Ultimate Guide to Video Codecs
Kalozera wathunthu wokuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse kalozera womaliza wamakanema ma codec.
Kodi Ma Video Codecs Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Ali Ofunika?
Kanema codec (codec-decoder) ndi mapulogalamu kapena hardware chida kuti compresses ndi decompresses digito kanema deta. Mukajambulitsa kanema pafoni kapena kamera yanu, zojambulazo zimatha kupanga mafayilo akulu kwambiri – nthawi zambiri magigabytes mazana pamphindi zochepa chabe. Ma codecs amathetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zochepetsera kukula kwa mafayilo ndikusunga milingo yovomerezeka. Mawu oti ‘codec’ aphatikiza zonse zosindikiza (zomwe zimakakamira kanema panthawi yojambula kapena kutembenuka) ndi decoder (yomwe imatsitsa kanema kuti aseweredwe). Ma codec amakono amagwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta zamasamu monga kubweza mayendedwe, kuponderezana kwa malo, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwamalingaliro kuti akwaniritse kupsinjika kwa 100: 1 kapena kupitilira apo popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kowonekera. Kumvetsetsa ma codec ndikofunikira kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito ndi makanema, kaya ndinu wopanga zinthu, wopanga masamba, kapena munthu amene akufuna kukulitsa malo osungira. Kusankhidwa kwa codec kumakhudza kukula kwa fayilo, mtundu, kaphatikizidwe pazida zonse, komanso moyo wa batri mukamasewera. Ma codec osiyanasiyana amapambana pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana – ena amaika patsogolo kuponderezedwa kwakukulu, ena amangoyang’ana kwambiri kusunga bwino, ndipo ena amakometsedwa pazochitika zinazake zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutulutsa pompopompo kapena kusintha mwaukadaulo.
Ma Codecs Odziwika Kwambiri: H.264, H.265, VP9, ​​ndi AV1
H.264 (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti AVC kapena MPEG-4 Part 10) imakhalabe codec yothandizidwa kwambiri masiku ano, yomwe imapezeka mu chirichonse kuchokera ku mafoni a m’manja kupita ku nsanja. Yotulutsidwa mu 2003, H.264 imachita bwino kwambiri pakati pa kukanikiza bwino ndi kuyanjana. Imathandizidwa ndi pafupifupi chipangizo chilichonse ndi nsanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chotetezeka kuti chigawidwe. Komabe, mphamvu yake yopondereza ikupitidwa ndi matekinoloje atsopano. H.265 (HEVC – High Efficiency Video Coding) imapereka pafupifupi 50% kuponderezedwa kwabwinoko kuposa H.264 ndikusunga milingo yofananira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino pazokhutira za 4K komanso zochitika zochepa za bandwidth. Komabe, kutengera kwa H.265 kwachedwerapo chifukwa cha zovuta zamalayisensi komanso zofunikira zapakompyuta pakusindikiza ndi kusindikiza. Mafoni am’manja ambiri atsopano ndi ma TV anzeru amathandizira H.265, koma kuyanjana sikuchitika konsekonse. VP9, yopangidwa ndi Google, ndi njira yopanda malipiro yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa YouTube ndi ntchito zina za Google. Amapereka mphamvu yopondereza yofanana ndi H.265 popanda chindapusa cha chilolezo, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yokopa pamapulogalamu apaintaneti. AV1, wosewera waposachedwa kwambiri, amalonjeza kuponderezedwa kwabwinoko kuposa H.265 ndi VP9 pomwe ikukhalabe wopanda chuma. Netflix, YouTube, ndi nsanja zina zazikulu zikuyamba kutengera AV1 popereka zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Mawonekedwe a Chidebe motsutsana ndi ma Codecs: Kumvetsetsa Kusiyanako
Mmodzi wa ambiri magwero chisokonezo mu digito kanema ndi kusiyana chidebe akamagwiritsa ndi codecs. Mawonekedwe a chidebe (monga MP4, AVI, kapena MKV) kwenikweni ndi chopukutira chomwe chimasunga makanema amakanema, ma audio, ma subtitles, ndi metadata palimodzi mufayilo imodzi. Ganizirani ngati bokosi lomwe lingakhale ndi zinthu zingapo – codec imatsimikizira momwe zinthuzo zimapanikizidwa ndikusungidwa. Mwachitsanzo, fayilo ya MP4 ikhoza kukhala ndi kanema wa H.264, mawu a AAC, ndi mawu ang’onoang’ono a SRT, koma ikhoza kukhala ndi kanema wa H.265 wokhala ndi ma MP3. Mawonekedwe a chidebe amatanthawuza mawonekedwe a fayilo ndi mtundu wanji wazinthu zomwe zingaphatikizidwe, pomwe ma codec amawongolera kupsinjika kwenikweni ndi kutsitsa kwamavidiyo ndi makanema mkati mwa chidebecho. Kusiyanitsa uku ndikofunikira mukathetsa zovuta zosewerera. Chipangizo chikhoza kuthandizira chidebe cha MP4 koma osati codec yeniyeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsera kanema mkati mwa chidebecho. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mutha kukumana ndi mafayilo omwe amasewera pang’ono (mawu omvera koma opanda kanema) kapena osasewera konse ngakhale ali ndi fayilo “yolondola”. Kumvetsetsa ubalewu kumakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zanzeru zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu komanso zosowa zosintha.
Kusankhidwa kwa Codec Pamilandu Yosiyanasiyana Yogwiritsa Ntchito
Kusankha codec yoyenera kumadalira kwambiri zomwe mukufuna komanso zopinga zanu. Pakusaka pa intaneti komanso pazama media, H.264 ikadali muyezo wagolide chifukwa chogwirizana ndi chilengedwe chonse komanso mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa. Mapulatifomu monga Facebook, Instagram, ndi machitidwe ambiri oyendetsera zinthu amayembekezera zinthu za H.264, ndipo owonerera amatha kusewera pazida zilizonse popanda mapulogalamu owonjezera. Zolinga zosungira zakale kapena kugawa kwapamwamba kwambiri, H.265 kapena mawonekedwe osakanizidwa angakhale oyenera kwambiri. Akatswiri okonza makanema nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi ma codec apakatikati monga ProRes kapena DNxHD omwe amayika patsogolo kusinthasintha kwa fayilo. Ma codec awa amakhalabe apamwamba kwambiri kudzera mukusintha kangapo koma amapanga mafayilo akulu kwambiri kuposa ma codec omwe amagawika kwambiri. Malo omwe ali ndi mafoni ndi bandwidth amapindula ndi makonda amakanidwe mwaukali kapena ma codec atsopano ngati AV1. Ngati mukupanga zomwe zili pamapulatifomu ena, fufuzani zomwe amalimbikitsa – YouTube imathandizira VP9 ndi AV1 pamtundu wa premium, pomwe kanema wawayilesi ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pazambiri zama codec ndi zoikamo. Chofunikira ndikulinganiza mtundu, kukula kwa fayilo, kuyanjana, ndi zofunikira pakukonza kutengera omvera anu ndi njira yogawa.
Zokonda za Codec ndi Kukhathamiritsa Kwabwino
Kupatula kusankha codec yoyenera, kasinthidwe koyenera ka ma encoding kumakhudza kwambiri mtundu ndi kukula kwa fayilo. Bitrate ndiye makonda ovuta kwambiri – amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yaperekedwa pa sekondi imodzi ya kanema. Kabisidwe ka Variable bitrate (VBR) imasintha magawidwe a data kutengera zovuta za zochitika, zomwe zimapatsa mtundu wabwinoko kuposa nthawi zonse bitrate (CBR) pamapulogalamu ambiri. Kabisidwe ka ma pass awiri amasanthula kanema yonse isanayike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawa koyenera koma kumafuna nthawi yayitali yokonza. Chigamulo ndi mtengo wa chimango zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi kusankha kwa codec kuti zitsimikizire mtundu womaliza ndi kugwirizana. Ngakhale kusamvana kwa 4K kumapereka mwatsatanetsatane modabwitsa, kumafunikira bandwidth yochulukirapo komanso mphamvu yosinthira. Pazinthu zapaintaneti, 1080p pa 30fps nthawi zambiri imapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri komanso wopezeka. Ganizirani zida zomwe omvera anu amawonera komanso kuthamanga kwa intaneti popanga zisankhozi. Zokonda zapamwamba monga ma keyframe intervals, kagwiridwe ka B-frame, ndi njira zowongolera mitengo zimatha kuwongolera bwino pakati pa mtundu ndi kukula kwa fayilo. Mafelemu ofunikira amayenera kuchitika masekondi 2-3 aliwonse kuti azitha kutsitsa kuti muzitha kufufuza momasuka komanso kusintha kusintha kwa bitrate. Kumvetsetsa magawowa kumakupatsani mwayi woti muwongolere zomwe muli nazo pazochitika zinazake zoperekera ndikusunga zowonera bwino kwambiri.
Zofunika Kwambiri
Sankhani ma Codecs Kutengera Omvera Anu
Codec yabwino kwambiri si nthawi zonse yatsopano kapena yapamwamba kwambiri – ndi yomwe imagwira ntchito modalirika kwa omvera anu komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
- H.264 kuti igwirizane kwambiri pazida zonse
- H.265 yazinthu za 4K komanso kusungitsa bandiwifi
- Ganizirani kukhathamiritsa kwapapulatifomu monga VP9 ya YouTube
Zokonda Zapamwamba Ndi Zofunika Kwambiri Kuposa Kusankha Kwa Codec
Zokonda zokhotakhota zitha kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu pamtundu womaliza kuposa kusankha kodeki kokha.
- Gwiritsani ntchito variable bitrate (VBR) kuti mugawane bwino
- Gwiritsani ntchito kabisidwe ka ziphaso ziwiri pazofunikira kwambiri
- Fananizani magawo a keyframe ndi zomwe mukufuna papulatifomu yanu yogawa
Kusanja Kukula Kwa Fayilo, Ubwino, ndi Kugwirizana
Chisankho chilichonse cha codec chimakhudza kusinthanitsa pakati pa zinthu zitatuzi kutengera zosowa zanu ndi zopinga zanu.
- Yang’anani kuyanjana kwa kugawa kwakukulu
- Sankhani ma codec atsopano a zochitika zochepa za bandwidth
- Yesani kusewera pazida zomwe omvera anu ali nazo musanamalize kusankha ma codec
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa H.264 ndi H.265?
H.265 (HEVC) imapereka pafupifupi 50% kuponderezedwa bwino kuposa H.264 pamene ikusunga khalidwe lofanana, kuti likhale loyenera kwa 4K zokhutira ndi zochitika zochepa za bandwidth. Komabe, H.264 ili ndi kulumikizana kokulirapo kwa chipangizocho komanso zofunikira zochepa pakukonza.
Chifukwa chiyani wanga MP4 wapamwamba kusewera ena zipangizo?
MP4 ndi mtundu wa chidebe womwe ungathe kusunga ma codec osiyanasiyana. Pomwe chipangizochi chimathandizira zotengera za MP4, sizingagwirizane ndi codec yeniyeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe apakanema mkati. Onani ngati kanema wanu akugwiritsa ntchito H.265, VP9, ​​kapena ma codec ena omwe amafunikira hardware kapena mapulogalamu atsopano.
Ndi codec iti yomwe ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pokweza pa YouTube?
H.264 ndiyomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwirizane kwambiri, koma YouTube imathandiziranso VP9 ndi AV1 pamtundu wapamwamba. YouTube idzakutumiziraninso zomwe mwakweza, choncho yang’anani kwambiri kukweza mafayilo apamwamba kwambiri m’malo momangika kwambiri.
Kodi AV1 ndiyokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito wamba?
AV1 ikuyamba kukhazikitsidwa pamapulatifomu akuluakulu monga Netflix ndi YouTube, ndipo zida zatsopano zimathandizira kumasulira kwa hardware. Komabe, nthawi zolembera zikadali zazitali ndipo zida zakale sizingathandizire kusewera. Ndikwabwino pazogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji m’malo mogawa wamba.
Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji zomwe fayilo ya kanema imagwiritsa ntchito?
Mutha kuyang’ana zambiri za codec pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira ngati MediaInfo, VLC’s codec information panel, kapena mafayilo omangidwira mumakina ena opangira. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pakuthana ndi zovuta zosewerera.
Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito hardware kapena encoding software?
Kusindikiza kwa Hardware ndikothamanga kwambiri ndipo kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa za CPU, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kutsatsira pompopompo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni. Kusindikiza kwa mapulogalamu nthawi zambiri kumapereka mtundu wabwinoko pa bitrate yomweyo koma kumatenga nthawi yayitali ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zamakina.
Kodi makonda abwino kwambiri a bitrate pavidiyo yapaintaneti ndi ati?
Zimatengera kusamvana ndi mtundu wazinthu. Pa kanema wapaintaneti wa 1080p, 5-8 Mbps imagwira ntchito bwino pazinthu zambiri. Zochita zolemetsa zimafunikira ma bitrate okwera, pomwe makanema olankhula amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yotsika. Yesani nthawi zonse ndi zomwe mumakonda komanso momwe mumawonera.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Chidziwitso Chanu
Tsopano popeza mwamvetsetsa mfundozi, yesani Convertify kuti mugwiritse ntchito zomwe mwaphunzira. Matembenuzidwe aulere, opanda malire osafunikira akaunti.