Ubuyobozi buhebuje kuri Codecs ya Video
Imiyoboro yuzuye igufasha gusobanukirwa nubuyobozi buhebuje kuri codec ya videwo.
Codecs ya Video ni iki kandi ni ukubera iki bifite akamaro?
Codec ya videwo (coder-decoder) ni software cyangwa igikoresho cyibikoresho bigabanya kandi bigabanya amakuru yerekana amashusho. Iyo wanditse amashusho kuri terefone cyangwa kamera, amashusho mbisi yakora dosiye nini – akenshi amagana ya gigabayiti muminota mike yibirimo. Codecs ikemura iki kibazo ukoresheje algorithms ihanitse kugirango ugabanye ingano ya dosiye mugihe ugumana urwego rwiza rwemewe. Ijambo ‘codec’ rikubiyemo kodegisi (ikanda videwo mugihe cyo gufata amajwi cyangwa guhinduka) hamwe na decoder (ikuraho amashusho yo gukina). Kodegisi ya kijyambere ikoresha tekiniki yimibare igoye nkindishyi zigenda, kwikuramo umwanya, hamwe no gutezimbere gushishoza kugirango ugere ku gipimo cya compression ya 100: 1 cyangwa irenga nta kwangirika kugaragara. Gusobanukirwa codecs ningirakamaro kubantu bose bakorana nibiri kuri videwo, waba uri uwashizeho ibirimo, utegura urubuga, cyangwa umuntu ushaka guhitamo umwanya wabitswe. Guhitamo codec bigira ingaruka kubunini bwa dosiye, ubuziranenge, guhuza ibikoresho, ndetse nubuzima bwa bateri mugihe cyo gukina. Codecs zitandukanye zirenze mubihe bitandukanye – bamwe bashyira imbere compression ntarengwa, abandi bakibanda kubigumana ubuziranenge, kandi bamwe bakanashyirwa mubikorwa kubibazo byihariye byo gukoresha nko gutambuka neza cyangwa gutunganya umwuga.
Kode ya Video izwi cyane: H.264, H.265, VP9, na AV1
H.264 (izwi kandi nka AVC cyangwa MPEG-4 Igice cya 10) iracyari codec ishyigikiwe cyane muri iki gihe, iboneka muri byose kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza ku mbuga za interineti. Yasohowe muri 2003, H.264 itanga uburinganire buhebuje hagati yo guhagarika imikorere no guhuza. Irashyigikirwa nibikoresho byose hamwe na platform, bigatuma ihitamo neza mugukwirakwiza kwagutse. Nyamara, imikorere yayo yo kwikuramo irarenga tekinolojiya mishya. H.265. Ibi bituma biba byiza kubintu 4K hamwe numuyoboro mugari. Nyamara, kwakirwa kwa H.265 kwagiye gahoro kubera uruhushya rutoroshye hamwe nibisabwa byo kubara kugirango bishoboke. Amaterefone menshi mashya na TV byubwenge bishyigikira H.265, ariko guhuza ntabwo ari rusange. VP9, yatunganijwe na Google, nubundi buryo butagira ubwami bukoreshwa cyane kuri YouTube no mubindi bikorwa bya Google. Itanga compression ikora neza nka H.265 idafite amafaranga yimpushya, bigatuma ishimisha kurubuga. AV1, umukinnyi mushya, asezeranya ndetse no kwikuramo neza kurusha H.265 na VP9 mugihe asigaye adafite ubwami. Netflix, YouTube, hamwe nandi mahuriro akomeye atangiye gukoresha AV1 yo gutanga ibintu byiza.
Imiterere ya Container na Codecs: Sobanukirwa Itandukaniro
Imwe mumasoko akunze kwitiranya amashusho ya digitale ni itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere ya kontineri na codecs. Imiterere ya kontineri (nka MP4, AVI, cyangwa MKV) mubyukuri ni igipfunyika gifata amashusho, amashusho yerekana amajwi, subtitles, na metadata hamwe muri dosiye imwe. Tekereza nk’agasanduku gashobora kuba karimo ibintu byinshi – codec igena uburyo ibyo bintu bigabanijwe kandi bikabikwa. Kurugero, dosiye ya MP4 irashobora kuba irimo amashusho ya H.264, amajwi ya AAC, na SRT, ariko irashobora kuba irimo amashusho ya H.265 hamwe na MP3 amajwi. Imiterere ya kontineri isobanura imiterere ya dosiye nubwoko bwibirimo bishobora gushyirwamo, mugihe codecs ikora compression nukuri no gutesha agaciro amajwi na videwo biri muri kiriya kintu. Iri tandukaniro ningirakamaro mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo byo gukina. Igikoresho gishobora gushyigikira kontineri ya MP4 ariko ntabwo codec yihariye ikoreshwa kumashusho ya videwo imbere muri kiriya kintu. Niyo mpamvu ushobora guhura namadosiye akina igice (ikora amajwi ariko nta videwo) cyangwa udakina na gato nubwo ufite umugereka wa ‘neza’. Gusobanukirwa iyi sano bigufasha gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kubijyanye no guhuza imiterere nibikenewe guhinduka.
Guhitamo Codec Kuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha imanza
Guhitamo codec ibereye biterwa cyane nibisabwa byihariye n’imbogamizi. Kurubuga rwa interineti nimbuga nkoranyambaga, H.264 ikomeza kuba zahabu kubera guhuza kwisi yose hamwe nibiranga neza. Ihuriro nka Facebook, Instagram, hamwe na sisitemu nyinshi zo gucunga ibintu biteze ibirimo H.264, kandi abayireba barashobora kuyikinisha ku gikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose nta software yongeyeho. Kububiko bwububiko cyangwa gukwirakwiza ubuziranenge bwibirimo, H.265 cyangwa nuburyo budahwitse bushobora kuba bwiza. Abanditsi ba videwo babigize umwuga bakunze gukorana na codec intera hagati nka ProRes cyangwa DNxHD ishyira imbere guhindura ibintu byoroshye kurenza ubunini bwa dosiye. Iyi codecs ikomeza ubuziranenge binyuze murwego rwo guhindura byinshi ariko ikora dosiye nini kuruta gukwirakwiza codecs. Ibidukikije bigendanwa hamwe numuyoboro mugari wibidukikije byunguka igenamigambi ryo kwikuramo cyangwa codecs nshya nka AV1. Niba urimo gukora ibikorerwa kumurongo wihariye, shakisha ibisobanuro byabo – YouTube ishyigikira VP9 na AV1 kubwiza buhebuje, mugihe tereviziyo isakaza amajwi isabwa cyane kubisobanuro byihariye bya codec. Urufunguzo ni ukuringaniza ubuziranenge, ingano ya dosiye, guhuza, hamwe nibisabwa gutunganya ukurikije abakwumva nuburyo bwo kugabura.
Igenamiterere rya Codec hamwe no Kuzamura Ubuziranenge
Usibye guhitamo codec iboneye, iboneza ryimiterere ya kodegisi igira ingaruka zikomeye haba mubwiza nubunini bwa dosiye. Bitrate nikintu gikomeye cyane – igena umubare wamakuru yatanzwe kumasegonda ya videwo. Impinduka zitandukanye za bitrate (VBR) zihuza itangwa ryamakuru hashingiwe kubintu bigoye, bitanga ireme ryiza kuruta bitrate ihoraho (CBR) kubisabwa byinshi. Kode ebyiri-zisesengura isesengura videwo yose mbere yo gushushanya, bikavamo gukwirakwiza ubuziranenge ariko bisaba igihe kirekire cyo gutunganya. Gukemura no kugereranya igipimo gikorana hamwe na codec guhitamo kugirango umenye ireme ryanyuma kandi bihuze. Mugihe 4K imyanzuro itanga ibisobanuro bitangaje, bisaba cyane umurongo mugari hamwe nimbaraga zo gutunganya. Kubirimo kurubuga, 1080p kuri 30fps akenshi itanga impirimbanyi nziza yubuziranenge no kugerwaho. Reba ibikoresho bisanzwe byabakwumva hamwe numuvuduko wa interineti mugihe ufata ibyemezo. Igenamiterere ryambere nka urufunguzo rwibanze, B-ikoreshwa, nuburyo bwo kugenzura ibipimo birashobora guhuza neza uburinganire hagati yubunini nubunini bwa dosiye. Urufunguzo rugomba kugaragara buri masegonda 2-3 kugirango ibintu bishoboke kugirango ushakishe neza kandi uhindure bitrate. Gusobanukirwa nibi bipimo bigufasha guhitamo ibikubiyemo kubintu byihariye byo gutanga mugihe ukomeje uburambe bwiza bwo kureba.
Ibyingenzi
Hitamo Codecs Ukurikije Abakwumva
Codec nziza ntabwo buri gihe ari shyashya cyangwa yateye imbere – niyo ikora yizewe kubantu ukurikirana no gukoresha urubanza.
- H.264 kugirango ihuze cyane mubikoresho byose
- H.265 kubintu 4K no kuzigama umurongo
- Reba uburyo bwihariye bwo guhitamo nka VP9 kuri YouTube
Igenamiterere ryiza rifite akamaro kuruta guhitamo Codec
Igenamiterere rya kodegisi irashobora gukora itandukaniro rinini mubwiza bwa nyuma kuruta guhitamo codec wenyine.
- Koresha impinduka za bitrate (VBR) kugirango ukwirakwize neza
- Shyira mubikorwa bibiri-kodegisi kubintu bikomeye
- Huza urufunguzo rwibanze kubisabwa byo gukwirakwiza urubuga
Kuringaniza Idosiye Ingano, Ubwiza, no Guhuza
Icyemezo cya codec cyose kirimo ubucuruzi hagati yibi bintu bitatu ukurikije ibyo ukeneye n’imbogamizi.
- Shyira imbere guhuza gukwirakwiza kwagutse
- Hitamo codecs nshya kuri bandwidth-imipaka ntarengwa
- Gerageza gukina kubikoresho bisanzwe byabateze amatwi mbere yo kurangiza guhitamo codec
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya H.264 na H.265?
H.265 (HEVC) itanga hafi 50% yogusenyera kurenza H.264 mugihe ikomeza ubuziranenge busa, bigatuma biba byiza kubirimo 4K hamwe numuyoboro mugari. Nyamara, H.264 ifite ibikoresho byinshi byagutse bihuza hamwe nibisabwa byo gutunganya.
Kuki dosiye yanjye MP4 idakina kubikoresho bimwe?
MP4 nuburyo bwa kontineri ishobora gufata kodegisi zitandukanye. Mugihe igikoresho gishyigikira kontineri ya MP4, ntishobora gushyigikira codec yihariye ikoreshwa mumashusho imbere. Reba niba videwo yawe ikoresha H.265, VP9, cyangwa izindi codecs zisaba ibyuma bishya cyangwa software.
Nihe codec nakagombye gukoresha kuri YouTube?
H.264 irasabwa guhuza kwagutse, ariko YouTube nayo ishyigikira VP9 na AV1 kubwiza buhanitse. Youtube izongera gushiraho ibyo wanditse uko byagenda kose, bityo rero wibande ku kohereza ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge aho kuba dosiye zifunze cyane.
AV1 yiteguye gukoreshwa muburyo rusange?
AV1 igenda yemerwa kurubuga runini nka Netflix na YouTube, kandi ibikoresho bishya bishyigikira decoding. Ariko, igihe cyo gushushanya kiracyari kirekire kandi ibikoresho bishaje ntibishobora gushyigikira gukina. Nibyiza kubikoresha byihariye aho kugabura muri rusange.
Nabwirwa n’iki codec ya dosiye ikoresha?
Urashobora kugenzura amakuru ya codec ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gusesengura itangazamakuru nka MediaInfo, paneli yamakuru ya codec ya VLC, cyangwa ibikoresho byubatswe muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe. Aya makuru ningirakamaro mugukemura ibibazo byo gukina.
Nkwiye gukoresha ibyuma cyangwa kodegisi ya software?
Kode ya Hardware irihuta cyane kandi ikoresha imbaraga za CPU nkeya, bigatuma ibaho neza kuri progaramu ya Live cyangwa igihe-nyacyo. Kode ya software mubisanzwe itanga ubuziranenge kuri bitrate imwe ariko ifata igihe kirekire kandi ikoresha ibikoresho byinshi bya sisitemu.
Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwa bitrate ya videwo kumurongo?
Biterwa no gukemura nubwoko bwibirimo. Kuri videwo y’urubuga 1080p, 5-8 Mbps ikora neza kubintu byinshi. Ibikorwa-biremereye bikenera bitrate yo hejuru, mugihe videwo-umutwe-videwo irashobora gukoresha ibiciro biri hasi. Buri gihe ugerageze hamwe nibisanzwe byawe hamwe nuburyo bwo kureba.
Shira ubumenyi bwawe mubikorwa
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