Amashusho yuzuye ya Codec yo kugereranya
Isesengura ryuzuye rya codec ya videwo igezweho harimo H.264 / AVC, H.265 / HEVC, VP9, AV1, nibindi byinshi. Shakisha codec nziza kugirango ukurikirane, umusaruro, cyangwa ububiko bukenewe.
Imbonerahamwe
- Intangiriro kuri Codecs ya Video
Wige ibyingenzi byo guhagarika amashusho nimpamvu codecs ningirakamaro mugutambuka no kubika.
- Incamake ya Video Codecs
Isesengura rirambuye rya H.264 / AVC, H.265 / HEVC, VP9, AV1, hamwe nandi ma code ya code yingenzi.
- Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya Codec
Kuruhande rumwe tekiniki yo kugereranya imikorere yo kwikuramo neza, ubuziranenge, no guhuza.
- Ubwihindurize bwa Codecs ya Video
Iterambere ryamateka niterambere ryikoranabuhanga muburyo bwo guhuza amashusho.
- Koresha Imanza n’ibyifuzo
Nihe codec ikora neza mugutemba, kubyara, kubika, nibindi bintu byihariye.
- Ubuhanga bwimbitse
Isesengura rya tekiniki yambere ya codec imbere, imikorere ya bitrate, hamwe nuburyo bwa kodegisi.
- Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ibisubizo kubibazo bisanzwe bijyanye no guhitamo amashusho ya codec, guhuza, no gukora.
Intangiriro kuri Codecs ya Video
Video codecs nizo nkingi yikoranabuhanga rya videwo ya sisitemu, ituma kubika neza no kohereza ibintu bya videwo ku mbuga n’ibikoresho bitandukanye. Muri iki gitabo cyuzuye, tuzasesengura codecs zingenzi zingenzi ziboneka uyumunsi, tugereranye imbaraga nintege nke zabo, kandi tugufashe guhitamo codec ibereye kubyo ukeneye byihariye.
Waba uri uwashizeho ibirimo, utanga serivise zitanga serivisi, cyangwa ufite amatsiko gusa yukuntu amashusho ukunda agera kuri ecran yawe, gusobanukirwa codec ya videwo nibyingenzi mubuzima bwibidukikije.
Impamvu Codecs ya Video ifite akamaro
Video codecs (compression / decompression algorithms) ikora nkumugongo wo gukwirakwiza amashusho ya digitale, ituma videwo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ibikwa neza kandi ikoherezwa mumiyoboro ifite umurongo mugari. Guhitamo codec iburyo birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye:
Ingano ya dosiye
Codecs zigezweho zirashobora kugabanya ingano ya dosiye ya videwo kugeza kuri 50-80% ugereranije nimiterere ishaje mugihe ikomeza ubuziranenge.
Guhuza
Ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe na porogaramu zitandukanye zishyigikira codec zitandukanye, bigira ingaruka nuburyo amashusho yawe ashobora kurebwa.
Inzira nziza
Codecs ikora neza itanga ibisubizo bihanitse kandi byiza bigenda neza no kumurongo mugari.
Gukoresha ingufu
Codecs zimwe zisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gutunganya decode, bigira ingaruka itaziguye mubuzima bwa bateri kubikoresho bigendanwa.
Gucomeka kuri videwo bikora mugukuraho amakuru atagaragara muburyo butagaragara neza mumaso yumuntu. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo tekinike zitandukanye zirimo:
- Gucomeka ahantu: Kugabanya ubudahangarwa mubice bimwe
- Kwikuramo by’agateganyo: Kubika gusa itandukaniro riri hagati yamakadiri akurikirana
- Kode ya enterineti: Gukoresha uburyo bwibarurishamibare kugirango ugaragaze imiterere rusange neza
- Chroma: Kugabanya amakuru yamabara amaso yumuntu atumva neza
Mugihe tugereranije codecs zitandukanye muriki gitabo, tuzareba uburyo buriwese ashyira mubikorwa ubwo buhanga hamwe nubucuruzi buvuyemo hagati yubwiza bugaragara, gukora neza, hamwe nibisabwa kubara.
Incamake ya Video Codecs
H.264 / AVC
H.264. Byakozwe na ITU-T Video Coding Impuguke hamwe na ISO / IEC MPEG, itanga uburinganire bwiza hagati yo kwikuramo neza no gutobora.
- Gushyigikirwa nibikoresho byose hamwe na mushakisha
- Kwihutisha ibyuma birahari cyane
- Impirimbanyi nziza yubuziranenge no kwikuramo
- Ibisabwa byo kubara bike
H.265 / HEVC
H.265 (High Coding Video Coding) niyo isimbuye H.264, itanga hafi 50% yogusenyera neza kurwego rumwe. Nibyiza cyane cyane kubirimo 4K na HDR, nubwo bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gutunganya kugirango zishire hamwe na decode.
- 50% kwikuramo neza kurenza H.264
- Nibyiza kubirimo 4K na HDR
- Gukura ibyuma bigufasha mubikoresho bishya
- Inkunga yo gukemura 8K
VP9
Byatunganijwe na Google, VP9 nubundi bwami butagira ubwami kuri H.265 hamwe nuburyo bwo kwikuramo busa. Irashyigikirwa cyane kurubuga rwa interineti kandi yahindutse codec isanzwe ya YouTube, itanga compression nziza cyane kuruta H.264.
- Royalty-free open standard
- Inkunga nziza ya mushakisha
- Imikorere isa na H.265 / HEVC
- Ikoreshwa na YouTube hamwe nizindi mbuga za interineti
AV1
AV1 ni kodegisi ya videwo ifunguye yakozwe na Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), yagenewe gutsinda VP9 no guhangana na HEVC. Itanga hafi 30% yo kwikuramo neza kuruta VP9 na H.265 / HEVC ku giciro cyo hejuru cyane kodegisi.
- Uburyo bwiza bwo guhunika neza burahari
- Royalty-free hamwe ninganda yagutse
- Gukura mushakisha hamwe nubufasha bwa platform
- Kwiyongera kwakirwa na serivisi nkuru zitemba
Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya Codec
| Ikiranga | H.264 (AVC) | H.265 (HEVC) | VP9 | AV1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gukora neza | Ibyingenzi | ~ 50% kurenza H.264 | ~ 50% kurenza H.264 | ~ 30% byiza kuruta HEVC / VP9 |
| Encoding Umuvuduko | Byihuse | Buhoro | Buhoro cyane | Biratinda cyane |
| Kurangiza | Hasi | Hagati | Hagati | Hejuru |
| Inkunga yibikoresho | Isi yose | Nibyiza (ibikoresho bishya) | Ntarengwa | Kugaragara |
| Inkunga ya mushakisha | Mucukumbuzi zose | Bike (Safari, Edge) | Mucukumbuzi nkuru | Gukura (Chrome, Firefox, Impande) |
| Inkunga igendanwa | Ibikoresho byose | Ibikoresho byinshi bishya | Yibanze kuri Android | Ntarengwa, gutera imbere |
| Icyemezo Cyiza | 8K (gake ikoreshwa) | 8K | 8K | 8K+ |
| Inkunga ya HDR | Ntarengwa | Cyiza | Nibyiza | Cyiza |
| Uruhushya | Amafaranga yatanzwe | Ubukode bwa patenti (hejuru) | Ubuntu | Ubuntu |
| Umwaka Urekuwe | 2003 | 2013 | 2013 | 2018 |
| Iterambere | MPEG / ITU | MPEG / ITU | Ihuriro ryo gufungura itangazamakuru |
Icyitonderwa: Kugereranya imikorere yo kugereranya iragereranijwe kandi irashobora gutandukana ukurikije ubwoko bwibirimo, igenamiterere rya kodegisi, nogushyira mubikorwa. AV1 yibikorwa byingenzi byunguka mubisanzwe bizana hamwe na kodegisi ihanitse cyane, bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza kubirimo bizajya byandikwa rimwe kandi bigakinwa inshuro nyinshi.
Ubwihindurize bwa Codecs ya Video
Video ya codec ya tekinoroji yagiye ihinduka cyane mumyaka mirongo, hamwe na buri gisekuru kizana iterambere ryinshi muburyo bwo kwikuramo no kureba neza. Gusobanukirwa niyi nyigisho bitanga imiterere yingirakamaro yo gusuzuma amahitamo yuyu munsi no gutegereza ibizaza.
MPEG-1 na MPEG-2
Ibipimo byambere byerekana amashusho yambere, MPEG-2 yabaye umusingi wa videwo ya DVD na tereviziyo ya tereviziyo. Izi codec zo hambere zashyizeho tekinike yibanze yo guhagarika amashusho agezweho.
H.264 / AVC
Ikimenyetso cyerekana amashusho, H.264 yatanze umusaruro ushimishije kuri MPEG-2, ituma HD yerekana amashusho na disiki ya Blu-ray. Igumye kuba codec ishyigikiwe nabantu bose nyuma yimyaka makumyabiri.
VP8
Google yaguze kandi irekura VP8 nk’uburyo bworoshye kuri H.264. Nubwo itigeze igera kumurongo umwe, yashyizeho urufatiro rwiterambere rya Google nyuma ya codec hamwe na codec idafite ubwami.
H.265 / HEVC na VP9
Izi codec zirushanwe zagaragaye icyarimwe, zombi zitanga hafi 50% compression nziza kuruta H.264. HEVC yibanze ku gutangaza amakuru no mu mwuga mu gihe VP9 yasanze ari nziza muri videwo y’urubuga.
AV1
Yateguwe na Alliance for Media Media (harimo Google, Mozilla, Netflix, Amazone), AV1 ikomatanya ibintu byiza bya VP9 hamwe nizindi codec zigeragezwa kugirango habeho amahame atagira ubwami hamwe no gukora neza.
H.266 / VVC
Amashusho atandukanye ya Voding (VVC) niyo asimbuye HEVC, atanga compression nziza hafi 50% kuruta HEVC / H.265. Ihanze cyane cyane 8K ikemurwa, ibirimo HDR, hamwe na progaramu nziza yo gukwirakwiza amashusho.
AV2 & AI ishingiye kuri Codecs
Igisekuru kizaza cya codecs gishobora kuba kirimo imashini yiga imashini hamwe nu miyoboro ya neural kugirango igere ku ntera ishimishije cyane, hamwe niterambere rimaze gutangira ku uzasimbura AV1.
Inzira zingenzi muri Evolisiyo ya Codec
Uburyo bwinshi busobanutse bwagaragaye nkuko tekinoroji ya codec ya videwo yateye imbere:
Inyungu Zunguka
Buri gisekuru gishya gitanga 30-50% kugabanya bitrate kubwiza bumwe ugereranije nabayibanjirije.
Gukura bigoye
Encoding igoye yiyongera cyane kuri buri gisekuru, bisaba ibikoresho byinshi byo kubara.
Fungura na nyirubwite
Ubushyamirane hagati yuburinganire bwa patenti (H.264 / H.265) nubundi buryo butagira ubwami (VP9 / AV1) bwashizeho imiterere.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa AI
Kwiga imashini byinjizwa muri codecs nshya kugirango ibyemezo byinshi byo kwikuramo ubwenge.
Koresha Imanza n’ibyifuzo
Porogaramu zitandukanye za videwo zifite ibisabwa byihariye, kandi guhitamo codec nziza biterwa nurubanza rwawe rukoreshwa. Dore isesengura ryacu codecs nziza cyane mubihe bitandukanye, urebye guhuza, ubuziranenge, hamwe no gutekereza neza.
Urubuga rwa videwo
Kurubuga rwa videwo rushingiye kumurongo, guhitamo codec bigomba kuringaniza compression neza hamwe na mushakisha yagutse. Kohereza kodegisi nyinshi zinyuze muburyo bwo guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni inzira isabwa.
H.264 VP9 AV1Video igendanwa
Ibikoresho bigendanwa bifite umurongo mugari hamwe nimbaraga zo gutunganya. Kode yihuta yibikoresho byingirakamaro mubuzima bwa bateri, bigatuma codecs zishyigikiwe cyane nubwo zikoreshwa mukugabanuka.
H.264 H.2654K / HDR Ibirimo
Ibikemurwa cyane, byinshi-dinamike-yingingo isaba codecs hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhonyora kugirango igumane ingano ya dosiye nibisabwa byogucungwa neza mugihe ubitse ubwiza bwibonekeje.
H.265 VP9 AV1Amashusho
Kugirango uhindure amashusho nibikorwa byakazi, codecs igomba kuringaniza ubuziranenge, guhindura-urugwiro, hamwe no kubara neza. Abanyamwuga benshi bakoresha kodegisi yihariye mbere yo gutanga bwa nyuma.
ProRes DNxHD H.264 (bitrate yo hejuru)Televiziyo
Kwamamaza bifite ibisabwa byihariye byo kwizerwa, ubuziranenge, no guhuza ibikorwa remezo bihari. Inganda ninganda akenshi zitegeka guhitamo codec.
MPEG-2 H.264 H.265Umukino
Igicu cyimikino nudukino dukeneye codecs zitanga ubukererwe buke, kodegisi yihuse, hamwe no kwihanganira ibintu bigoye, bihinduka byihuse hamwe nibintu bike.
H.264 H.265 AV1Umuyoboro muke
Kuri ssenarios ifite umuvuduko muke cyane, nkumuyoboro wa terefone igendanwa mucyaro, codec ikora neza itanga igipimo cyiza cyiza-kuri-bitrate nubwo kodegisi irenze.
AV1 H.265Kamera z’umutekano
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikeneye kuringaniza amajwi ahoraho hamwe nububiko buke, akenshi igashyira imbere ububiko bwigihe kirekire kurenza ubwiza bwibonekeje.
H.264 H.265Ububiko
Kubungabunga igihe kirekire, codecs igomba kuringaniza compression ikora neza hamwe na decoder iboneka. Porogaramu zimwe zikoresha codec zitagira igihombo kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwiza.
H.265 FFV1 (nta gihombo) ProResIgihe cyo Gukoresha Kodegisi Nshya
- Iyo umwanya wo kubika cyangwa umurongo wagabanutse cyane
- Kubirimo bizajya byandikwa rimwe ariko bikinwe inshuro nyinshi
- Iyo ugamije urubuga rwihariye hamwe na codec izwi
- Kubireba-hejuru (4K / 8K) nibirimo murwego rwo hejuru
- Iyo kodegisi igihe ntabwo ari ikintu gikomeye
Igihe cyo Kugumana na H.264
- Iyo igikoresho kinini hamwe na platform bihujwe
- Kubuzima bwa kodegisi nzima hamwe namikoro make yo kubara
- Iyo kodegisi yihuta ni ngombwa kuruta ubunini bwa dosiye
- Kubirimo hamwe no gukwirakwiza kugufi cyangwa igihe gito
- Mugihe wibasiye ibikoresho bishaje bidafite ibyuma byihuta kuri codecs nshya
Ubuhanga bwimbitse
Kubashaka kumenya uburyo bwibanze bwa codec ya videwo igezweho, iki gice kirasesengura ishingiro rya tekiniki nudushya dushoboza kwikuramo neza mugihe gikomeza ubuziranenge.
Uburyo bukuru bwo guhonyora muri Codec zigezweho
Guhagarika amashusho bishingiye kubuhanga butandukanye bwibanze bwagiye buhinduka cyane mubisekuru bya codec. Gusobanukirwa aya mahame yibanze bifasha gusobanura itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati ya codecs:
Kwikuramo umwanya (Imbere-Ikadiri)
Codecs zose zigezweho zihagarika ama frame kumurongo ukoresheje code ya code, mubisanzwe hamwe nibihinduka bya Discret Cosine Transform (DCT). Iyi nzira ihindura pigiseli ya data muri coefficient ya frequency, ituma amakuru make agaragara abikwa hamwe na bits nkeya.
- H.264 ikoresha 4 × 4 na 8 × 8 DCT ihinduka
- H.265 yaguka kumpinduka nini (kugeza 32 × 32) kugirango ikorwe neza neza ahantu harambuye
- VP9 ikoresha impinduka kuva 4 × 4 kugeza 32 × 32
- AV1 ongeraho impinduka zidafite kare kandi zirashobora gukoresha impinduka zigera kuri 64 × 64, bigatuma habaho guhuza neza nibirimo
Kwiyunvikana by’agateganyo (Inter-frame)
Inyungu nini zo kwikuramo ziva mugukoresha ibintu bisa hagati yikurikiranya. Aho kubika buri kintu cyose, codecs ibika icyerekezo cyimikorere nibitandukaniro bisigaye:
- H.264 ikoresha impinduka zingana kuva 16 × 16 kugeza kuri 4 × 4 kugirango indishyi zigenda
- H.265 itangiza gutandukana byoroshye hamwe na Coding Tree Units (CTUs) kugeza kuri 64 × 64, ishobora kugabanywa inshuro nyinshi muburyo bwa kane.
- VP9 ishyigikira gahunda isa yo gutandukanya gahunda yo kugabana hamwe na “superblock” ya 64 × 64
- AV1 ongeraho nibindi byinshi byo guhitamo harimo gutandukanya asimmetric hamwe nuburyo bwo guhanura
Uburyo bwo guhanura
Uburyo bwiza bwo guhanura bufasha codecs guteganya ibirimo utabibitse neza:
- Imbere-guhanura: Ihanura ibibujijwe kuva kuri decode ya pigiseli ituranye murwego rumwe
- Guhanura: Ihanura ibibujijwe kuva kumurongo wacuzwe mbere
- Ubuhanuzi bubiri: Iteganya ukoresheje ibice byashize nibizaza
Codecs nshya itangiza uburyo buhanitse bwo guhanura, hamwe na AV1 itanga 56 muburyo bwo guhanura ugereranije na 9 ya H.264 na 35 ya HEVC.
Ubushishozi bwa tekinike: Inyungu zidasanzwe zunguka muri codec zigezweho ahanini biva muburyo bukomeye bwo gutandukanya no guhanura aho kuba amahame mashya yo kwikuramo. Iterambere ryemerera codecs guhuza neza nubwoko butandukanye bwibirimo, kuva ibintu byihuta byerekana ibintu bihagaze neza hamwe nibisobanuro byiza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa codec ya videwo ihuza abantu benshi?
H.264 (AVC) ikomeza kuba codec ya videwo ihuza abantu benshi, ishyigikiwe nibikoresho byose bigezweho, mushakisha, hamwe na platform byakozwe mumyaka 15+ ishize. Nuguhitamo neza mugihe ibikubiyemo bigomba gukinirwa ahantu hose udakeneye verisiyo zitandukanye.
Niyihe codec itanga ubuziranenge bwiza-ku bunini?
AV1 kuri ubu itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwikuramo (ubuziranenge-ku bunini) hagati ya codecs yoherejwe mu bucuruzi, igera kuri 30% yo kwikuramo neza kurusha H.265 / HEVC na VP9 ku bwiza bumwe. Nyamara, ibi biza ku giciro cyo hejuru cyane ya kodegisi igoye hamwe nubufasha buke bwibikoresho. Kubikorwa byinshi bifatika, H.265 / HEVC na VP9 bitanga impirimbanyi nziza yimikorere kandi ifatika.
Nigute nahitamo hagati ya H.265 / HEVC na VP9?
H.265 / HEVC na VP9 bitanga uburyo busa bwo kwikuramo (hafi 50% kurenza H.264), ariko bitandukanye muburenganzira hamwe nubufasha bwibidukikije. Hitamo H.265 / HEVC mugihe wibasiye ibikoresho bya Apple, TV zifite ubwenge, hamwe nakazi ka videwo yabigize umwuga aho kwihutisha ibyuma ari ngombwa. Hitamo VP9 kubintu bishingiye kurubuga, gutezimbere YouTube, kandi mugihe wirinze amafaranga yubukode nibyingenzi. Ihuriro ryinshi ryingenzi ritanga ibikubiye muburyo bwombi binyuze muburyo bwo guhuza n’imiterere.
AV1 yiteguye gukoreshwa muburyo rusange?
AV1 iragenda yitegura gukoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwihariye, nubwo bitarakoreshwa hose nka H.264. Serivisi zingenzi zikoreshwa nka YouTube, Netflix, na Facebook ubu zikoresha AV1 kubintu byatoranijwe, cyane cyane kubintu bitagabanije. Inkunga ya mushakisha ni nziza (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), kandi inkunga yibikoresho iraguka mubikoresho bishya. Ariko, kodegisi ikomeza kubara cyane, bigatuma ikwiranye nibirimo bizajya byandikwa rimwe ariko bigakinwa inshuro nyinshi, cyangwa kuri ssenariyo aho kuzigama kwinshi kurenza ikiguzi cya kodegisi.
Bite se kuri YouTube? Nihe codec nakoresha mugushiraho?
Kurubuga rwa Youtube, shimangira gutanga dosiye yomurwego rwohejuru aho guhitamo mbere na codec yihariye. Youtube irenga ibyoherejwe muburyo bwinshi (H.264, VP9, ​​na AV1 bigenda byiyongera) kubintu bitandukanye byo gukina. Kubisubizo byiza, ohereza muri H.264 hamwe na bitrate yo hejuru cyangwa ProRes niba ihari. Youtube irasaba kugumana igipimo cyumwimerere cyumwimerere no gukemura kugeza 8K, kureka sisitemu yabo ikora optimizasiyo yibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukinisha hamwe n’umuvuduko wihuza.
Kode ya videwo itandukanye igira ingaruka kumikoreshereze ya CPU / GPU mugihe cyo gukina?
Yego rwose. Ibishya, bikora neza codecs mubisanzwe bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gutunganya decode keretse kwihuta kwibyuma birahari. H.264 decoding ni ibyuma byihuta hafi yibikoresho byose bigezweho, bigatuma imbaraga-zikoresha cyane. H.265 / HEVC na VP9 bifite ubufasha bwiza ariko butari rusange kubikoresho, cyane cyane kubikoresho bishya. AV1 ibyuma bya decoding biracyagaragara ariko biragenda biboneka kumasekuru agezweho ya GPU hamwe nabatunganya mobile. Software decoding ya codecs igezweho irashobora guhindura cyane ubuzima bwa bateri kubikoresho bigendanwa kandi birashobora gutera ibibazo byimikorere kuri mudasobwa zishaje.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya codec n’imiterere ya kontineri?
Kodegisi (nka H.264, H.265, VP9) ni algorithm ikanda kandi igahagarika amakuru ya videwo, mugihe imiterere ya kontineri (nka MP4, MKV, WebM) nigipfunyika gifata amashusho, amajwi, subtitles, na metadata hamwe. Tekereza kuri codec nkuburyo bwo gupakira ibirimo, mugihe kontineri ari agasanduku bapakiye. Urugero, kontineri MP4 irashobora gufata amashusho yanditseho H.264 cyangwa H.265, hamwe namajwi muburyo bwa AAC. Ikonteneri igena guhuza nabakinnyi hamwe na platform, mugihe codec igena compression ikora neza nubuziranenge.
Bite se kuri VVC / H.266 nizindi codecs zizaza?
Amashusho atandukanye ya Voding (VVC / H.266) niyo codec izakurikiraho kuva mumatsinda ya MPEG / ITU, isezeranya kwikuramo neza 50% kurusha HEVC / H.265. Mugihe ibipimo byarangiye muri 2020, kwakirwa kwinshi bizatwara imyaka mugihe ibyuma na software bitera imbere. Muri ubwo buryo, Ihuriro ryitangazamakuru rifunguye ririmo gukora kuri AV2, uzasimbura AV1. Izi kodegisi izakurikiraho yibanda cyane cyane kuri 8K ya videwo, ukuri kugaragara, hamwe na porogaramu yagutse cyane. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi zigezweho, kwibanda kuri codecs zuzuye zuzuye (H.264, HEVC, VP9, ​​na AV1 bigenda byiyongera) bikomeza kuba inzira ifatika.
Hitamo Codec ibereye kuri Video yawe ikeneye
Waba ukurikirana ibintu, utanga videwo, cyangwa utezimbere porogaramu, guhitamo codec ikwiye birashobora guhindura cyane ubuziranenge, guhuza, no gukora neza. Koresha igereranya ryacu ryuzuye kugirango ufate ibyemezo bisobanutse kubibazo byawe byihariye.