Umuziki wo gutunganya imiziki ya dosiye
Imiyoboro yuzuye igufasha kumva imiterere yimikorere ya dosiye yumuziki.
Gusobanukirwa Igihombo na Lossy Audio Imiterere
Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yimiterere yamajwi yatakaye kandi yatakaye bigize urufatiro rwibikorwa byo gutunganya umuziki. Imiterere itagira igihombo nka WAV, FLAC, na AIFF ibika buri kintu cyose cyamajwi yumwimerere, bigatuma biba ngombwa muburyo bwo gufata amajwi yabigize umwuga, kuvanga, no kumenya neza. Izi format zigumana ubudahemuka bwamajwi ariko bikavamo ubunini bwa dosiye nini, mubisanzwe inshuro 5-10 kurenza bagenzi babo bagabanijwe. Imiterere yatakaye nka MP3, AAC, na OGG ikoresha algorithms ya psychoacoustic kugirango ikureho amakuru y amajwi abonwa ko atakumva neza abantu. Mugihe ibi bigabanya cyane ubunini bwa dosiye, itangiza ubuziranenge buhoraho buvanga na buri kodegisi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bicuruzwa ni ingenzi kubabikora bakeneye guhuza imbogamizi zububiko hamwe nibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge mu majwi yabo yose.
Ibipimo bya Sitidiyo Yumwuga: WAV na AIFF
WAV (Imiterere ya Fayili ya Waveform) na AIFF (Imiterere yo Guhindura Amajwi) byerekana igipimo cya zahabu mugukora umuziki wabigize umwuga. Imiterere yombi ishyigikira amajwi ya PCM idacometse kuri ubujyakuzimu butandukanye (16, 24, 32-bit) hamwe nigipimo cyicyitegererezo (44.1kHz, 48kHz, 96kHz, 192kHz), hamwe na 24-bit / 48kHz aribwo buryo bwa sitidiyo igezweho. Guhitamo hagati ya WAV na AIFF akenshi biza kumurongo ukunda – WAV yatangiriye kuri Windows mugihe AIFF yakozwe na Apple – ariko byombi bitanga ubuziranenge bwamajwi. Izi format ziza cyane muburyo bwinshi bwo gufata amajwi, gutanga ibiti, no kubika ububiko aho ubudahemuka bwuzuye. Nyamara, ingano nini ya dosiye irashobora kunanura sisitemu yo kubika hamwe numuyoboro mugari mugihe cyimishinga ikorana. Indirimbo imwe yiminota 4 kuri 24-bit / 48kHz stereo ifata hafi 60MB, bigatuma gucunga neza dosiye ari ngombwa mubikorwa binini.
- Koresha uburebure bwa 24-biti kugirango ufate amajwi no kuvanga kugirango ukomeze icyumba cyumutwe
- Hitamo igipimo cya 48kHz cyikigereranyo cyo guhuza amashusho
- Bika 96kHz / 192kHz kubuhanga bwihariye bwo gukoresha porogaramu
Ihungabana rigezweho rya kijyambere: FLAC na ALAC
FLAC (Codec yubusa itagira igihombo) yagaragaye nkuburyo bwatoranijwe butagira igihombo kubaproducers benshi bitewe nubushobozi bwo hejuru bwo kwikuramo no gufungura isoko. FLAC mubisanzwe igabanya ingano ya dosiye 40-60% ugereranije na WAV mugihe ikomeza kubyara amajwi neza. Kuba ihuza cyane muri DAWs no kutagira imipaka yipiganwa bituma biba byiza kububiko bwimishinga nubufatanye hagati yibidukikije bya sitidiyo. Kode ya Apple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC) ikora intego nkiyi mubidukikije bya Apple, itanga ibipimo bigereranywa byo guhuza hamwe no kwinjiza muri Logic Pro hamwe nizindi software za Apple. Imiterere yombi ishyigikira metadata gushira, kwemerera ababikora kubika amakuru arambuye yamasomo, inyandiko zerekana umusaruro, hamwe namakuru yuburenganzira muri dosiye zamajwi ubwabo. Ubu bushobozi bwa metadata bugaragaza agaciro ntangarugero kubitabo binini byamasomero hamwe nimishinga ikorana isaba ibyangombwa birambuye.
Ikwirakwizwa-ryiteguye: MP3 na AAC
Nubwo ari imiterere yatakaye, MP3 na AAC bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bigezweho byo gukora, cyane cyane kubireba abakiriya, gutegura neza, no kugabana dosiye byihuse. MP3 ihuza isi yose ituma iba ntangarugero mugukwirakwiza demo, nubwo imyaka yayo yerekana neza ugereranije na codecs nshya. Kubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, kodegisi kuri 320kbps CBR (Constant Bit Rate) itanga umusaruro mwiza wa MP3 isohoka, ibereye mubikorwa byinshi byumwuga. AAC yasimbuye ahanini MP3 mubijyanye nuburinganire-bunini, itanga ubudahemuka bwamajwi kuri bitrate ihwanye. Amahuriro akomeye arimo Apple Music, YouTube, nabandi benshi bakoresha AAC nkuburyo bwabo bwibanze bwo gutanga. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga kodegisi yibi bibuga bifasha abaproducer guhitamo neza shobuja. Kurugero, kumenya ko Spotify transcode yoherejwe kuri OGG Vorbis irashobora guhindura ibyemezo byo kumenya no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
- Encode MP3 demo kuri 320kbps CBR kubwiza buhoraho
- Koresha AAC mugutezimbere urubuga
- Buri gihe shobuja kuva isoko idafite igihombo, ntuzigere urenga hagati yimiterere yatakaye
Imiterere yihariye yumusaruro
Kurenga imiterere yamajwi isanzwe, gutunganya umuziki bisaba ubwoko bwihariye bwa dosiye kubikorwa byihariye. Idosiye ya DSD (Direct Stream Digital) yerekana amahitamo menshi yo kwizerwa gusohora amajwi, ukoresheje 1-biti ya kodegisi ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyane (2.8MHz no hejuru). Nubwo bidakorwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi, ubuhanga bwa DSD bwungutse byinshi murwego rwohejuru rwa classique na jazz gusohora aho ireme ryamajwi ryerekana neza akazi. Idosiye ya REX, yakozwe na Propellerhead, yahinduye umusaruro ushingiye kumurongo ushyiramo tempo no guca amakuru muburyo butaziguye. Izi dosiye zemerera gukoresha tempo-yigenga ikoreshwa ryibintu bitunganijwe, bigatuma iba ingirakamaro kubikorwa bya muzika ya elegitoroniki no gukora remix. Mu buryo busa nabwo, imiterere nka SFZ na EXS24 ituma ibintu byinshi bitoroshe kandi byubaka ibikoresho, bikuraho icyuho kiri hagati yama dosiye yoroshye y amajwi nibikoresho bigoye.
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ibice Bitandukanye
Gutunganya umuziki neza bisaba guhitamo imiterere ihuza buri cyiciro cyumushinga usabwa. Mugihe cyo gukurikirana no kurenza amasomo, imiterere idahwitse nka WAV cyangwa AIFF yemeza neza kugumana ubuziranenge no gutunganya icyumba cyumutwe. Icyiciro cyo gufata amajwi cyunguka muburyo bwimiterere yuburyo bwose kugirango wirinde guhuza ibibazo no gukomeza gukora neza. Kuvanga no kumenya ibyiciro bisaba gusuzuma witonze ingaruka zifatika kubitangwa byanyuma. Ibiti no kuvanga ibintu bigomba gukomeza ubuziranenge butagira igihombo, mugihe ivangavanga kubakiriya rishobora gukoresha imiterere-y-igihombo cyiza cyo kugabana byoroshye. Icyiciro cyo gutondekanya icyiciro gikora hamwe nisoko ryiza ryiza riraboneka, ritanga ibisubizo byinshi byimiterere itezimbere kumiyoboro itandukanye yo gukwirakwiza – kuva murwego rwo hejuru rwo gukuramo kugeza kuri verisiyo nziza.
- Shiraho ibipimo byimiterere mugitangira umushinga kugirango wirinde ibibazo byo guhinduka
- Komeza kubika ibicuruzwa bitagira igihombo mubyiciro byose byakozwe
- Kora imiterere yihariye ya shobuja kumiyoboro itandukanye
Ibyingenzi
Ingamba zo Kubungabunga Ubuziranenge
Kugumana ubuziranenge bwamajwi murwego rwumusaruro bisaba gucunga neza imiterere no gusobanukirwa aho igihombo cyiza cyemewe ningirakamaro
- Buri gihe wandike kandi uvange muburyo butagira igihombo (WAV, AIFF, FLAC)
- Koresha imiterere yatakaye gusa mugukwirakwiza no gutumanaho kubakiriya
- Ntuzigere urenga hagati yuburyo butandukanye bwo gutakaza kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwiza
Gukwirakwiza akazi
Uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo buringaniza ibisabwa ubuziranenge hamwe nibitekerezo bifatika nko kubika umwanya, kwimura umuvuduko, no guhuza muri sisitemu zitandukanye
- Ibipimo kuri 24-bit / 48kHz kubikorwa byinshi byumwuga
- Shyira mu bikorwa amazina ahoraho yuburyo butandukanye
- Koresha imiterere ifunitse idafite ububiko bwububiko kugirango ubike umwanya
Ihuriro ryihariye
Gusobanukirwa uburyo urubuga rutandukanye rukora imiterere yijwi rufasha abaproducer guhitamo neza ba shebuja kumiyoboro yihariye yo gukwirakwiza na sisitemu yo gukina
- Intego yibikorwa byubushakashatsi mbere yo kumenya neza
- Kora ibice byinshi byingenzi byateguwe neza kugirango bikurwe
- Gerageza ibisubizo byanyuma kuri sisitemu yo gukina kugirango ugenzure ubuziranenge
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nakagombye kwandika kuri 96kHz kugirango ube mwiza?
Kubikorwa byinshi bya muzika, 48kHz itanga ubuziranenge buhagije kandi bukora neza. Wibike 96kHz cyangwa igipimo cyikitegererezo cyibisabwa byihariye nko gutanga amafilime, gufata amajwi ya kera, cyangwa mugihe hagomba guhinduka umwanya munini. Igipimo cyo hejuru cyicyitegererezo cyongera ubunini bwa dosiye kandi ntigishobora gutanga inyungu zumvikana kubikorwa bisanzwe bya muzika.
Haba hari itandukaniro ryiza hagati ya WAV na AIFF?
Oya, WAV na AIFF zitanga ubuziranenge bwamajwi mugihe ukoresheje uburebure buke hamwe nicyitegererezo cyibipimo. Guhitamo mubisanzwe biza muburyo bwo guhuza-WAV ikunze kugaragara muri studio ishingiye kuri PC mugihe AIFF yatangiriye mubidukikije bya Mac. Imiterere yombi irashyigikirwa cyane muri DAW igezweho.
Nshobora kuvanga imishinga nkoresheje dosiye ya FLAC aho gukoresha WAV?
Nibyo, dosiye za FLAC zitanga amajwi-bitunganijwe neza kandi bikwiranye no kuvanga porogaramu. DAW nyinshi zigezweho zishyigikira byimazeyo FLAC, kandi imiterere itanga inyungu yubunini bwa dosiye ntoya ugereranije na WAV. Ariko, genzura inkunga yihariye ya DAW ya FLAC n’imikorere mbere yo kwiyemeza gukora FLAC.
Niki bitrate nkwiye gukoresha kuri MP3 yabakiriya?
320kbps CBR itanga ubuziranenge bwa MP3 kandi irasabwa kwerekana demo yabigize umwuga. Mugihe 256kbps cyangwa 192kbps zishobora kuba zihagije kuri demo ikabije, kuzigama kwa fayili ntoya ntibisobanura neza kugabanuka kwiza mugihe werekana akazi kubakiriya cyangwa abo mukorana.
Nigute nahitamo hagati yimiterere itandukanye idafite igihombo?
Reba ibyo usabwa gukora: koresha WAV cyangwa AIFF kugirango uhuze cyane muri sisitemu zose, FLAC kugirango ubike neza hamwe na metadata, cyangwa ALAC niba ukora cyane mubidukikije bya Apple. Byose bitanga amajwi amwe, kubwibyo guhuza hamwe nubunini bwa dosiye bigomba gutwara icyemezo cyawe.
Nakagombye guhindura isomero ryanjye ryose ry’icyitegererezo muburyo bumwe?
Kugena imiterere yububiko bwibitabo byintangarugero birashobora kunoza imikorere yakazi, ariko wirinde guhindura imiterere idafite igihombo bitari ngombwa. Niba ibyitegererezo bimaze kuba muri WAV cyangwa AIFF, ubireke nkuko biri. Tekereza guhindura gusa niba ukeneye ibintu byihariye nkubufasha bwa metadata ya FLAC cyangwa ingano ya dosiye ntoya kugirango ubike neza.
Ni ubuhe bwoko nkwiye kugeza kubashakashatsi ba injeniyeri?
Tanga dosiye zidacometse kuri WAV cyangwa AIFF kumurongo muremure wakoreshejwe mugihe cyo kuvanga, mubisanzwe 24-bit kurwego rwicyitegererezo cyumushinga wawe. Shyiramo byombi bivanga byanyuma nibiti kugiti cyawe nibisabwa. Irinde igihombo icyo ari cyo cyose cyatakaye cyangwa icyitegererezo kidakenewe cyo guhindura igipimo gishobora guhungabanya inzira yo kumenya.
Haba hari itandukaniro ryiza hagati ya kodegisi ya MP3 itandukanye?
Nibyo, ubuziranenge bwa kodegisi buratandukanye cyane. LAME ifatwa nkurwego rwohejuru MP3 encoder kandi irasabwa kubisabwa byumwuga. Irinde gukoresha kodegisi yubatswe kuva mubakinnyi b’ibitangazamakuru cyangwa software ishaje, kuko akenshi itanga ibisubizo bito ugereranije na kodegisi igezweho.
Shira ubumenyi bwawe mubikorwa
Noneho ko usobanukiwe nibisobanuro, gerageza Guhindura kugirango ushyire mubikorwa ibyo wize. Guhindura kubuntu, kutagira imipaka nta konti isabwa.