘o e tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio.

Fe’unga

‘Oku poupou’i ‘e he ngaahi device kehekehe mo e ngaahi tu’unga kehekehe ‘a e codecs kehekehe, ‘o uesia ‘a e feitu’u mo e founga ‘e lava ke sio ai ho’o ngaahi vitio.

Tu’unga ‘o e Streaming

‘Oku faka’ata ‘e he codecs lelei ‘a e resolution ma’olunga ange mo e tu’unga lelei ange ‘o e streaming na’a mo e ngaahi fehokotaki’anga fakangatangata ‘o e bandwidth.

Fakamole Malohi

‘Oku fie ma’u ‘e he codecs ‘e ni’ihi ‘a e malohi lahi ange ‘o e ngaue ke decode, uesia fakahangatonu ‘a e mo’ui ‘a e maka ‘i he ngaahi device fe’ave’aki.

‘Oku ngaue ‘a e compression vitio ‘aki hono fakangata ‘o e ngaahi fakamatala faka’ata ‘oku ‘ikai ke fie ma’u ‘i he ngaahi founga ‘oku ‘ikai ke perceptible ‘a e fakakaukau ki he mata ‘o e tangata. Ko e founga ko ‘eni ‘oku kau ai ‘a e ngaahi founga kehekehe kau ai:

  • Fakafefeka’i ‘o e feitu’u: Fakasi’isi’i ‘a e redundancy ‘i loto ‘i he ngaahi fakava’e fakafo’ituitui .
  • Fakamālohiʻi fakataimi: Ko hono tanaki pe ‘o e ngaahi faikehekehe ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e ngaahi fakava’e hokohoko .
  • Ko e fakakouti ʻo e ʻenitolopi: Faka’aonga’i ‘a e ngaahi founga fakasitetisitika ke fakafofonga’i lelei ange ‘a e ngaahi founga angamaheni .
  • Sipinga si’isi’i ‘o e Chroma: Fakasi’isi’i ‘a e fakamatala lanu ‘a ia ‘oku si’isi’i ange ‘a e ongo’i ‘e he mata ‘o e tangata .

‘I he’etau fakafehoanaki ‘a e codecs kehekehe ‘i he kotoa ‘o e fakahinohino ko ‘eni, te tau fakatotolo’i ‘a e founga ‘oku takitaha fakahoko ai ‘a e ngaahi founga ko ‘eni mo e ola ‘o e tradeoffs ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio, compression ‘a e ola lelei, mo e ngaahi fie ma’u ‘o e computational.

Fakakaukau fakalukufua ‘o e ngaahi Codecs Vitio Lalahi

H.264 / AVC

Tu’unga ‘o e Ngaue’anga Fe’unga Faka’univeesi

H.264 (Coding vitio fakalakalaka) ‘oku kei hoko pe ia ko e codec vitio ‘oku poupou’i lahi taha ‘i he meimei ngaahi device mo e ngaahi tu’unga kotoa pe. Na’e fakatupulaki ‘e he ITU-T vitio Coding ‘a e kau mataotao ‘o e kulupu mo e ISO/IEC MPEG, ‘oku ne ‘omi ‘a e palanisi lelei ‘aupito ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e compression ‘a e ola lelei mo e decoding faingata’a.

Ko e fakamālohi
6.5/10
Fe’unga
9.5/10
Vave ‘o e fakakouti
8.5/10
  • Poupou’i ‘e he meimei ngaahi device mo e browsers kotoa pe .
  • Hardware vave ‘oku ma’u lahi .
  • Palanisi lelei ‘o e tu’unga lelei mo e compression .
  • Ngaahi fie ma’u fakakomipiuta ma’ulalo .
Taʻu
2003
Laiseni
Pateni
Lelei Taha Mo
Fe’unga

H.265 / HEVC

Ma’olunga ‘a e ola lelei Kanokato 4K

H.265 (Ma’olunga ‘a e ‘aonga ‘o e vitio Coding) ko e fetongi ia ‘o e H.264, ‘o ‘oatu ‘a e fakafuofua ki he 50% lelei ange ‘a e compression ‘i he tu’unga lelei tatau. ‘Oku tautautefito ki he ola lelei ki he 4K mo e HDR ‘a e kakano, neongo ‘oku fie ma’u ‘a e malohi lahi ange ‘o e ngaue ke encode mo e decode.

Ko e fakamālohi
8.5/10
Fe’unga
7.0/10
Vave ‘o e fakakouti
5.5/10
  • 50% lelei ange ‘a e fakamalohi’i ‘i he H.264 .
  • Ma’ongo’onga ki he 4K mo e HDR ‘a e kakano .
  • Tupulaki ‘a e poupou ‘o e hardware ‘i he ngaahi device fo’ou ange
  • Poupou ki he fakalelei’i ‘o e 8K
Taʻu
2013
Laiseni
Pateni
Lelei Taha Mo
Kanokato 4K

VP9.

Ma’u’anga fakamatala fakaava Fakaleleiʻi ʻo e Uepi

Fakatupulaki ‘e he Google, VP9 ko ha founga kehe ‘oku ‘ikai ha totongi fakatu’i ki he H.265 mo e ‘aonga ‘o e compression tatau. ‘Oku poupou’i lahi ia ‘i he ngaahi browsers ‘o e uepi pea kuo hoko ia ko e codec angamaheni ki he YouTube, ‘o ‘oatu ‘a e compression lelei ange ‘aupito ‘i he H.264.

Ko e fakamālohi
8.0/10
Fe’unga
7.5/10
Vave ‘o e fakakouti
5.0/10
  • Tu’unga fakaava ta’etotongi
  • Poupou lelei ‘aupito ‘a e browser .
  • ‘Oku tatau ‘a e ola lelei mo e H.265/HEVC .
  • Faka’aonga’i ‘e he YouTube mo e ngaahi tu’unga uepi kehe .
Taʻu
2013
Laiseni
Atā
Lelei Taha Mo
Vitiō ʻi he Uepi

AV1.

Hoko-Sen Ta’etotongi-fakatu’i

Ko e AV1 ko ha codec vitio fakaava fakamuimuitaha na’e fakatupulaki ‘e he Alliance ki he mitia fakaava (AOMedia), ‘oku fakataumu’a ke ikuna’i ‘a e VP9 mo fe’auhi mo e HEVC. ‘Oku ne ‘omi ‘a e fakafuofua ki he 30% lelei ange ‘a e compression ‘i he VP9 mo e H.265/HEVC ‘i he totongi ‘o e faingata’a ‘o e encoding ‘oku ma’olunga ange ‘aupito.

Ko e fakamālohi
9.5/10
Fe’unga
5.5/10
Vave ‘o e fakakouti
3.0/10
  • Ko e lelei taha ‘o e compression ‘oku lolotonga ma’u .
  • Ta’etotongi ‘a e tu’i mo e poupou lahi ‘a e industry
  • Tupulaki ‘a e browser mo e poupou ‘o e tu’unga .
  • Fakautuutu hono ohi ‘e he ngaahi sevesi streaming lalahi .
Taʻu
2018
Laiseni
Atā
Lelei Taha Mo
Fakamo’oni ki he kaha’u

Tepile Fakafehoanaki ‘o e Codec .

Fakamatala tefito H.264 (AVC) H.265 (HEVA) VP9. AV1.
Fakafefeka’i ‘o e ‘aonga Laine Fakavaʻe ★★★☆☆ ~50% lelei ange ‘i he H.264 ★★★★☆ ~50% lelei ange ‘i he H.264 ★★★★☆ ~30% lelei ange ‘i he HEVC/VP9. ★★★★★
Vave ‘o e fakakouti Vave ★★★★☆ Tō’ohi ★★★☆☆ Tuai ‘aupito . ★★☆☆☆ Fu’u tuai ‘aupito . ★☆☆☆☆
Faka’ilonga’i ‘a e faingata’a Ma’olalo ★☆☆☆☆ Lotoloto ★★☆☆☆ Lotoloto ★★☆☆☆ Ma’olunga ★★★☆☆
Poupou ki he Hardware Fakamāmani Lahi ★★★★★ Lelei (ngaahi me’angaue fo’ou ange) ★★★★☆ Fakangatangata ★★★☆☆ ‘Oku ‘asi hake ★★☆☆☆
Poupou ki he Browser Ngaahi browser kotoa pe ★★★★★ Fakangatangata (Safari, Tafa’aki) ★★☆☆☆ Ngaahi browser lalahi ★★★★☆ Tupulaki (Kolomi, Firefox, Tafaʻaki) ★★★☆☆
Poupou ki he Mobile Ngaahi me’angaue kotoa pe ★★★★★ Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻangāue foʻoú ★★★★☆ Android-tokanga ★★★☆☆ Fakangatangata, fakalelei’i . ★★☆☆☆
Fakaleleiʻi lahi taha 8K (‘oku ‘ikai fa’a ngaue’aki) 8K 8K 8K+
Poupou HDR Fakangatangata Tōtōatu Sai Tōtōatu
Laiseni Ngaahi totongi fakatuʻi ʻo e pateni Ngaahi totongi fakatu’i ‘o e pateni (ma’olunga ange) Ta’etotongi fakatu’i Ta’etotongi fakatu’i
Ta’u Tukuange 2003 2013 2013 2018
Langa fakalakalaka MPEG/ITU MPEG/ITU Kūkolo Alliance ki he Mītia Fakaava

Tohi’i: ‘Oku fakafuofua ‘a e ngaahi fakafehoanaki ‘o e lelei ‘o e compression pea ‘e lava ke kehekehe ‘o makatu’unga ‘i he fa’ahinga ‘o e kakano, ngaahi tu’unga ‘o e encoding, mo hono fakahoko. ‘Oku angamaheni ‘aki ‘a e ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni mahu’inga ‘o e ‘aonga ‘o e AV1 ‘oku ha’u mo e faingata’a ‘o e encoding ma’olunga ange ‘aupito, ‘o ‘ai ke fe’unga ange ia ki he kakano ‘e encoded tu’o taha pea va’inga tu’o lahi.

Fakatupu ‘o e ngaahi Codecs vitio .

Kuo evolve lahi ‘a e tekinolosia ‘o e codec vitio ‘i he ngaahi hongofulu’i ta’u, ‘i he to’utangata takitaha ‘oku ne ‘omi ‘a e ngaahi fakalakalaka lahi ‘i he compression ‘a e ola lelei mo e tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio. Ko e mahino‘i ‘o e tupulaki ko ení ‘okú ne ‘omai ‘a e tu‘unga mahu‘inga ki hono sivisivi‘i ‘a e ngaahi fili ‘o e ‘aho ní pea ‘amanaki ki he ngaahi fakalakalaka ‘i he kaha‘ú.

1990s

MPEG-1 mo e MPEG-2.

Ko e fuofua ngaahi tu’unga mo’ui ‘o e vitio fakakomipiuta ‘o e mainstream, MPEG-2 na’e hoko ia ko e fakava’e ki he vitio DVD mo e fakamafola televisone fakakomipiuta. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he ngaahi codecs ʻo e kuonga muʻá ni ʻa e ngaahi founga tefito ʻo e compression vitiō fakaonopooní.

2003

H.264/AVC

Ko ha faka’ilonga ‘i he compression vitio, H.264 ‘oatu ‘a e fakalakalaka lahi ‘o e ola lelei ‘i he MPEG-2, ‘o lava ai ‘a e HD vitio ‘o e tafe mo e Blu-ray ‘o e ngaahi tisiki. ‘Oku kei hoko pe ia ko e codec ‘oku poupou’i lahi taha ‘e he ‘univeesi ‘i he meimei ta’u ‘e uofulu kimui ange.

2010

VP8.

Na’e ma’u ‘e he Google mo tukuange ‘a e VP8 ko ha founga kehe ‘oku fakaava ki he H.264. Lolotonga ‘oku ‘ikai ke ne teitei a’usia ‘a e ohi tatau, na’a ne fakatoka ‘a e makatu’unga ki he ngaahi fakalakalaka ‘o e codec kimui ange ‘a e Google mo e ngaue ‘a e codec ‘oku ‘ikai ha totongi fakatu’i.

2013

H.265/HEVC mo e VP9.

Na’e ‘asi mai ‘a e ngaahi codecs fe’auhi ko ‘eni ‘i he taimi tatau, ‘o fakatou ‘oatu ‘a e fakafuofua ki he 50% compression lelei ange ‘i he H.264. Na’e tokanga ‘a e HEVC ki he fakamafolalea mo e ngaahi polokalama fakapalofesinale lolotonga ia na’e ma’u ‘e he VP9 hono niche ‘i he vitio ‘o e uepi.

2018

AV1.

Na’e fakatupulaki ‘e he Alliance ki he Mitia Fakaava (kau ai ‘a e Google, Mozilla, Netflix, Amazon), ‘Oku fakataha’i ‘e he AV1 ‘a e ngaahi ‘elemeniti lelei taha ‘o e VP9 mo e ngaahi codecs ‘ahi’ahi kehe ke fa’u ha tu’unga ta’etotongi ‘o e tu’i mo e ma’olunga ange ‘a e lelei ‘o e compression.

2022

H.266/VVC

Ko e faka’ilonga vitio kehekehe (VVC) ko e fetongi ia ‘o e HEVC, ‘o ‘oatu ‘a e fakafuofua ki he 50% lelei ange ‘a e compression ‘i he HEVC/H.265. ‘Oku tefito ‘ene fakataumu’a ki he 8K ‘a e fakalelei’i, HDR ‘a e kakano, mo e ngaahi polokalama streaming vitio tu’unga ma’olunga.

Kaha’u

AV2 & AI-fakava’e ‘i he Codecs

‘E ngalingali ‘e fakakau ‘e he to’utangata hoko ‘o e codecs ‘a e ako ‘a e misini mo e ngaahi netiueka neural ke a’usia ‘a e toe lahi ange ‘a e compression ‘a e ola lelei, ‘i he fakalakalaka ‘oku ‘osi lolotonga ‘i he fetongi ‘o e AV1.

Ngaahi Tefito’i ‘Alunga ‘i he Codec Evolution .

Kuo ‘asi mai ha ngaahi sipinga mahino ‘e ni’ihi ‘i he fakalakalaka ‘a e tekinolosia ‘o e codec vitio:

Ngaahi Ma’u ‘o e Ngaue Lelei

‘Oku angamaheni ‘aki hono ‘oatu ‘e he to’utangata fo’ou takitaha ‘a e 30-50% fakasi’isi’i ‘o e bitrate ki he tu’unga tatau ‘i hono fakafehoanaki ki hono mu’aki.

Tupulaki ‘o e faingata’a

‘Oku fakautuutu ‘a e faingata’a ‘o e encoding ‘i he to’utangata takitaha, ‘o fie ma’u ‘a e ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni fakakomipiuta lahi ange.

Fakaava vs.

Ko e fepakipaki ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e ngaahi tu’unga mo’ui ‘oku fakakakato ‘e he pateni (H.264/H.265) mo e ngaahi founga kehe ‘oku ‘ikai ha totongi fakatu’i (VP9/AV1) kuo ne fa’u ‘a e fonua.

Fakatahataha’i ‘o e AI

‘Oku fakakau ‘a e ako ‘a e misini ki he codecs fo’ou ange ki he ngaahi tu’utu’uni ‘atamai lelei ange ‘o e compression.

Ngāueʻaki ʻa e Ngaahi Keisi mo e Ngaahi Fokotuʻu .

‘Oku ‘i ai ha ngaahi fie ma’u makehe ‘a e ngaahi polokalama vitio kehekehe, pea ‘oku makatu’unga ‘a e fili codec lelei taha ‘i ho’o keisi faka’aonga’i pau. Ko ‘etau ‘analaiso ‘eni ‘o e codecs ‘oku mahulu hake ‘i he ngaahi tu’unga kehekehe, ‘o fakakaukau’i ‘a e fe’unga, tu’unga lelei, mo e ngaahi fakakaukau ‘o e ola lelei.

Faka’ali’ali ‘o e Vitio ‘i he Uepi

Ki he ngaahi tu’unga vitio ‘oku makatu’unga ‘i he uepi, ‘Oku totonu ke fakapalanisi ‘e he fili ‘o e codec ‘a e lelei ‘o e compression mo e fe’unga ‘a e browser lahi. Ko hono fakahoko ‘o e ngaahi fili codec lahi ‘o fakafou ‘i he adaptive streaming ko e founga fokotu’u atu ia.

H.264 VP9. AV1.

Vitio Fe’ave’aki

Ko e ngaahi device fe’ave’aki ‘oku fakangatangata ‘a e bandwidth mo e malohi ‘o e ngaue. ‘Oku mahu’inga ‘aupito ‘a e decoding ‘o e Hardware-fakavave’i ki he mo’ui ‘a e maka, ‘o ‘ai ‘a e codecs ‘oku poupou’i lahi ‘oku sai ange neongo ‘a e fefakatau’aki ‘o e compression.

H.264 H.265

4K/HDR Kanokato

‘Oku fie ma’u ‘e he ma’olunga-fakalelei’i, ma’olunga-dynamic-range ‘a e kakano ‘o e codecs mo e ma’olunga ange ‘a e compression ‘a e lelei ke tauhi ‘a e ngaahi faile lahi mo e ngaahi fie ma’u ‘o e bandwidth ke pule’i lolotonga hono tauhi ‘o e tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio.

H.265 VP9. AV1.

Ngaohi Vitiō

Ki he fakatonutonu vitio mo e workflows ‘o e ngaohi, codecs ‘oku fie ma’u ke fakapalanisi ‘a e tu’unga lelei, fakatonutonu-fakakaume’a, mo e computational ‘a e ola lelei. ‘Oku faka’aonga’i ‘e he kau mataotao tokolahi ‘a e ngaahi codecs ngaohi makehe kimu’a pea toki tu’uaki faka’osi.

ProRes DNxHD H.264 (ma’olunga ‘a e si’isi’i)

Televisone Fakamafola

‘Oku ‘i ai ‘a e ngaahi fiema’u pau ‘a e fakamafolalea ki he falala’anga, tu’unga lelei, mo e fe’unga mo e ngaahi langa fakalakalaka ‘oku lolotonga ‘i ai. ‘Oku fa’a dictate ‘e he ngaahi tu’unga mo’ui mo e ngaahi tu’utu’uni ‘o e ngaue’anga ‘a e ngaahi fili codec.

MPEG-2. H.264 H.265

Va’inga Streaming

‘Oku fie ma’u ‘e he ngaahi ngaue ‘o e va’inga ‘o e ‘ao mo e va’inga streaming ‘a e codecs ‘oku nau ‘oatu ‘a e latency ma’ulalo, encoding vave, mo e tu’umālie ki he faingata’a, vave ‘a e liliu ‘o e kakano mo e si’isi’i taha ‘o e ngaahi me’a faka’ofo’ofa.

H.264 H.265 AV1.

Ma’ulalo ‘a e Bandwidth

Ki he ngaahi tu’unga ‘oku ‘i ai ha ngaahi fakangatangata lahi ‘o e bandwidth, hange ko e ngaahi netiueka fe’ave’aki pa’anga ‘i he ngaahi feitu’u ‘o e tukui kolo, ‘oku ‘omi ‘e he codecs ‘oku ola lelei taha ‘a e tu’unga lelei taha-ki he-bitrate ‘o e ratio neongo ‘a e faingata’a ‘o e encoding ma’olunga ange.

AV1. H.265

Ngaahi Me’a-faka’ata Malu’i

‘Oku fie ma’u ‘e he ngaahi sisitemi ‘o e vakai’i ke palanisi ‘a e lekooti hokohoko mo e ngaahi fakangatangata ‘o e tanaki’anga, ‘oku fa’a fakamu’omu’a ‘a e tanaki’anga taimi loloa ‘oku ola lelei ‘i he tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio ‘aupito.

H.264 H.265

Tauhiʻanga ʻo e ʻĀkaivi

Ki he fakatolonga taimi loloa, kuo pau ke palanisi ‘e he codecs ‘a e lelei ‘o e compression mo e kaha’u-fakamo’oni’i mo e ma’u ‘o e decoder. ‘Oku faka’aonga’i ‘e he ngaahi polokalama ‘e ni’ihi ‘a e codecs lossless ke faka’ehi’ehi mei he faka’auha ‘o e tu’unga lelei.

H.265 FFV1 (ta’emole) ProRes

Ko e taimi ke Ngāue‘aki ai ‘a e Ngaahi Codec Fo‘ou Angé

  • ‘I he taimi ‘oku fakangatangata lahi ai ‘a e feitu’u ke tanaki ai pe bandwidth .
  • Mo e kakano ‘e encode tu’o taha ka ‘oku va’inga tu’o lahi .
  • ‘I he taimi ‘oku fakataumu’a ai ‘a e ngaahi tu’unga pau mo e poupou codec ‘iloa .
  • Mo e ma’olunga-fakalelei’i (4K/8K) mo e ma’olunga ‘o e dynamic ‘o e kakano .
  • ‘I he taimi ‘oku ‘ikai ko ha me’a mahu’inga ‘a e taimi encoding .

Ko e taimi ke Nofo ai mo e H.264 .

  • ‘I he taimi ‘oku fie ma’u ai ‘a e fe’unga lahi taha ‘o e device mo e peletifoomu .
  • Ki he ngaahi tu’unga ‘o e encoding mo’ui mo e ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni fakakomipiuta fakangatangata .
  • ‘I he taimi ‘oku mahu’inga ange ai ‘a e vave ‘o e encoding ‘i he lahi ‘o e faile .
  • Ki he kakano ‘oku fakangatangata hono tufaki pe nounou ‘a e mo’ui .
  • ‘I he taimi ‘oku fakataumu’a ai ‘a e ngaahi device motu’a ‘o ‘ikai ha vave ‘o e hardware ki he codecs fo’ou ange .

Lue loloto fakatekinikale

Kiate kinautolu ‘oku nau mahu’inga’ia ‘i he ngaahi founga ‘o e codecs vitio fakaonopooni, ‘Oku fakatotolo’i ‘e he konga ko ‘eni ‘a e ngaahi fakava’e fakatekinikale mo e ngaahi founga fo’ou ‘oku ne faka’ata ‘a e compression lelei lolotonga hono tauhi ‘o e tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio.

Ngaahi Tefitoʻi Tefito ʻo e Fakamālohiʻí
Ngaahi Fa’unga Poloka
Totongi huhu’i ‘o e Motion
Fakakouti ʻo e ʻEnitolopi
‘Analaiso ‘o e Ngaue

Ngaahi founga mahu’inga ‘o e Compression ‘i he ngaahi Codecs fakaonopooni .

‘Oku fakafalala ‘a e compression ‘o e vitio ki ha ngaahi founga tefito ‘e ni’ihi kuo evolve lahi ‘i he ngaahi to’utangata codec. ‘Oku tokoni ‘a e mahino ‘o e ngaahi tefito’i mo’oni tefito ko ‘eni ke fakamatala’i ‘a e ngaahi faikehekehe ‘o e ‘aonga ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e codecs:

Fakafefeka’i ‘o e feitu’u (Intra-fakava’e)

‘Oku fakafefeka’i ‘e he codecs fakaonopooni kotoa pe ‘a e ngaahi fakava’e fakafo’ituitui ‘o faka’aonga’i ‘a e liliu ‘o e coding, ‘oku angamaheni ‘aki ‘a e ngaahi kehekehe ‘o e Discrete Cosine liliu (DCT). ‘Oku liliu ‘e he founga ko ‘eni ‘a e fakamatala ‘o e pixel spatial ki he coefficients tu’o lahi, ‘o faka’ata ‘a e fakamatala ‘oku si’isi’i ange ‘a e ‘asi ke tanaki ‘aki ‘a e ngaahi konga si’isi’i ange.

  • H.264 ‘oku ne ngaue’aki ‘a e 4×4 mo e 8×8 DCT liliu .
  • H.265 ‘oku fakalahi atu ki he ngaahi liliu lalahi ange (‘o a’u ki he 32×32) ki ha compression lelei ange ‘o e ngaahi feitu’u fakaikiiki .
  • VP9. ‘oku ne ngaue’aki ‘a e ngaahi liliu mei he 4×4 ‘o a’u ki he 32×32.
  • AV1. tanaki atu ‘a e ngaahi liliu ‘ikai-sikuea pea ‘e lava ke ne faka’aonga’i ‘a e ngaahi liliu ‘o a’u ki he 64×64, ‘o faka’ata ai ha fe’unga lelei ange ki he kakano .

Fakamālohiʻi Fakataimi (Inter-frame)

‘Oku ha’u ‘a e ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni lahi taha ‘o e compression mei hono faka’aonga’i ‘o e ngaahi me’a tatau ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e ngaahi fakava’e hokohoko. Kae ‘ikai ke tanaki ‘a e fakava’e takitaha ‘o kakato, codecs tanaki ‘a e vectors ‘o e ngaue mo e toenga ‘o e ngaahi faikehekehe:

  • H.264 ‘oku ne ngaue’aki ‘a e ngaahi lahi kehekehe ‘o e poloka mei he 16×16 ki lalo ki he 4×4 ki he totongi huhu’i ‘o e ngaue .
  • H.265 ‘oku ne fakafe’iloaki ‘a e vahevahe ‘oku toe fe’unga ange mo e ngaahi ‘iuniti ‘o e ‘akau ‘o e Coding (CTUs) ‘o a’u ki he 64×64, ‘a ia ‘e lava ke vahevahe recursively ‘i ha fokotu’utu’u ‘o e quadtree .
  • VP9. poupou’i ha polokalama vahevahe poloka fakahokohoko tatau mo e “superblocks” ‘o a’u ki he 64 × 64 .
  • AV1. tanaki atu ‘a e ngaahi fili vahevahe lahi ange kau ai ‘a e ngaahi vahevahe asymmetric mo e ngaahi founga ‘o e kikite ‘o e fakataha’anga .

Ngaahi Founga Fakafuofua

‘Oku tokoni ‘a e ngaahi founga kikite fakalakalaka ki he codecs ke nau ‘amanaki ki he kakano ‘o ‘ikai ke tauhi mahino ia:

  • Fakafuofua-fakafuofua: ‘Oku ne tomu’a tala ‘a e ngaahi poloka mei he ‘osi decoded ‘a e ngaahi pixels kaunga’api ‘i loto ‘i he fakava’e tatau .
  • Fakavahavaha’a-vavalo: ‘Oku ne tomu’a tala ‘a e ngaahi poloka mei he ngaahi fakava’e na’e decoded kimu’a .
  • Fakafuofua fakahangatonu ua: Fakafuofua’i ‘o faka’aonga’i ‘a e ngaahi fakava’e ‘o e kuohili mo e kaha’u fakatou’osi .

‘Oku fakafe’iloaki ‘e he codecs fo’ou ange ‘a e ngaahi founga ‘o e kikite ‘oku toe fakapotopoto ange, ‘aki ‘a e AV1 ‘oku ne foaki ‘a e ngaahi founga ‘o e kikite ‘i loto ‘i he 56 ‘i hono fakafehoanaki ki he H.264 ‘o e 9 mo e HEVC ‘o e 35.

Fakakaukau Fakatekinikale: Ko e ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni fakaofo ‘o e ‘aonga ‘i he codecs fakaonopooni ‘oku ha’u lahi ia mei he ngaahi polokalama ‘o e vahevahe mo e kikite ‘oku toe fakapotopoto ange kae ‘ikai ko e ngaahi tefito’i mo’oni ‘o e compression fo’ou ‘o e tefito’i mo’oni. ‘Oku faka’ata ‘e he ngaahi fakalelei’i ko ‘eni ‘a e codecs ke nau fe’unga lelei ange mo e ngaahi fa’ahinga kehekehe ‘o e kakano, mei he ngaahi scenes ‘o e ngaue vave ki he ngaahi ‘atakai static mo e ngaahi fakaikiiki lelei.

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Faʻa ʻEke

Ko e hā ʻa e codec vitiō ʻoku feʻunga mo e ʻunivēsí?

H.264 (AVC) ‘oku kei hoko pe ia ko e codec vitio ‘oku fe’unga mo e ‘univeesi, poupou’i ‘e he meimei ngaahi device fakaonopooni kotoa pe, browsers, mo e ngaahi tu’unga na’e ngaohi ‘i he ta’u ‘e 15+ kuo ‘osi. Ko e fili malu ia ‘i he taimi ‘oku fie ma’u ai ho’o kakano ke playable ‘i he feitu’u kotoa pe ‘o ‘ikai fie ma’u ha ngaahi fotunga lahi ‘o e ngaahi liliu.

Ko e fē ʻa e codec ʻokú ne ʻomi ʻa e tuʻunga lelei taha-ki he-lahi ʻo e ʻinasi?

‘Oku lolotonga ‘oatu ‘e he AV1 ‘a e lelei taha ‘o e compression (lelei-ki he-lahi ‘o e ‘uhinga) ‘i he lotolotonga ‘o e codecs ‘oku fakahoko fakakomesiale, ‘o a’usia ‘a e fakafuofua ki he 30% lelei ange ‘a e compression ‘i he H.265/HEVC mo e VP9 ‘i he tu’unga lelei ‘o e sio tatau. Ka neongo ia, ‘Oku hoko mai ‘eni ‘i he totongi ‘o e faingata’a ‘o e encoding ma’olunga ange ‘aupito mo e poupou fakangatangata ange ‘o e hardware. Ki he ngaahi polokalama ‘aonga lahi, ‘Oku ‘omi ‘e he H.265/HEVC mo e VP9 ha palanisi lelei ‘aupito ‘o e ‘aonga mo e ‘aonga.

‘E anga fefe ha’aku fili ‘i he vaha’a ‘o e H.265/HEVC mo e VP9?

H.265/HEVC mo e VP9 ‘oku nau ‘oatu ‘a e ‘aonga tatau ‘o e compression (feunga mo e 50% lelei ange ‘i he H.264), ka ‘oku kehekehe ‘i he laiseni mo e poupou ‘o e ‘ekosisitemi. Fili ‘a e H.265/HEVC ‘i he taimi ‘oku fakataumu’a ai ‘a e ngaahi device ‘a e Apple, TVs ‘atamai, mo e workflows vitio fakapalofesinale ‘a ia ‘oku mahu’inga ai ‘a e vave ‘o e hardware. Fili ‘a e VP9 ki he ngaahi me’a ‘oku makatu’unga ‘i he uepi, YouTube optimization, pea ‘i he taimi ‘oku faka’ehi’ehi ai mei he ngaahi totongi ‘o e pateni ko ha me’a mahu’inga. ‘Oku ‘omi ‘e he ngaahi tu’unga streaming lalahi lahi ‘a e kakano ‘i he ongo fotunga ‘o fakafou ‘i he streaming adaptive.

‘Oku mateuteu nai ‘a e AV1 ki hono faka’aonga’i ‘o e kakai?

‘Oku fakautuutu ‘a e mateuteu ‘a e AV1 ki hono faka’aonga’i ‘o e mainstream ‘i he ngaahi tu’unga pau, neongo ‘oku te’eki ke faka’aonga’i faka’univeesi ‘o hange ko e H.264. ‘Oku faka’aonga’i ‘e he ngaahi sevesi streaming lalahi hange ko e YouTube, Netflix, mo e Facebook ‘i he taimi ni ‘a e AV1 ki he ngaahi me’a kuo fili, tautautefito ki he ngaahi tu’unga ‘oku fakangatangata ‘a e bandwidth. ‘Oku lelei ‘a e poupou ‘a e browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), pea ‘oku fakalahi ‘a e poupou ‘a e hardware ‘i he ngaahi device fo’ou ange. Ka neongo ia, ‘oku kei computationally lahi ‘a e encoding, ‘o ‘ai ai ke fe’unga lelei taha ia ki he kakano ‘e encoded tu’o taha ka ‘oku va’inga tu’o lahi, pe ki he ngaahi tu’unga ‘oku mahulu hake ai ‘a e bandwidth ‘a e ngaahi fakamole ‘o e encoding.

Fēfē ʻa e YouTube? Ko e codec fē ʻoku totonu ke u fakaʻaongaʻi ki he ngaahi upload?

Ki he ngaahi uploads ‘o e YouTube, tokanga taha ki hono ‘omi ‘o ha faile ma’u’anga fakamatala ma’olunga-lelei kae ‘ikai ko e tomu’a fakalelei’i ‘aki ha codec pau. ‘Oku transcodes ‘e he YouTube ‘a e ngaahi ‘oatu kotoa pe ki he ngaahi fotunga lahi (H.264, VP9, ​​mo e fakautuutu ‘a e AV1) ki he ngaahi tu’unga kehekehe ‘o e va’inga. Ki he ola lelei taha, upload ‘i he H.264 mo ha bitrate ma’olunga pe ProRes kapau ‘oku ma’u. ‘Oku fokotu’u atu ‘e he YouTube ke tauhi ho’o ‘uluaki fakava’e ‘o e tu’unga mo e fakalelei’i ‘o a’u ki he 8K, tuku ‘enau sisitemi ke tokanga’i ‘a e optimization ki he ngaahi device kehekehe ‘o e playback mo e vave ‘o e fehokotaki’anga.

‘Oku uesia ‘e he codecs vitio kehekehe ‘a e faka’aonga’i ‘o e CPU/GPU lolotonga ‘a e va’inga?

‘Io, ‘oku mahu‘inga. Fo’ou ange, codecs lelei ange ‘oku fie ma’u fakalukufua ‘a e malohi lahi ange ‘o e ngaue ke decode tukukehe kapau ‘oku ma’u ‘a e vave ‘o e hardware. H.264 decoding ‘oku hardware-fakavave’i ‘i he meimei ngaahi device fakaonopooni kotoa pe, ‘o ‘ai ia ke fu’u malohi-lelei. H.265/HEVC mo e VP9 ‘oku lelei ka ‘oku ‘ikai ko e poupou ‘o e hardware ‘a e ‘univeesi, tautautefito ki he ngaahi device fo’ou ange. ‘Oku kei ‘asi mai ‘a e decoding ‘o e ngaahi naunau ‘o e AV1 ka ‘oku fakautuutu ‘a e ma’u ‘i he GPUs fakamuimuitaha-to’utangata mo e processors fe’ave’aki pa’anga. ‘E lava ke uesia lahi ‘e he polokalama fakakomipiuta decoding ‘o e codecs fakalakalaka ‘a e mo’ui ‘a e maka ‘i he ngaahi device fe’ave’aki pea ‘e lava ke ne fakatupu ‘a e ngaahi me’a ‘o e fakahoko ‘i he ngaahi komipiuta motu’a ange.

Ko e ha e faikehekehe ‘o e codec mo e fotunga ‘o e koniteina?

Ko ha codec (hange ko e H.264, H.265, VP9) ko e algorithm ia ‘oku ne fakafefeka’i mo fakafefeka’i ‘a e fakamatala vitio, lolotonga ia ko ha fotunga ‘o e koniteina (hange ko e MP4, MKV, WebM) ko e takai ‘oku ne pukepuke ‘a e vitio fakafefeka’i, le’o, ngaahi hingoa si’isi’i, mo e metadata fakataha. Fakakaukau ki he codec ko e founga ia ‘o e fakafonu ‘o e ngaahi me’a ‘i loto, lolotonga ia ko e koniteina ko e puha ‘oku nau fakafonu ‘i.. Hange ko ‘eni, ‘e lava ke pukepuke ‘e ha koniteina MP4 ‘a e vitio encoded ‘aki ‘a e H.264 pe H.265, fakataha mo e le’o ‘i he fotunga ‘o e AAC. ‘Oku fakapapau’i ‘e he koniteina ‘a e fe’unga mo e kau va’inga pau mo e ngaahi tu’unga, lolotonga ia ‘oku fakapapau’i ‘e he codec ‘a e compression ‘a e ola lelei mo e tu’unga lelei.

Fēfē ʻa e VVC/H.266 mo e ngaahi codecs kehe ʻi he kahaʻú?

Ko e faka’ilonga’i ‘o e vitio ‘o e ngaahi me’a kehekehe (VVC/H.266) ko e codec ‘o e to’utangata hoko mai mei he ngaahi kulupu MPEG/ITU, ‘o tala’ofa fekau’aki mo e 50% lelei ange ‘a e compression ‘i he HEVC/H.265. Lolotonga e fakapapauʻi ʻo e tuʻunga moʻuí ʻi he 2020, ʻe fie maʻu ha ngaahi taʻu hono ohi lahi ʻi he fakalakalaka ʻa e poupou ʻo e hardware mo e polokalama fakakomipiutá. ‘I he founga tatau, ‘oku lolotonga ngaue ‘a e Alliance ki he Open Media ki he AV2, ko e fetongi ‘o e AV1. Ko e ngaahi codecs ko ‘eni ‘o e to’utangata hoko mai ‘oku tefito ‘i he vitio 8K, mo’oni faka’ata, mo e ngaahi polokalama ‘oku fu’u bandwidth-fakangatangata. Ki he lahi taha ‘o e ngaahi polokalama lolotonga, ‘oku kei hoko pe ‘a e tokanga taha ki he codecs ‘oku faka’aonga’i kakato (H.264, HEVC, VP9, ​​mo e fakautuutu ‘a e AV1) ko e founga ‘aonga.

Fili ‘a e Codec totonu ki ho’o ngaahi fie ma’u vitio .

Pe ‘oku ke streaming ‘a e kakano, ngaohi ‘o e ngaahi vitio, pe fakatupulaki ‘a e ngaahi polokalama, fili ‘a e codec totonu ‘e lava ke ne uesia lahi ‘a e tu’unga lelei, fe’unga, mo e ola lelei. Faka’aonga’i ‘etau fakafehoanaki kakato ke fai ha ngaahi tu’utu’uni ‘oku ‘ilo’i ki ho’o keisi faka’aonga’i pau.

Vakai ki he Tepile Fakafehoanaki . Fakatotolo’i ‘a e ngaahi keisi ‘o e ngaue’aki
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