Encyclopedia yuzuye ya dosiye

Ubuyobozi bwuzuye kumiterere ya dosiye zose mubyiciro bitandukanye harimo inyandiko, amashusho, amajwi, amashusho, nibindi byinshi. Sobanukirwa nigihe cyo gukoresha imiterere yihariye kubisubizo byiza.

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Imiterere yinyandiko

Imiterere ya dosiye yagenewe inyandiko, urupapuro rwerekana, urupapuro rwerekana, hamwe nandi ma dosiye ajyanye nibiro abika inyandiko hamwe namakuru.

  • Imiterere yo gutunganya ijambo (DOCX, DOC, ODT, RTF)
  • Imiterere y’urupapuro (XLSX, XLS, ODS, CSV)
  • Imiterere yo kwerekana (PPTX, PPT, ODP)
  • Imiterere yimukanwa (PDF, XPS, EPUB)

Imiterere y’ishusho

Imiterere ya dosiye ibika amashusho ya digitale, harimo raster (pigiseli ishingiye) hamwe na vector (inzira-ishingiye) ibishushanyo kubibazo bitandukanye byo gukoresha.

  • Imiterere ya Raster (JPEG, PNG, GIF, WebP, TIFF)
  • Imiterere ya Vector (SVG, AI, EPS, CDR)
  • Kamera imiterere mbisi (CR2, NEF, ARW, DNG)
  • Imiterere itandukanye (PSD, XCF, PSB)

Imiterere ya Video

Imiterere ya dosiye yagenewe kubika amashusho yimuka, amajwi, hamwe na metadata ijyanye no gukina kubikoresho bitandukanye.

  • Imiterere ya kontineri (MP4, MKV, AVI, WebM)
  • Imiterere ya videwo y’urubuga (MP4, WebM, OGV)
  • Imiterere yumwuga (ProRes, DNxHD, MXF)
  • Imiterere y’umurage (WMV, FLV, 3GP)

Imiterere y’amajwi

Imiterere ya dosiye ibika amakuru yijwi rya digitale, ishyigikira urwego rutandukanye rwubuziranenge, compression, na metadata kubikorwa bitandukanye.

  • Imiterere ifunitse (MP3, AAC, OGG, WMA)
  • Imiterere itakaza (FLAC, ALAC, WAV, AIFF)
  • Imiterere yumwuga (PCM, DSD, MQA)
  • Imiterere y’urutonde (M3U, PLS, WPL)

Ububiko

Imiterere ya dosiye ihuza amadosiye menshi nububiko mu kintu kimwe, akenshi hamwe na compression kugirango igabanye ingano ya dosiye hamwe na enterineti.

  • Ububiko rusange (ZIP, RAR, 7Z, TAR)
  • Ububiko bwihariye bwa platform (CAB, DMG, PKG)
  • Imiterere ya disiki ya disiki (ISO, IMG, BIN)
  • Ububiko bwihariye (PAR, SFX, UUE)

Imiterere yububiko

Imiterere ya dosiye ikoreshwa mukubika amakuru yubatswe mububiko, kuva kububiko bworoshye bwa desktop kugeza kuri sisitemu yo murwego rwimikorere.

  • Ububiko bwa desktop (MDB, ACCDB, SQLite)
  • Idosiye yububiko bwa seriveri (MDF, NDF, DBF)
  • Imiterere yinyuma (BAK, DMP, SQL)
  • Imiterere yo guhana amakuru (XML, JSON, CSV)

Imiterere ya dosiye

Imiterere yo gutunganya ijambo

Imiterere yo gutunganya ijambo yagenewe kubika inyandiko zanditse hamwe nimiterere, amashusho, imbonerahamwe, nibindi bintu. Iyi format isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora inyuguti, raporo, ingingo, ibitabo, nibindi bikoresho bishingiye ku nyandiko.

.DOCX Microsoft

Microsoft Word Ifungura XML Imiterere yinyandiko, yatangijwe muri Word 2007. Ikoresha compression ya ZIP na XML kugirango ibike ibiri mu nyandiko, bivamo ingano ntoya ya dosiye ugereranije nuburyo bwa DOC bukera.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.inyandiko
  • Kwikuramo: ZIP
  • Gukoresha neza: Kurema inyandiko zisanzwe, inyandiko zubucuruzi, guhuza na Microsoft Office

.DOC Umurage

Umurage Imiterere ya Microsoft Word Document yakoreshejwe mbere ya Office 2007.Nuburyo bwa binary yihariye ibika inyandiko, amashusho, nibindi bikoresho.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / Ijambo
  • Kwikuramo: Binary
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhuza inyuma hamwe na verisiyo ishaje ya Ijambo hamwe nandi magambo atunganya ijambo

.ODT Fungura bisanzwe

Imiterere ya OpenDocument Text Document format, ifunguye ifunguye inyandiko itunganya ijambo. Nuburyo busanzwe bwa LibreOffice Writer hamwe nandi masoko afungura isoko ya biro.

  • Umushinga: OASIS Gufungura Inyandiko Imiterere ya Office Porogaramu
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.oasis.inyandiko.text
  • Kwikuramo: ZIP
  • Gukoresha neza: Gusangira inyandiko-gusangira inyandiko, kubika igihe kirekire, gufungura isoko-ibidukikije

.RTF Isi yose

Imiterere yinyandiko ikungahaye, imiterere ya dosiye ihuza inyandiko ibika imiterere yinyandiko. Irashyigikirwa hafi yamagambo yose atunganya kandi ikomeza ibintu byibanze byimiterere.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / rtf
  • Kwikuramo: Nta na kimwe (inyandiko isanzwe ifite kodegisi)
  • Gukoresha neza: Ibyingenzi byahinduwe hamwe nibishobora guhuzwa kurubuga

Urupapuro rwerekana urupapuro

Urupapuro rwerekana impapuro zibika amakuru yimbonerahamwe yatondekanye kumurongo hamwe ninkingi, hamwe na formula, imikorere, nimbonerahamwe. Izi format zikoreshwa mu gusesengura imari, gutunganya amakuru, kubara, no kubona amashusho.

.XLSX Microsoft

Microsoft Excel Gufungura imiterere ya XML Spreadsheet, yatangijwe muri Excel 2007. Ikoresha compression ya ZIP na XML, itanga urupapuro runini rufite imirongo myinshi ninkingi kurenza imiterere ya XLS ishaje.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.urupapuro
  • Imirongo ya Max: 1,048,576
  • Gukoresha neza: Isesengura ryamafaranga, gucunga amakuru, kubara bigoye

.XLS Umurage

Umurage Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet Imiterere yakoreshejwe mbere ya Excel 2007.Ni miterere ya binary ifite imbogamizi kubunini bwurupapuro numubare wimirimo ugereranije nuburyo bushya.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.ms-bihebuje
  • Imirongo ya Max: 65,536
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhuza na verisiyo ishaje ya Excel

.ODS Fungura bisanzwe

Gufungura inyandiko ya Spreadsheet yimiterere, ifunguye urwego rwimpapuro. Nuburyo busanzwe bwa LibreOffice Calc hamwe nizindi porogaramu zifungura-urupapuro rwerekana porogaramu.

  • Umushinga: Imiterere ya OASIS Ifungura inyandiko
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.oasis.inyandiko.impapuro
  • Imiterere: Ububiko bwa ZIP burimo dosiye ya XML
  • Gukoresha neza: Urupapuro rwambukiranya impapuro, gufungura-isoko ibidukikije

.CSV Isi yose

Imiterere ya koma yatandukanijwe, imiterere yoroshye yinyandiko ibika amakuru yimbonerahamwe. Buri murongo ugereranya umurongo, kandi indangagaciro zitandukanijwe na koma cyangwa izindi zisobanura.

  • Ubwoko: Inyandiko
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: inyandiko / csv
  • Imipaka: Nta format, formulaire, cyangwa impapuro nyinshi
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhana amakuru hagati ya porogaramu zitandukanye, kubika amakuru yoroshye

Imiterere yo kwerekana

Imiterere yo kwerekana ibika amashusho hamwe ninyandiko, amashusho, animasiyo, hamwe nibintu byinshi. Izi format zikoreshwa mugukora ibiganiro byinama zubucuruzi, inama, uburezi, nibindi bice.

.PTX Microsoft

Microsoft PowerPoint Gufungura imiterere ya XML yo kwerekana, yatangijwe muri PowerPoint 2007. Ikoresha compression ya ZIP na XML kugirango ibike amashusho, imiterere, animasiyo, nibindi bintu byerekana.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
  • Ibiranga: Animasiyo, inzibacyuho, multimediya
  • Gukoresha neza: Ibiganiro byubucuruzi, ibikubiyemo byuburezi, amashusho menshi ya multimediya

.PPT Umurage

Umurage Microsoft PowerPoint Yerekana Imiterere yakoreshejwe mbere ya PowerPoint 2007. Nuburyo bubiri bubika amashusho, ibishushanyo, na animasiyo yo kwerekana.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.ms-imbaraga
  • Imipaka: Ingano ya dosiye, ibintu bike ugereranije na PPTX
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhuza na verisiyo ishaje ya PowerPoint

.ODP Fungura bisanzwe

Imiterere ya OpenDocument yo kwerekana, ifunguye risanzwe ryerekana inyandiko. Nuburyo busanzwe bwa LibreOffice Impress hamwe nizindi porogaramu zifungura isoko.

  • Umushinga: Imiterere ya OASIS Ifungura inyandiko
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.oasis.inyandiko.kwerekana
  • Imiterere: Ububiko bwa ZIP burimo dosiye ya XML
  • Gukoresha neza: Kwambukiranya urubuga, gufungura-isoko ibidukikije

.KEY Apple

Imiterere ya Apple Keynote Yerekana, imiterere kavukire ya porogaramu ya Apple ya Keynote. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwa animasiyo hamwe no guhuza cyane nibindi bicuruzwa bya Apple.

  • Umushinga: Apple Inc.
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.isaba.ibisobanuro
  • Ihuriro: macOS, iOS, iCloud
  • Gukoresha neza: Igishushanyo-cyibanze-kwerekana, abakoresha ecosystem ya Apple

Imiterere yimiterere yinyandiko

Imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yashizweho kugirango igumane isura ihamye kurubuga rwibikoresho bitandukanye. Iyi miterere ibika imiterere, imyandikire, amashusho, nibindi bintu neza nkuko byateganijwe nuwabikoze.

.PDF Bisanzwe

Imiterere yimiterere yinyandiko, yatunganijwe kugirango yerekane inyandiko zihoraho kurubuga rwose. PDF ibika imiterere yinyandiko, ibishushanyo, nuburyo bititaye kuri porogaramu cyangwa sisitemu y’imikorere ikoreshwa mu kuyireba.

  • Umushinga: Sisitemu ya Adobe (ubu ISO isanzwe)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / pdf
  • Ibiranga: Imiterere, imikono ya digitale, ibanga
  • Gukoresha neza: Gukwirakwiza inyandiko, kubika, impapuro, ibyangombwa byemewe n’amategeko

.XPS Microsoft

XML Impapuro zisobanutse, Microsoft isanzwe kuri PDF. Nibisobanuro bifunguye kurupapuro rusobanura ururimi nuburyo bwimiterere-yinyandiko, ishingiye kuri XML.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / oxps, gusaba / vnd.ms-xpsdocument
  • Imiterere: Ububiko bwa ZIP burimo XML, ibikoresho
  • Gukoresha neza: Kugabana inyandiko yihariye ya Windows, sisitemu yo gucapa

.EPUB Igitabo

Imiterere ya elegitoroniki, uburyo bwuguruye kubitabo bya e-byakozwe na Forumu mpuzamahanga yo gutangaza amakuru. Iremera ibintu bishobora guhinduka kugirango bihuze nubunini butandukanye bwa ecran.

  • Umushinga: Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ryo gutangaza amakuru (IDPF)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / epub + zip
  • Ibiranga: Inyandiko isubirwamo, yashyizwemo imyandikire, amashusho
  • Gukoresha neza: E-ibitabo, ibitabo bya digitale, ibirimo kugarurwa

.MOBI Igitabo

Imiterere ya eBook ya MobiPocket, yatunganijwe kubasomyi ba MobiPocket nyuma ikoreshwa nabasomyi ba e-Amazon Kindle. Ishigikira ibimenyetso, inyandiko, hamwe no gukosora.

  • Umushinga: MobiPocket (Amazone)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / x-mobipocket-ebook
  • Imipaka: Amahitamo make yo guhitamo kuruta EPUB
  • Gukoresha neza: Amazon Kindle ecosystem, abakera e-basoma

Ishusho Idosiye Imiterere

Imiterere ya Raster

Imiterere ya shusho ya Raster ibika amakuru yishusho nka gride ya pigiseli imwe. Buri pigiseli ikubiyemo amakuru yamabara, kandi ubwiza bwamashusho ya raster biterwa nubushake bwabyo hamwe nubujyakuzimu.

.JPEG / .JPG Gucomeka

Ihuriro ryinzobere mu gufotora Imiterere yitsinda, imiterere yo guhomba yatakaye kumashusho ya digitale. JPEG ikusanya amakuru yishusho muguterera amakuru amwe, bigatuma iba nziza kumafoto namashusho atoroshye.

  • Umushinga: Itsinda ryinzobere mu gufotora
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / jpeg
  • Kwikuramo: Gutakaza (ubuziranenge bugaragara)
  • Gukoresha neza: Amafoto, amashusho y’urubuga, ibara ryibara ryinshi

.PNG Gutakaza

Imiterere ya Portable Network Graphics, imiterere yo guhomba idafite igihombo ishyigikira gukorera mu mucyo. PNG yaremewe nkuwasimbuwe neza, udahawe patenti kuri GIF.

  • Umushinga: Itsinda ryiterambere rya PNG
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / png
  • Ibiranga: Alpha gukorera mu mucyo, kwikuramo igihombo
  • Gukoresha neza: Urubuga ibishushanyo, ibirango, amashusho hamwe no gukorera mu mucyo

.GIF Animation

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhinduranya, imiterere ya bitmap ishusho ishigikira animasiyo kandi ikoresha palette yamabara agera kuri 256. GIF ikoresha compression idafite igihombo kandi ikoreshwa cyane kuri animasiyo yoroshye.

  • Umushinga: Kubika
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / impano
  • Imipaka: 256 amabara ntarengwa kumurongo
  • Gukoresha neza: Animasiyo yoroshye, amashusho, ibishushanyo bifite amabara make

.WebP Ibigezweho

Imiterere y’urubuga, yatunganijwe na Google nk’umusimbura wa JPEG, PNG, na GIF. Itanga igihombo cyinshi kandi cyatakaye kumashusho yurubuga kandi ishyigikira animasiyo no gukorera mu mucyo.

  • Umushinga: Google
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / urubuga
  • Kwikuramo: Byombi gutakaza no gutakaza
  • Gukoresha neza: Urubuga, amashusho mato mato mugihe ukomeza ubuziranenge

.TIFF / .TIF Ababigize umwuga

Tagged Image File File Format, imiterere yimiterere ya raster isanzwe ikoreshwa mugutangaza, gufotora, no gucapa umwuga. Ifasha imyanya myinshi yamabara hamwe nuburyo bwo kwikuramo.

  • Umushinga: Aldus Corporation (ubu Adobe)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / tiff
  • Ibiranga: Imirongo, impapuro nyinshi, amahitamo atandukanye
  • Gukoresha neza: Amafoto yumwuga, gusohora inyandiko, kubika

.BMP Shingiro

Imiterere ya Bitmap Ishusho Idosiye, imiterere yoroheje ya raster ikoreshwa na sisitemu y’imikorere ya Windows. Irabika amashusho yamakuru pigiseli kuri pigiseli nta kwikuramo inshuro nyinshi.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / bmp
  • Kwikuramo: Nta na kimwe cyangwa RLE (gake ikoreshwa)
  • Gukoresha neza: Igishushanyo cyoroshye, porogaramu za Windows, guhuza

Imiterere ya Vector

Imiterere ya Vector ishusho ibika amakuru yishusho nkimibare yimibare kuruta pigiseli. Ibi bituma amashusho ya vector ashobora gupimwa mubunini ubwo aribwo bwose atataye ubuziranenge, bigatuma biba byiza kubirango, amashusho, nibishusho.

.SVG Urubuga

Imiterere nini ya Vector Graphics, imiterere ya XML ishingiye kumashusho y’urubuga. SVG isobanura ibishushanyo muburyo bwa XML, ibemerera gushakishwa, gutondekwa, kwandikwa, no gukanda.

  • Umushinga: Urubuga mpuzamahanga ku isi (W3C)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / svg + xml
  • Ibiranga: Animation, imikoranire ikoresheje CSS na JavaScript
  • Gukoresha neza: Igishushanyo cyurubuga, igishushanyo mbonera, amashusho, animasiyo

.AI Adobe

Imiterere yubuhanzi bwa Adobe, imiterere ya dosiye kavukire ikoreshwa na Adobe Illustrator. Nuburyo bwihariye bwo gukora no kubika ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana ibintu byateye imbere.

  • Umushinga: Sisitemu ya Adobe
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / Inyandiko
  • Bishingiye kuri: PDF (kuva Ishusho 9)
  • Gukoresha neza: Igishushanyo mbonera cyumwuga, ibirango, amashusho

.EPS Gutangaza

Imiterere ya PostScript, imiterere ya dosiye ishushanya ishingiye kumvugo ya PostScript. Irakoreshwa cyane mugucapa umwuga no gutangaza akazi.

  • Umushinga: Sisitemu ya Adobe
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / Inyandiko
  • Ibiranga: Reba ishusho, kode ya PostScript, guhuza kwagutse
  • Gukoresha neza: Icapiro ryumwuga, guhuza porogaramu

.CDR CorelDRAW

Imiterere ya CorelDRAW, imiterere ya dosiye kavukire ya CorelDRAW Graphics Suite. Nuburyo bwa vector igishushanyo mbonera hamwe ninkunga yimpapuro nyinshi.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Corel
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / x-cdr
  • Ibiranga: Impapuro nyinshi, ibice, ingaruka
  • Gukoresha neza: Igishushanyo mbonera muri ecosystem ya CorelDRAW

Photoshop na Imiterere Yishusho

Imiterere yishusho itondekanya ishyigikira ibice byinshi byamakuru yishusho, yemerera guhimba bigoye no guhindura bidasenya. Iyi format ikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhindura amashusho yumwuga no gushushanya.

.PSD Adobe

Imiterere ya Photoshop Imiterere, imiterere ya dosiye kavukire ya Adobe Photoshop. Irinda ibice byose, masike, inyandiko, nibindi bikoresho byo guhindura kugirango ukomeze guhindura.

  • Umushinga: Sisitemu ya Adobe
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / vnd.adobe.amafoto
  • Ibiranga: Imirongo, masike, ibice byo guhindura, ibintu byubwenge
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhindura amafoto yumwuga, gushushanya, gushushanya

.XCF GIMP

Imiterere yububiko bwa eXperimental, imiterere ya dosiye kavukire ya GIMP ishusho yandika. Irinda ibice, imiyoboro, inzira, nandi makuru yo guhindura.

  • Umushinga: Ikipe ya GIMP
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / x-xcf
  • Ibiranga: Imirongo, imiyoboro, inzira, gukorera mu mucyo
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhindura amashusho muri GIMP, gufungura-isoko yakazi

.KRA Krita

Imiterere ya Krita, imiterere ya dosiye kavukire ya Krita yububiko bwa digitale. Irinda ibice, masike, muyunguruzi, nibintu bya vector.

  • Umushinga: Fondasiyo ya Krita
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / x-krita
  • Ibiranga: Amatsinda y’ibyiciro, ibice bya vector, masike yo kuyungurura
  • Gukoresha neza: Igishushanyo cya digitale, ishusho, kurema imiterere

Imiterere ya Kamera

Imiterere mbisi ya kamera ikubiyemo amakuru yatunganijwe byoroheje bivuye kumashusho yerekana kamera. Izi format zibika amakuru yumwimerere yose yamakuru, yemerera guhinduka cyane nyuma yo gutunganywa.

.RAW Rusange

Ijambo rusange kumiterere itandukanye yibishusho biva muri kamera ya digitale. Buri kamera ikora kamera mubisanzwe ifite imiterere yihariye.

  • Umushinga: Abakora kamera zitandukanye
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / x-mbisi
  • Ibiranga: Ibyuma bitunganijwe bidatunganijwe, byuzuye byimbitse
  • Gukoresha neza: Ifoto yumwuga, guhindura byinshi byoroshye

.DNG Adobe

Imiterere ya Digital Negative, imiterere ifunguye ishusho mbisi yatunganijwe na Adobe. Yashizweho kugirango itange imiterere isanzwe ya kamera mbisi ya fayili yakozwe nababikora batandukanye.

  • Umushinga: Sisitemu ya Adobe
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / x-adobe-dng
  • Ibiranga: Metadata isanzwe, yashyizwemo mbere
  • Gukoresha neza: Ububiko bwigihe kirekire bwamafoto mbisi, guhuza-guhuza

.CR2 / CR3 Canon

Imiterere ya Canon Raw 2/3, imiterere yibishusho bibisi ikoreshwa na kamera ya Canon. Harimo amakuru yishusho adatunganijwe neza uhereye kuri sensor ya kamera.

  • Umushinga: Canon Inc.
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / x-Canon-cr2, ishusho / x-Canon-cr3
  • Bishingiye kuri: TIFF (CR2), Imiterere ya ISO Base Media File Format (CR3)
  • Gukoresha neza: Ifoto yumwuga hamwe na kamera ya Canon

.NEF Nikon

Imiterere ya elegitoroniki ya Nikon, imiterere yibishusho bibisi ikoreshwa na kamera ya Nikon. Irimo amakuru adatunganijwe kuva kamera yerekana amashusho.

  • Umushinga: Nikon
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: ishusho / x-nikon-nef
  • Bishingiye kuri: Igipimo cya TIFF / EP
  • Gukoresha neza: Ifoto yumwuga hamwe na kamera ya Nikon

Imiterere ya File File

Imiterere ya Video isanzwe

Imiterere ya kontineri ikubiyemo amakuru ya videwo, inzira zamajwi, subtitles, na metadata muri dosiye imwe. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bishyigikira codecs zitandukanye nibiranga imikoreshereze itandukanye.

.MP4 Isi yose

MPEG-4 Igice cya 14 imiterere ya kontineri, imwe muma mashusho ashyigikiwe cyane. Irashobora kuba irimo amashusho, amajwi, subtitles, nizindi metadata kandi irahuza nibikoresho byinshi.

  • Umushinga: Kwimura Itsinda ryinzobere mu mashusho (ISO / IEC)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: video / mp4
  • Codecs rusange: H.264, H.265 (videwo), AAC (amajwi)
  • Gukoresha neza: Urubuga rwa interineti, ibikoresho bigendanwa, gukwirakwiza muri rusange

.MKV Binyuranye

Imiterere ya videwo ya Matroska, ifunguye bisanzwe, imiterere ya kontineri yoroheje ishobora gufata umubare utagira imipaka wa videwo, amajwi, ishusho, cyangwa subtitle yumurongo muri dosiye imwe.

  • Umushinga: Itsinda ryumushinga wa Matroska
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: video / x-matroska
  • Ibiranga: Inzira nyinshi zamajwi, insanganyamatsiko, ibice
  • Gukoresha neza: Kubika amashusho meza cyane, amajwi menshi / subtitle tracks

.AVI Umurage

Ijwi rya Video Ihuza Imiterere, yakozwe na Microsoft. Nuburyo bwa kontineri ishobora kuba ikubiyemo amajwi na videwo byombi mubikoresho bya dosiye yemerera guhuza amajwi-na-gukina.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: video / x-msvideo
  • Imipaka: Inkunga ya metadata ntarengwa, ingano ntarengwa
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhuza na sisitemu ishaje, kubika amashusho yoroshye

.MOV Apple

Imiterere ya firime yihuta, yakozwe na Apple. Nuburyo bwa kontineri ishobora kuba irimo amashusho, amajwi, ingaruka, nibirimo, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mubidukikije bya Apple.

  • Umushinga: Apple Inc.
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: videwo / igihe cyihuse
  • Ibiranga: Ibice, ingengabihe, ibirimo 3D
  • Gukoresha neza: Ibidukikije bya Apple, gutunganya amashusho yumwuga

.WebM Urubuga

Urubuga rwitangazamakuru, rufunguye, rutagira ubwami bwa dosiye yamakuru yagenewe urubuga. Ni agace k’imiterere ya kontineri ya Matroska hamwe na videwo ya VP8 / VP9 na codecs ya Vorbis / Opus.

  • Umushinga: Google
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: videwo / urubuga
  • Kodegisi: VP8, VP9, AV1 (videwo), Vorbis, Opus (amajwi)
  • Gukoresha neza: Urubuga rwurubuga, HTML5 gukina amashusho, gutambuka

.TS Kwamamaza

Imiterere ya MPEG Transport Stream, yagenewe gutangaza amashusho na majwi. Ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amajwi, amashusho, hamwe namakuru hejuru yibitangazamakuru byizewe.

  • Umushinga: Kwimura Itsinda ryinzobere mu mashusho (ISO / IEC)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: video / mp2t
  • Ibiranga: Gukosora amakosa, ubushobozi bwo gutembera
  • Gukoresha neza: Televiziyo ya Digital yerekana, gutambuka, DVD

Imiterere ya Video Yumwuga

Imiterere ya videwo yabigize umwuga yagenewe gukora amashusho meza cyane, gutunganya, no gukwirakwiza. Iyi format akenshi ishyira imbere ubwiza kurenza ingano ya dosiye kandi igashyigikira ibintu byateye imbere.

.MXF Kwamamaza

Imiterere yo guhanahana ibikoresho, imiterere ya kontineri ya videwo yumwuga hamwe nibirimo amajwi. Yashizweho kugirango habeho guhanahana amajwi-amashusho hamwe namakuru ajyanye na metadata.

  • Umushinga: Sosiyete ya Moteri Yerekana Amashusho na Televiziyo (SMPTE)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / mxf
  • Ibiranga: Metadata ikungahaye, uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora
  • Gukoresha neza: Inganda zamamaza, gutunganya amashusho yumwuga

.DNxHR / DNxHD Witondere

Digital Nonlinear Extensible High Resolution / High Definition, codec yo murwego rwohejuru ya codec yakozwe na Avid Technology kugirango ikemurwe cyane, ikora HD ikora.

  • Umushinga: Ikoranabuhanga
  • Ibirimwo: MXF, MOV
  • Inzego z’ubuziranenge: LB, SQ, HQ, HQX, 444
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhindura amashusho yumwuga, Guhimbaza Media Media

.ProRes Apple

Isosiyete ya Apple ProRes, umuryango wujuje ubuziranenge, udafite igihombo cyerekana amashusho yakozwe na Apple kugirango ikore nyuma yumusaruro. Itanga urwego rwubuziranenge butandukanye kubibazo bitandukanye.

  • Umushinga: Apple Inc.
  • Ibirimwo: MOV, MXF
  • Ibihinduka: 422 Porokireri, 422 LT, 422, 422 HQ, 4444, 4444 XQ
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhindura amashusho yumwuga, Apple Final Cut Pro

.BRAW Blackmagic

Blackmagic RAW, imiterere ya videwo mbisi ifunitse yakozwe na Blackmagic Igishushanyo. Ihuza ubworoherane bwo gutunganya mbisi hamwe nimikorere ya videwo gakondo.

  • Umushinga: Igishushanyo mbonera
  • Kwikuramo: Ubwiza buhoraho cyangwa Bitrate ihoraho
  • Igenamiterere ryiza: 3: 1, 5: 1, 8: 1, 12: 1, Q0, Q1, Q3, Q5
  • Gukoresha neza: Gukora firime yabigize umwuga, Kamera ya Blackmagic

Imiterere ya dosiye y’amajwi

Imiterere yijwi

Imiterere y’amajwi ifunitse ikoresha algorithms zitandukanye kugirango ugabanye ingano ya dosiye mugihe ugumana ubuziranenge bwamajwi. Iyi format isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza imiziki, gutembera, hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye.

.MP3 Bisanzwe

MPEG-1 Audio Layeri III, imiterere yatakaje amajwi yatakaye yagenewe kugabanya ingano ya dosiye mugihe gikomeza amajwi meza. Byahindutse igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza umuziki no gucuranga.

  • Umushinga: Kwimura Itsinda ryinzobere mu mashusho
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / mpeg
  • Ibiciro bito: 8-320 kbps, VBR, CBR
  • Gukoresha neza: Gukwirakwiza umuziki, ibikoresho byoroshye, kumva muri rusange

.AAC Ibigezweho

Ijwi ryambere rya Audio Coding, imiterere yatakaje amajwi yatakaye yagenewe kuzasimbura MP3. Mubisanzwe igera kumajwi meza kuruta MP3 kurwego rumwe.

  • Umushinga: Kwimura Itsinda ryinzobere mu mashusho
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / aac
  • Ibiranga: Inkunga nyinshi, uburyo bwiza bwo kwikuramo
  • Gukoresha neza: Kwamamaza amajwi ya digitale, gutembera, ecosystem ya Apple

.OGG Fungura

Ogg Vorbis, imiterere yubusa kandi ifunguye-yerekana amajwi ya code hamwe nibikoresho. Itanga compression yijwi neza mugihe isigaye idafite patenti kandi ifunguye.

  • Umushinga: Fondasiyo ya Xiph
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / ogg
  • Kodegisi: Vorbis (isanzwe), Opus, FLAC
  • Gukoresha neza: Gufungura-isoko imishinga, gukina, amajwi y’urubuga

.WMA Microsoft

Windows Media Audio Audio, imiterere ya dosiye yamajwi ifunitse yakozwe na Microsoft. Iza muburyo butandukanye kubibazo bitandukanye byo gukoresha, harimo kwikuramo igihombo.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / x-ms-wma
  • Ibihinduka: WMA Igipimo, Pro, Igihombo, Ijwi
  • Gukoresha neza: Windows ecosystem, guhuza nibicuruzwa bya Microsoft

Imiterere Ijwi Ryatakaye

Imiterere y’amajwi yatakaye ikusanya amakuru y amajwi nta gutakaza ubuziranenge. Izi format ninziza kumajwi, kubika umuziki, no gutunganya amajwi yabigize umwuga.

.FLAC Gutakaza

Kode ya Audio Yubusa Yubusa, ifungura-isoko idafite igihombo cyerekana amajwi. Igabanya ingano ya dosiye 40-50% mugihe ikomeza ubwiza bwamajwi ugereranije nijwi ridacometse.

  • Umushinga: Fondasiyo ya Xiph
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / flac
  • Kwikuramo: Gutakaza, 30-50% ntoya kuruta WAV
  • Gukoresha neza: Kumva amajwi, kubika umuziki, amajwi meza

.ALAC Apple

Apple Codec Audio Codec, uburyo bwo guhagarika amajwi butagira igihombo bwakozwe na Apple. Itanga amajwi meza ya CD mugice cya kabiri cyumwanya wamajwi adafunze.

  • Umushinga: Apple Inc.
  • Ibirimwo: M4A
  • Kwikuramo: Gutakaza, bisa na FLAC
  • Gukoresha neza: Ibidukikije bya Apple, iTunes, ibikoresho bya iOS

.WAV Bidacometse

Waveform Audio File Format, imiterere isanzwe ya dosiye yamajwi yatunganijwe na Microsoft na IBM. Mubisanzwe birimo amajwi ya PCM adacecetse, bivamo ingano nini ya dosiye ariko ireme ryiza.

  • Umushinga: Microsoft na IBM
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / wav
  • Ingano: 10 MB kumunota (ubuziranenge bwa CD)
  • Gukoresha neza: Gufata amajwi, gukora, gukoresha umwuga

.AIFF Apple

Ihinduramiterere rya dosiye Ijwi, imiterere ya dosiye yamajwi idacometse yakozwe na Apple. Bisa na WAV, itanga ubuziranenge bwamajwi ariko hamwe nubunini bwa dosiye.

  • Umushinga: Apple Inc.
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / aiff
  • Ingano: Bisa na WAV (10 MB / umunota)
  • Gukoresha neza: Amajwi yumwuga mubidukikije bya Mac

Imiterere y’amajwi yabigize umwuga

Imiterere y’amajwi yabigize umwuga yagenewe gukora amajwi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gutunganya, no kubika. Izi format zitanga ubuziranenge buhebuje, infashanyo nyinshi, hamwe nibintu byihariye.

.DSD Amajwi

Direct Stream Digital, imiterere-y-amajwi ihanitse ikoreshwa kuri CD ya Super Audio (SACD). Ikoresha uburyo butandukanye kumajwi ya digitale kuruta PCM, ukoresheje igipimo cyinshi cyo gutoranya agaciro kamwe-biti.

  • Umushinga: Sony na Philips
  • Igipimo cy’icyitegererezo: 2.8224 MHz, 5.6448 MHz (DSD128)
  • Ubujyakuzimu bwa Bit: 1-bit (modulation density modulation)
  • Gukoresha neza: Amajwi yafashwe amajwi, kumenya neza SACD

.BWF Kwamamaza

Imiterere ya Wave Imiterere, kwagura imiterere ya WAV ikubiyemo metadata yinyongera yo gukoresha umwuga mugutangaza no gutunganya amajwi.

  • Umushinga: Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (EBU)
  • Bishingiye kuri: Imiterere ya WAV
  • Ibiranga: Igihe cyagenwe, ibisobanuro, amakuru yatangije
  • Gukoresha neza: Kwamamaza, gutunganya amajwi yabigize umwuga

.PCM Raw

Pulse Code Modulation, uburyo bwakoreshejwe mukugereranya imibare yerekana ibimenyetso byagereranijwe. Idosiye ya PCM ikubiyemo amakuru y amajwi adafite imitwe cyangwa metadata.

  • Ubwoko: Imiterere yamakuru y amajwi
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: amajwi / L16 (kuri 16-bit PCM)
  • Imipaka: Nta metadata, isaba urugero rwikigereranyo / bito byimbitse amakuru
  • Gukoresha neza: Ibikoresho byamajwi yabigize umwuga, porogaramu zihariye

Ububiko na Compression Imiterere

Imiterere rusange yububiko

Imiterere yububiko ihuza amadosiye menshi nububiko muri dosiye imwe ya kontineri, akenshi hamwe na compression kugirango igabanye ingano ya dosiye. Iyi format ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza dosiye, kubika no kubika.

.ZIP Isi yose

Imiterere yububiko bwa ZIP, uburyo bwo gushyigikirwa cyane hamwe nububiko. Irashobora kuba irimo amadosiye menshi nububiko hamwe na encryption idahwitse.

  • Umushinga: PKWARE, Inc.
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / zip
  • Ibiranga: Kurinda ijambo ryibanga, guhitamo gukomeye
  • Gukoresha neza: Ubusanzwe-intego yo kubika, guhuza imipaka

.RAR Umutungo

Imiterere yububiko bwa Roshal, imiterere yububiko bwihariye hamwe no kwikuramo gukomeye, kugarura amakosa, hamwe nubushobozi bwa dosiye. Mubisanzwe igera ku gipimo cyiza cyo kwikuramo kuruta ZIP.

  • Umushinga: Eugene Roshal
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.rar
  • Ibiranga: Igenzura rikomeye, inyandiko zo kugarura, ingano zingana
  • Gukoresha neza: Kwiyunvikana gukenewe cyane, ububiko bwibice byinshi

.7Z Yateye imbere

7-Imiterere ya Zip, ifungura-isoko yububiko bwububiko hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kwikuramo. Ifasha uburyo bwinshi bwo kwikuramo hamwe na AES-256 ikomeye.

  • Umushinga: Igor Pavlov
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / x-7z
  • Kwikuramo: LZMA, LZMA2, PPMd, BZip2
  • Gukoresha neza: Kwiyunvikana ntarengwa, ububiko bunini

.TAR Unix

Tape Archive format, yabanje kugenewe kubika kaseti. TAR ubwayo ntabwo itanga compression ariko ikunze guhuzwa nibikoresho byo guhunika nka gzip cyangwa bzip2.

  • Inkomoko: Sisitemu ya Unix / Linux
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / x-tar
  • Kwagura bisanzwe: .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz
  • Gukoresha neza: Sisitemu ya Unix / Linux, ikomeza uburenganzira bwa dosiye

Imiterere ya Disiki

Imiterere yishusho ya disiki ibika kopi yuzuye ya disiki cyangwa ibice bya disiki, harimo amakuru yose namakuru yimiterere. Iyi format ikoreshwa mugusubiramo, gukwirakwiza software, no kugarura sisitemu.

.ISO Bisanzwe

Imiterere ya ISO Ishusho, imiterere yishusho ya disiki ikubiyemo kopi yuzuye ya CD, DVD, cyangwa Blu-ray. ISO ishingiye kuri ISO 9660 ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya disiki ya optique.

  • Igipimo: ISO 9660
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / x-iso9660-ishusho
  • Ibiranga: Kwambukiranya urubuga, inkunga ya bootable boot
  • Gukoresha neza: Gukwirakwiza porogaramu, kwishyiriraho sisitemu y’imikorere

.DMG Apple

Imiterere ya Disiki, Imiterere ya disiki ya Apple yihariye ya macOS. Irashobora gushishoza, guhagarikwa, no gushyirwaho nka disiki igaragara kuri sisitemu ya macOS.

  • Umushinga: Apple Inc.
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / x-pome-disiki
  • Ibiranga: Gucomeka, kugenzura, kugenzura
  • Gukoresha neza: Ikwirakwizwa rya software kuri macOS, ibikubiyemo bya Mac

.VHD / .VHDX Microsoft

Imiterere ya Disiki ya Virtual, Imiterere ya disiki ya Microsoft ya Windows kuri Windows. Ikoreshwa na tekinoroji ya Microsoft ya Microsoft nka Hyper-V kandi irashobora kubika sisitemu yuzuye ikora.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / x-Ububiko-vhd
  • Ibiranga: Disiki idafite imbaraga, itandukanya disiki, ingano ihamye
  • Gukoresha neza: Windows igaragara, sisitemu yububiko

.IMG Rusange

Imiterere ya Disiki Ishusho, ijambo rusange kuri dosiye ya disiki mbisi. Idosiye ya IMG mubisanzwe ikubiyemo umurenge-umurenge wa kopi ya disiki cyangwa disiki.

  • Ubwoko: Ishusho rusange ya disiki
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / octet-Umugezi
  • Imiterere: Kopi yumurenge-ku-kopi
  • Gukoresha neza: Amashusho ya disiki ya disiki, ububiko bworoshye bwa disiki

Ububikoshingiro bwa dosiye

Imiterere ya Ububikoshingiro

Imiterere yububiko bwa desktop yagenewe kubika no gucunga amakuru yimiterere. Izi format zikoreshwa mubisanzwe bito n’ibiciriritse-byimishinga hamwe nimishinga yihariye.

.MDB Microsoft

Imiterere ya Microsoft Kubika Ububiko, imiterere ya dosiye kavukire ya Microsoft Kubika Ububiko mbere ya 2007. Nuburyo bwihariye kububiko bwa desktop.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / x-msaccess
  • Ingano ntarengwa: 2 GB
  • Gukoresha neza: Ububiko buto bwubucuruzi, porogaramu ya desktop

.ACCDB Microsoft

Imiterere ya Microsoft Data Data base yatangijwe muri Access 2007. Itanga umutekano unoze, ubwoko bwamakuru, nibiranga ugereranije nimiterere ya MDB ishaje.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / msaccess
  • Ingano ntarengwa: 2 GB
  • Gukoresha neza: Porogaramu Zigezweho, Ububiko buto

.SQLite Byashyizwemo

Imiterere ya SQLite yububiko, yonyine, idafite seriveri, moteri yububiko bwa zeru. Ububiko bwa SQLite bubitswe nka dosiye imwe ikubiyemo imibare yuzuye yububiko.

  • Umushinga: D. Richard Hipp
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / vnd.sqlite3
  • Ingano ntarengwa: 140 Igituntu (theoretical)
  • Gukoresha neza: Sisitemu yashyizwemo, porogaramu zigendanwa, ububiko bwaho

.FDB Firebird

Imiterere yububiko bwa Firebird, imiterere ya dosiye yububiko bwa SQL. Nububiko-bwuzuye bwububiko bushobora gukoreshwa kuri dosiye imwe kandi bugashyigikira ibintu byinshi bya SQL.

  • Umushinga: Umushinga wa Firebird
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / x-firebird
  • Ibiranga: Gucuruza, uburyo bwabitswe, imbarutso
  • Gukoresha neza: Porogaramu ntoya yubucuruzi

Seriveri Ububikoshingiro Idosiye

Idosiye yububiko bwa seriveri ikoreshwa na sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko bwimishinga kugirango ibike amakuru, indangagaciro, namakuru yimiterere. Izi format zagenewe abakoresha benshi kandi bakora cyane.

.MDF / .LDF SQL Seriveri

Microsoft SQL Seriveri Ububiko na dosiye. MDF ikubiyemo amakuru y’ibanze mugihe LDF ikubiyemo ibiti byo kugarura ububiko bwububiko.

  • Umushinga: Isosiyete ya Microsoft
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / octet-Umugezi
  • Ingano ntarengwa: 524.272 Igituntu (theoretical)
  • Gukoresha neza: Porogaramu yimishinga, ecosystem ya Microsoft

.DBF dBase

Ububikoshingiro bwa dosiye yububiko, yatangijwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amakuru ya base. Nubwo ari mukuru, iracyakoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye kandi ishyigikiwe nibikoresho byinshi byububiko.

  • Inkomoko: dBase (Ashton-Tate)
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / Dbase
  • Imipaka: Ingano ya 2GB, imirima 255 kuri buri nyandiko
  • Gukoresha neza: Porogaramu z’umurage, kubika amakuru yoroshye

.IBD MySQL

Idosiye yububiko bwa InnoDB, dosiye zo kubika zikoreshwa na moteri yo kubika InnoDB muri MySQL. Buri dosiye ya IBD ikubiyemo amakuru, indangagaciro, nandi makuru yimbonerahamwe ya MySQL.

  • Byakoreshejwe na: MySQL / MariaDB hamwe na moteri ya InnoDB
  • Ibiranga: Guhuza ACID, gufunga umurongo-urwego
  • Dosiye kuri: Imeza cyangwa ikibanza
  • Gukoresha neza: Urubuga rwa porogaramu, imishinga MySQL yoherejwe

Imiterere yo guhana amakuru

Imiterere yo guhanahana amakuru ikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru yubatswe hagati ya porogaramu zitandukanye. Izi miterere mubisanzwe zishingiye ku nyandiko kandi zisomwa n’abantu, bigatuma iba nziza yo kwishyira hamwe na APIs.

.CSV Isi yose

Imiterere ya Comma-Itandukanijwe Indangagaciro, imiterere yinyandiko yoroshye yo kwerekana amakuru yimbonerahamwe. Buri murongo ugereranya umurongo, kandi indangagaciro zitandukanijwe na koma cyangwa izindi zisobanura.

  • Ubwoko: Bishingiye ku nyandiko
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: inyandiko / csv
  • Imipaka: Nta bwoko bwamakuru, nta sano
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhana amakuru byoroshye, urupapuro rwinjira / rwohereza hanze

.XML Yubatswe

Imiterere yagutse y’ururimi, ururimi rwerekana ibimenyetso bisobanura amategeko agenga kodegisi mu buryo bwombi bushobora gusomwa n’abantu ndetse n’imashini ishobora gusomwa.

  • Igipimo: W3C XML
  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / xml
  • Ibiranga: Igishushanyo cyemewe, umwanya wizina, impinduka
  • Gukoresha neza: Guhana amakuru bigoye, dosiye iboneza

.JSON Ibigezweho

Imiterere ya JavaScript Imiterere, imiterere yoroheje yo guhanahana amakuru ashingiye kubintu bya JavaScript. Biroroshye kubantu gusoma no kwandika no kumashini gusesengura no kubyara.

  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: gusaba / json
  • Imiterere: Ibintu, imirongo, urufunguzo-agaciro byombi
  • Ibiranga: Ururimi rwigenga, rusobanuwe neza
  • Gukoresha neza: Urubuga APIs, iboneza, guhana amakuru

.YAML Abantu

YAML Ntabwo ari Markup Ururimi, urwego rwumuntu-rusanzwe rwamakuru. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumadosiye yimiterere no mubisabwa aho amakuru abikwa cyangwa yoherejwe.

  • Ubwoko bwa MIME: Porogaramu / yaml
  • Ibiranga: Ibitekerezo, ibyerekanwe, imiterere igoye
  • Icyerekezo: Birahambaye (ikoresha umwanya wimiterere)
  • Gukoresha neza: Idosiye y’iboneza, ikurikirana ryamakuru

Imfashanyigisho yo kugereranya

Kugereranya Inyandiko

Kugereranya ibintu byingenzi nubushobozi bwimiterere yinyandiko isanzwe kugirango igufashe guhitamo imiterere ikwiye kubyo ukeneye.

Ikiranga PDF DOCX ODT RTF HTML
Kubika Imiterere nyayo
Biroroshye Guhindura
Imiterere & Ibikoresho Bikorana
Imikono ya Digital
Kwambukiranya imipaka
Fungura bisanzwe
Kureba Urubuga

Kugereranya Imiterere

Kugereranya ibintu byingenzi nubushobozi bwimiterere yibishusho bisanzwe kugirango bigufashe guhitamo imiterere ikwiye kubibazo byawe byihariye.

Ikiranga JPEG PNG INGABIRE Urubuga SVG TIFF
Inkunga yo gukorera mu mucyo
Inkunga ya Animation
Gucika intege
Nibyiza kumafoto
Nibyiza kubishushanyo
Ingano ya dosiye nto
Inkunga y’urubuga
Igipimo nta gihombo

Kugereranya Imiterere ya Video

Kugereranya ibintu byingenzi nubushobozi bwimiterere ya videwo isanzwe kugirango igufashe guhitamo imiterere ikwiye yibiri muri videwo.

Ikiranga MP4 MKV AVI MOV Urubuga
Guhuza Urubuga
Inzira nyinshi zamajwi
Inkunga
Umutwe
Inkunga nini y’ibikoresho
Fungura imiterere
Inzira-Nshuti

Nigute Guhitamo Imiterere ya dosiye iboneye

Guhitamo imiterere ya dosiye ni ngombwa kugirango habeho guhuza, ubuziranenge, no gukora neza. Kurikiza iyi ntambwe ku ntambwe yo kuyobora kugirango uhitemo neza kubyo ukeneye byihariye.

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Menya Urubanza rwawe rwibanze

Tangira ugena intego nyamukuru ya dosiye yawe. Urimo gukora ibiri kurubuga, icapiro, gutunganya umwuga, kubika, cyangwa kugabana? Imikoreshereze itandukanye ifite imiterere itandukanye. Kubirimo kurubuga, shyira imbere imiterere hamwe nubufasha bwagutse bwa mushakisha hamwe nubunini bwa dosiye. Kubisohora, hitamo imiterere ibika imiterere ihanitse kandi ibara neza. Kugirango uhindure umwuga, hitamo imiterere ikomeza ubuziranenge kandi ushyigikire ibintu ukeneye.

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Reba Ibisabwa Byiza

Suzuma uburyo ubuziranenge ari ngombwa kubibazo byawe byo gukoresha. Niba ukeneye ubuziranenge ntarengwa nta gutakaza amakuru, hitamo imiterere itagira igihombo nka PNG kumashusho, FLAC kumajwi, cyangwa ProRes ya videwo. Niba ingano ya dosiye ari ngombwa kandi igihombo cyiza kiremewe, imiterere ikomatanyije nka JPEG, MP3, cyangwa MP4 irashobora kuba nziza. Wibuke ko ubuziranenge bukenewe butandukanye muburyo bwibirimo – amafoto yunguka muburyo butandukanye kuruta umurongo wumurongo cyangwa inyandiko.

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Suzuma ibyo ukeneye

Menya sisitemu, porogaramu, cyangwa ibikoresho bizakenera kugera kuri dosiye yawe. Niba ubwuzuzanye bwagutse ari ngombwa, hitamo imiterere rusange hamwe ninkunga yagutse kurubuga rwa porogaramu. Kubindi bikorwa byihariye byakazi, ushobora gukenera gukoresha inganda-nganda nubwo zaba zifite inkunga rusange. Buri gihe gerageza imiterere wahisemo kuri sisitemu yintego mbere yo kwiyemeza guhindura ibintu binini cyangwa guhinduka.

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Suzuma Ibiranga Ibisabwa

Menya ibintu byihariye ukeneye muburyo bwa dosiye. Ukeneye inkunga kubice, gukorera mu mucyo, cyangwa animasiyo? Ukeneye inzira nyinshi zamajwi cyangwa subtitles? Urashaka guhindura ibintu byoroshye cyangwa umutekano biranga ibanga cyangwa umukono wa digitale? Kora urutonde rwibintu-bigomba kuranga kugabanya imiterere yawe. Imiterere itandukanye murwego rumwe akenshi ishyigikira ibintu bitandukanye biranga.

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Reba Ingano ya File Inzitizi

Suzuma inzitizi zose ku bunini bwa dosiye kugirango ukoreshe ikibazo cyawe. Niba urimo gusangira dosiye kumurongo, kohereza kumurongo wihariye, cyangwa kubika amakuru menshi, ingano ya dosiye iba ikintu cyingenzi. Imiterere itandukanye itanga tekinike zitandukanye zo guhunika, kuva compression itagira igihombo ibika amakuru yose kugeza compression yatakaye igabanya ingano ya dosiye muguta amakuru amwe. Kubona uburinganire bukwiye hagati yubuziranenge nubunini akenshi ni urufunguzo rwo guhitamo imiterere myiza.

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Tekereza kubyo ukeneye ejo hazaza

Reba niba amahitamo yawe akeneye kugirango ahuze ejo hazaza, guhindura, cyangwa kubika. Kubisobanuro byamadosiye azakomeza gukosorwa, hitamo imiterere ibungabunga ubuziranenge kandi bworoshye. Kubigenewe ububiko, hitamo format hamwe no kuramba hamwe ninkunga yagutse. Rimwe na rimwe, kubungabunga verisiyo nyinshi-dosiye nkuru muburyo bwiza-bwiza hamwe nibikomoka muburyo bworoshye – nuburyo bwiza bwo kuringaniza ibikenewe hamwe nigihe kizaza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kubyerekeye imiterere ya dosiye

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo guhomba no gutakaza?

Gutakaza igihombo bigabanya ingano ya dosiye mugihe ubitse amakuru yumwimerere. Iyo yangiritse, dosiye irasa numwimerere mbere yo kwikuramo. Ingero zirimo PNG kumashusho, FLAC kumajwi, na ZIP kumadosiye rusange. Gutakaza igihombo bikuraho burundu amakuru kugirango ugere kuri dosiye ntoya. Urwego rwo gutakaza ubuziranenge rushingiye kurwego rwo kwikuramo. Ingero zirimo JPEG kumashusho, MP3 kumajwi, na MP4 hamwe na H.264 kumashusho. Imiterere yatakaye mubisanzwe ni nto cyane ariko itanga ubuziranenge, mugihe imiterere itagira igihombo ibika ubuziranenge ariko bikavamo dosiye nini.

Kuki dosiye yanjye idafungura mubisabwa runaka?

Amadosiye ntashobora gufungura mubisabwa bimwe kubwimpamvu nyinshi: porogaramu ntishobora gushyigikira imiterere ya dosiye; dosiye irashobora kwangirika cyangwa kutuzuye; dosiye irashobora kuba ikoresha verisiyo nshya yimiterere kuruta porogaramu ishigikira; cyangwa kwagura dosiye ntishobora guhura nimiterere nyayo ya dosiye. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, gerageza ukoreshe igikoresho cyo guhindura dosiye kugirango uhindure imiterere ihuje, kuvugurura porogaramu yawe kuri verisiyo iheruka, cyangwa ukoreshe ubundi buryo bushyigikira imiterere. Kumiterere yihariye, urashobora gukenera software yihariye uhereye kubateza imbere imiterere.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa dosiye nkwiye gukoresha mububiko bwigihe kirekire?

Kububiko bwigihe kirekire, hitamo format zishyigikiwe cyane, zisanzwe, kandi bidashoboka ko zishaje. Kubyangombwa, suzuma PDF / A, verisiyo yihariye ya PDF yagenewe ububiko bwihariye. Ku mashusho, TIFF cyangwa DNG (kubintu bibi) ni amahitamo meza. Kubijyanye n’amajwi, bidahwitse WAV cyangwa FLAC bitanga ubuziranenge butagira igihombo. Kuri videwo, tekereza kubintu bya MKV bifite codecs zishyigikiwe cyane cyangwa imiterere yihariye yububiko nka FFV1. Buri gihe shyira imbere imiterere ifunguye, yanditse hejuru ya nyirayo, kandi utekereze gukora kopi nyinshi muburyo butandukanye bwamakuru akomeye. Buri gihe wimure ububiko bwawe muburyo bushya uko ibipimo bigenda bihinduka.

Nigute nahindura hagati yimiterere ya dosiye zitandukanye?

Urashobora guhindura imiterere ya dosiye ukoresheje porogaramu yihariye yo guhindura, serivisi zo guhindura kumurongo, cyangwa ibintu byubatswe mubikorwa bitandukanye. Kuburyo bw’inyandiko, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, na Google Docs byose bitanga uburyo bwo kohereza hanze muburyo butandukanye. Kumashusho, ibikoresho nka Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, na IrfanView bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura. Ku majwi na videwo, porogaramu nka HandBrake, FFmpeg, na Audacity ni amahitamo akomeye. Serivisi nyinshi kumurongo kubuntu nazo zirahari kubihindura byoroshye, nubwo witonda mugushiraho amakuru yihariye. Mugihe uhinduye, menya ko guhindura bimwe bishobora kuvamo gutakaza ubuziranenge cyangwa gutakaza ibiranga, cyane cyane iyo uhinduye muburyo bushoboka ukajya muburyo bworoshye.

Niki gitera ruswa kandi nshobora kuyikumira nte?

Ruswa ya dosiye irashobora kubaho kubwimpamvu zitandukanye zirimo guhagarika bidakwiye, kunanirwa ibyuma, amakosa ya software, kwandura virusi, kwimurwa kwahagaritswe, cyangwa gutesha agaciro ibitangazamakuru. Kugira ngo wirinde ruswa ya dosiye, fata ibi bikorwa: burigihe ukoreshe “gukuramo neza” amahitamo ya drives yo hanze; komeza sisitemu y’imikorere na porogaramu bigezweho; koresha porogaramu ya antivirus; irinde guhagarika ibikorwa bya dosiye nko kubika cyangwa gukopera; gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zisanzwe zo gusubira inyuma hamwe na kopi nyinshi; koresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura dosiye igenzura ubuziranenge bwamakuru; hanyuma utekereze gukoresha sisitemu ya dosiye hamwe no gukosora amakosa. Niba ufite amadosiye yingenzi, buri gihe ugenzure ubunyangamugayo bwabo kandi ubimure mubitangazamakuru bishya bibikwa buri myaka mike.

Imiterere ya kontineri niyihe kandi itandukaniye he na codecs?

Imiterere ya kontineri (nka MP4, MKV, AVI) ni impapuro zifata amakuru menshi nka videwo, amajwi, subtitles, na metadata muri dosiye imwe. Basobanura uburyo ibyo bintu bitunganijwe ariko ntabwo ari uburyo ibirimo bifatika. Codecs (nka H.264, VP9, ​​AAC, MP3) nubuhanga bukoresha kandi bugasiba amakuru yerekana amajwi cyangwa amashusho nyayo, bigena uburyo bwo guhonyora hamwe nubuziranenge. Imiterere imwe ya kontineri irashobora gushyigikira codec nyinshi zitandukanye, kandi codec imwe irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro bifasha mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo byubwuzuzanye, nkuko kontineri na codec bigomba gushyigikirwa nigikoresho cyawe cyo gukina cyangwa software.

Shakisha andi miterere ya dosiye

Komeza gusobanukirwa imiterere ya dosiye hamwe nubuyobozi bwuzuye, ibikoresho byo guhindura, hamwe nubushishozi bwinzobere. Waba uri umunyamwuga, umunyeshuri, cyangwa ibyo ukunda, guhitamo imiterere ya dosiye ni ngombwa kubintu byawe bya digitale.

Kurikirana Ibyiciro Byose Igitabo cyo Guhitamo
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