Ultimate Guide kune Vhidhiyo Codecs
Gwaro rakazara rekukubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise yekupedzisira gwara kune vhidhiyo macodecs.
Chii chinonzi Vhidhiyo Codecs uye Nei Dzichikosha?
Vhidhiyo codec (coder-decoder) isoftware kana Hardware chishandiso chinodzvanya nekudzikisa dhijitari data data. Paunorekodha vhidhiyo pafoni yako kana kamera, iyo yakaomeswa mifananidzo yaizogadzira yakakura mafaera – kazhinji mazana emagigabytes kwemaminetsi mashoma emukati. Macodecs anogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekushandisa sophisticated algorithms kudzikisa saizi yemafaira uchichengeta mazinga anogamuchirwa emhando. Izwi rekuti ‘codec’ rinobatanidza ese encoder (iyo inomanikidza vhidhiyo panguva yekurekodha kana kutendeuka) uye decoder (iyo inodhiza vhidhiyo yekutamba). Macodecs emazuva ano anoshandisa nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzemasvomhu semuripo wekufamba, kudzvanya kwenzvimbo, uye hunyanzvi hwekuziva kuti uwane kudzvanya reshiyo ye100: 1 kana yepamusoro pasina kukanganiswa kwekuona. Kunzwisisa macodecs kwakakosha kune chero munhu anoshanda nemavhidhiyo zvemukati, ungave uri mugadziri wezvemukati, mugadziri wewebhu, kana munhu anongoda kukwiridzira nzvimbo yekuchengetera. Sarudzo yecodec inokanganisa saizi yefaira, mhando, kuenderana pamidziyo yese, uye kunyangwe hupenyu hwebhatiri panguva yekutamba. Macodecs akasiyana anokunda mumamiriro akasiyana – mamwe anokoshesa zvakanyanya kumanikidza, mamwe anotarisa pakuchengetedza mhando, uye mamwe anogadziridzwa kune chaiwo makesi ekushandisa senge kutenderera kwepamoyo kana nyanzvi kugadzirisa.
Yakakurumbira Vhidhiyo Codecs: H.264, H.265, VP9, ​​uye AV1
H.264 (inozivikanwawo seAVC kana MPEG-4 Chikamu 10) inoramba iri iyo codec inonyanya kutsigirwa nhasi, inowanikwa mune zvose kubva kumafoni kusvika kumapuratifomu ekutepfenyura. Yakaburitswa muna 2003, H.264 inobata chiyero chakanakisa pakati pekumanikidza uye kuenderana. Inotsigirwa nechero mudziyo uye chikuva, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakachengeteka yekugovera kwakafara. Nekudaro, kugona kwayo kwekudzvanya kuri kupfuudzwa nematekinoroji matsva. H.265 (HEVC – High Efficiency Video Coding) inopa zvingangoita 50% zviri nani kudzvanya pane H.264 uku uchichengetedza mazinga akafanana. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanakira 4K zvemukati uye bandwidth-yakaganhurirwa mamiriro. Zvakadaro, kutorwa kweH.265 kwave kunonoka nekuda kwekuoma kwerezenisi uye nepamusoro pemakomputa zvinodiwa pakukodha nekudhikodha. Mazhinji masmartphones matsva uye maTV akangwara anotsigira H.265, asi kuenderana hakusi kwese. VP9, yakagadziridzwa neGoogle, inzira isina humambo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya paYouTube nemamwe masevhisi eGoogle. Inopa kudzvanya kwakanaka kwakafanana neH.265 pasina muripo werezinesi, zvichiita kuti inakidze kune maapplication ewebhu. AV1, mutambi mutsva, anovimbisa kudzvanya kuri nani pane H.265 uye VP9 asi ichiramba isina humambo. Netflix, YouTube, uye mamwe mapuratifomu makuru ari kutanga kutora AV1 yekuburitsa zvemukati.
Container Formats vs. Codecs: Kunzwisisa Musiyano
Imwe yeanowanzo kukonzeresa nyonganiso mudhijitari vhidhiyo mutsauko pakati pemidziyo mafomati uye macodecs. Chimiro chemudziyo (seMP4, AVI, kana MKV) chakanyanya kuputira chinobata hova dzevhidhiyo, hova dzekuteerera, zvinyorwa zvidiki, uye metadata pamwechete mufaira rimwe chete. Funga nezvayo sebhokisi rinogona kunge riine zvinhu zvakawanda – iyo codec inosarudza kuti izvo zvinhu zvinodzvanywa uye kuchengetwa sei. Semuenzaniso, faira reMP4 rinogona kunge riine H.264 vhidhiyo, AAC audio, uye SRT madikidiki, asi rinogona kunge riine vhidhiyo yeH.265 ine MP3 audio. Iyo fomati yemidziyo inotsanangura chimiro chefaira uye kuti ndeapi marudzi emukati anogona kuverengerwa, nepo macodecs achibata iyo chaiyo compression uye decompression yeaudio uye vhidhiyo hova mukati meiyo mudziyo. Musiyano uyu wakakosha pakugadzirisa nyaya dzekutamba. Chishandiso chinogona kutsigira MP4 mudziyo asi kwete iyo chaiyo codec inoshandiswa kuyerera kwevhidhiyo mukati memudziyo iwoyo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero iwe ungasangana nemafaira anotamba zvishoma (odhiyo inoshanda asi isina vhidhiyo) kana kusatamba zvachose kunyangwe uine iyo ‘chaiyo’ faira rekuwedzera. Kunzwisisa hukama uhwu kunokubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezve kuenderana kwemafomati uye zvido zvekushandura.
Codec Sarudzo yeMakesi Akasiyana Ekushandisa
Kusarudza kodeki chaiyo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nezvaunoda uye zvimhingamipinyi. Padandemutande rekutepfenyura uye magariro enhau, H.264 inoramba iri chiyero chegoridhe nekuda kwekuenderana kwayo kwepasirese uye hunhu hwekutepfenyura hunobudirira. Mapuratifomu akaita seFacebook, Instagram, uye akawanda masisitimu ekutarisira zvirimo anotarisira H.264 zvirimo, uye vataridzi vanogona kuiridza pane chero mudziyo usina mamwe software. Nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza zvinyorwa kana kugovera zvemhando yepamusoro, H.265 kana mafomati asina kudzvanywa angave akakodzera. Nyanzvi dzevhidhiyo vapepeti vanowanzo shanda nemacodecs epakati seProRes kana DNxHD anotungamira kuchinjika kuchinjika pane saizi yefaira. Aya macodecs anochengetedza mhando yepamusoro kuburikidza neakawanda ekugadzirisa magadzirirwo asi anogadzira mafaira akakura kupfuura kugovera-yakatarisana macodecs. Nharembozha uye bandwidth-inomanikidzwa nharaunda dzinobatsirwa kubva kune hukasha compression marongero kana nyowani macodecs seAV1. Kana iwe uri kugadzira zvemukati zvemapuratifomu chaiwo, tsvaga zvavanokurudzira zvakatemwa – YouTube inotsigira VP9 uye AV1 yemhando yepamusoro, nepo nhepfenyuro terevhizheni ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba kune chaiyo codec profiles uye marongero. Chinokosha kuenzanisa mhando, saizi yefaira, kuenderana, uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvichienderana nevateereri vako uye nzira yekugovera.
Codec Settings uye Quality Optimization
Kupfuura kusarudza iyo codec chaiyo, kurongeka kwakaringana kwemaencoding marongero anokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka uye saizi yefaira. Bitrate ndiyo inonyanya kurongeka – inosarudza kuti yakawanda sei data yakagoverwa pasekondi yevhidhiyo. Variable bitrate (VBR) encoding inogadzirisa kugoverwa kwedata zvichienderana nekuoma kwechiitiko, ichipa mhando iri nani pane inogaro bitrate (CBR) kune akawanda maapplication. Maviri-pass encoding anoongorora vhidhiyo yese isati yaiswa encoding, zvichikonzera kugovera kwemhando yakakwana asi ichida nguva refu yekugadzirisa. Resolution uye furemu chiyero inoshanda pamwe chete necodec sarudzo yekuona yekupedzisira mhando uye kuenderana. Nepo 4K resolution inopa inokatyamadza ruzivo, inoda zvakanyanya bandwidth uye simba rekugadzirisa. Zvemukati zvewebhu, 1080p pa30fps inowanzopa yakanakisa chiyero chemhando uye kuwanikwa. Funga nezvezvishandiso zvevateereri vako zvekuona uye kumhanya kweinternet paunenge uchiita sarudzo idzi. Zvigadziriso zvepamberi senge keyframe intervals, B-frame kushandiswa, uye chiyero chekudzora nzira dzinogona kugadzirisa chiyero pakati pemhando uye saizi yefaira. Makiyi makiyi anofanirwa kuitika mumasekonzi maviri-3 ega ega ekutepfenyura zvirimo kuti agone kutsvaga kwakapfava uye kuchinjika bitrate switch. Kunzwisisa ma parameter aya kunokubvumidza kuti ugone kukwidziridza zvirimo kune chaiwo ekutumira mamiriro uchichengetedza yakanyanya kunaka yekuona ruzivo.
Key Takeaways
Sarudza maCodecs Kubva pane Vateereri Vako
Iyo yakanakisa codec haisi nguva dzose iri nyowani kana yepamusoro-soro – ndiyo inoshanda nekuvimbika kune yako chinangwa chevateereri uye kese yekushandisa.
- H.264 kuti ienderane zvakanyanya pamidziyo yese
- H.265 ye4K content uye bandwidth savings
- Funga nezveplatform-chaiyo optimizations seVP9 yeYouTube
Hunhu Zvigadziriso Hunokosha Kupfuura Codec Sarudzo
Kurongeka kwakaringana encoding kunogona kuita mutsauko wakakura mumhando yekupedzisira pane kusarudzwa kwecodec chete.
- Shandisa variable bitrate (VBR) kugovera zvirinani
- Shandisa maviri-pass encoding kune zvakakosha zvemukati
- Matanidza makiyi makiyi kupindirana kune ako ekugovera papuratifomu zvinodiwa
Balance Faira Saizi, Hunhu, uye Kuenderana
Yese sarudzo yecodec inosanganisira kutengeserana pakati pezvinhu zvitatu izvi zvichienderana nezvaunoda uye zvimhingamipinyi.
- Isa pamberi kuenderana pakugovera kwakafara
- Sarudza macodecs matsva e bandwidth-shoma mamiriro
- Edza kutamba pamidziyo yevateereri vako usati wapedzisa sarudzo dzekodheki
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peH.264 neH.265?
H.265 (HEVC) inopa inenge 50% zviri nani kudzvinyirira kupfuura H.264 uchichengetedza hutano hwakafanana, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvinyorwa zve4K uye bandwidth-limited scenarios. Zvisineyi, H.264 ine yakapamhama mudziyo kuenderana uye yakaderera magadzirirwo zvinodiwa.
Sei MP4 faira yangu isingatambe pane mamwe maturusi?
MP4 chimiro chemudziyo chinogona kubata akasiyana evhidhiyo macodecs. Nepo mudziyo uchitsigira MP4 midziyo, inogona kusatsigira iyo chaiyo codec inoshandiswa kuyerera kwevhidhiyo mukati. Tarisa kana vhidhiyo yako ichishandisa H.265, VP9, ​​kana mamwe macodecs anoda hardware kana software itsva.
Ndeipi codec yandinofanira kushandisa pakurodha YouTube?
H.264 inokurudzirwa kuti ienderane zvakafara, asi YouTube inotsigira VP9 neAV1 zvemhando yepamusoro. YouTube ichaita zvakare encode yako yekurodha zvakadaro, saka tarisa pakurodha emhando yepamusoro sosi zvinhu pane kudzvanyirirwa mafaera.
AV1 yakagadzirira kushandiswa zvakanyanya here?
AV1 iri kuwana kugamuchirwa pamapuratifomu makuru seNetflix neYouTube, uye zvishandiso zvitsva zvinotsigira hardware decoding. Nekudaro, nguva dze encoding dzichiri kureba uye zvekare zvishandiso zvinogona kusatsigira kutamba. Zvakanakira kune chaiwo makesi ekushandisa pane kugovera general.
Ndinoziva sei iyo codec yevhidhiyo faira inoshandisa?
Unogona kutarisa ruzivo rwecodec uchishandisa maturusi ekuongorora midhiya seMediaInfo, VLC’s codec information panhi, kana yakavakirwa-mukati faira zvivakwa mune mamwe masisitimu anoshanda. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakugadzirisa nyaya dzekutamba.
Ndinofanira kushandisa Hardware kana software encoding?
Hardware encoding inokurumidza uye inoshandisa shoma CPU simba, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kutenderera kwepamoyo kana chaiyo-nguva maapplication. Software encoding inowanzopa hunhu huri nani pane imwe bitrate asi inotora nguva yakareba uye inoshandisa yakawanda system zviwanikwa.
Ndeipi yakanakisa bitrate kuseta yevhidhiyo yepamhepo?
Izvo zvinoenderana nesarudzo uye mhando yemukati. Kune 1080p webhu vhidhiyo, 5-8 Mbps inoshanda zvakanaka kune zvakawanda zvemukati. Chiito-chinorema zvemukati chinoda akakwira bitrate, nepo kutaura-musoro mavhidhiyo anogona kushandisa yakaderera mitengo. Gara uchiyedza nezvako zvakajairika zvemukati uye mamiriro ekuona.
Isa Zivo Yako Mukushandisa
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