Complete File Format Encyclopedia

Chiwongolero chokwanira chamitundu yonse yamafayilo m’magulu osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zikalata, zithunzi, zomvera, makanema, ndi zina zambiri. Kumvetsetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe enieni kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.

450+ Mawonekedwe Afayilo
15+ Magawo
Kufananiza kwa Format
Malangizo a Katswiri
Sakatulani Mawonekedwe Afayilo Chitsogozo Chosankha Format

Magawo Akuluakulu Amtundu Wafayilo

Zolemba Zolemba

Mafayilo opangira zolemba, masipuredishiti, mafotokozedwe, ndi mafayilo ena okhudzana ndi ofesi omwe amasunga zolemba ndi data.

  • Mitundu yosinthira mawu (DOCX, DOC, ODT, RTF)
  • Mawonekedwe a spreadsheet (XLSX, XLS, ODS, CSV)
  • Mawonekedwe owonetsera (PPTX, PPT, ODP)
  • Mawonekedwe onyamula (PDF, XPS, EPUB)

Mawonekedwe a Zithunzi

Mafayilo omwe amasunga zithunzi za digito, kuphatikiza zithunzi za raster (pixel-based) ndi vector (panjira) pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

  • Mawonekedwe a Raster (JPEG, PNG, GIF, WebP, TIFF)
  • Mawonekedwe a Vector (SVG, AI, EPS, CDR)
  • Makamera aiwisi (CR2, NEF, ARW, DNG)
  • Mawonekedwe a Layered (PSD, XCF, PSB)

Makanema akanema

Mafayilo opangidwa kuti azisunga zithunzi zosuntha, zomvera, ndi metadata yofananira kuti museweredwe pazida ndi nsanja zosiyanasiyana.

  • Mawonekedwe a Container (MP4, MKV, AVI, WebM)
  • Makanema apa intaneti (MP4, WebM, OGV)
  • Mitundu yaukadaulo (ProRes, DNxHD, MXF)
  • Mitundu ya cholowa (WMV, FLV, 3GP)

Mawonekedwe Omvera

Mafayilo omwe amasunga zomvera za digito, zomwe zimathandizira magawo osiyanasiyana amtundu, kuponderezana, ndi metadata pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.

  • Mawonekedwe oponderezedwa (MP3, AAC, OGG, WMA)
  • Mawonekedwe Osatayika (FLAC, ALAC, WAV, AIFF)
  • Mawonekedwe akatswiri (PCM, DSD, MQA)
  • Mitundu ya playlist (M3U, PLS, WPL)

Mafomu a Archive

Mafayilo omwe amaphatikiza mafayilo angapo ndi zikwatu mu chidebe chimodzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuponderezedwa kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mafayilo ndi zosankha zachinsinsi.

  • Zosungidwa wamba (ZIP, RAR, 7Z, TAR)
  • Zosungirako zapapulatifomu (CAB, DMG, PKG)
  • Zithunzi za Disk (ISO, IMG, BIN)
  • Zosungirako zapadera (PAR, SFX, UUE)

Mawonekedwe a Database

Mafayilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungitsa deta yosanjidwa m’malo osungira, kuchokera pamasamba osavuta apakompyuta kupita kumayendedwe amabizinesi.

  • Zosungira pakompyuta (MDB, ACCDB, SQLite)
  • Mafayilo a database ya seva (MDF, NDF, DBF)
  • Zosunga zobwezeretsera (BAK, DMP, SQL)
  • Mawonekedwe osinthira deta (XML, JSON, CSV)

Mafomu a Fayilo ya Document

Mawonekedwe Okonza Mawu

Mawonekedwe okonza mawu amapangidwa kuti azisunga zolemba zolembedwa ndi masanjidwe, zithunzi, matebulo, ndi zinthu zina. Mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zilembo, malipoti, zolemba, mabuku, ndi zolemba zina.

.DOCX Microsoft

Mawonekedwe a Microsoft Word Open XML Document, omwe adayambitsidwa mu Word 2007. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kwa ZIP ndi XML kusunga zomwe zili muzolemba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafayilo ang’onoang’ono apangidwe poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe akale a DOC.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
  • Kuponderezana: ZIP
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kupanga zikalata zokhazikika, zolemba zamabizinesi, kuyanjana ndi Microsoft Office

.DOC Cholowa

Mtundu wa cholowa cha Microsoft Word Document womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaso pa Office 2007. Ndi mtundu wa binary womwe umasunga zolemba, zithunzi, ndi zolemba zina.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/msword
  • Kuponderezana: Binary yaumwini
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugwirizana kumbuyo ndi mitundu yakale ya Mawu ndi ma processor ena a mawu

.ODT Open Standard

Mawonekedwe a OpenDocument Text Document, mulingo wotseguka wa zolemba zamawu. Ndilo mtundu wokhazikika wa LibreOffice Writer ndi maofesi ena otseguka.

  • Wopanga: OASIS Open Document Format for Office Application
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
  • Kuponderezana: ZIP
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugawana zolemba pamapulatifomu, kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, malo otseguka

.RTF Zachilengedwe

Rich Text Format, mawonekedwe a fayilo yamtundu womwe amasunga zolemba. Imathandizidwa ndi pafupifupi ma processor a mawu onse ndipo imasunga zinthu zofunika kwambiri zosinthira.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/rtf
  • Kuponderezana: Palibe (mawu osavuta okhala ndi ma code owongolera)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zolemba zoyambira zokhazikika zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri pamapulatifomu

Mawonekedwe a Spreadsheet

Mawonekedwe a spreadsheet amasunga deta ya tabular yosanjidwa m’mizere ndi mizati, pamodzi ndi mafomu, ntchito, ndi ma chart. Mafomuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula ndalama, kulinganiza deta, kuwerengera, ndi zowonera.

.XLSX Microsoft

Microsoft Excel Open XML Spreadsheet format, yomwe inayambika mu Excel 2007. Imagwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kwa ZIP ndi XML, kulola mapepala akuluakulu okhala ndi mizere ndi mizere yambiri kuposa mawonekedwe akale a XLS.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
  • Mizere Yambiri: 1,048,576
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusanthula zachuma, kasamalidwe ka deta, kuwerengera zovuta

.XLS Cholowa

Cholowa cha Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet mtundu womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito isanafike Excel 2007. Ndi mtundu wa binary wokhala ndi malire pa kukula kwa spreadsheet ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe atsopano.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.ms-excel
  • Mizere Yambiri: 65,536
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugwirizana ndi mitundu yakale ya Excel ndi machitidwe

.ODS Open Standard

Mawonekedwe a OpenDocument Spreadsheet, muyezo wotseguka wa zolemba zamasamba. Ndilo mtundu wokhazikika wa LibreOffice Calc ndi mapulogalamu ena amasamba otseguka.

  • Wopanga: OASIS OpenDocument Format
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
  • Kapangidwe: Zip archive yokhala ndi mafayilo a XML
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Cross-platform spreadsheets, malo otseguka

.CSV Zachilengedwe

Maonekedwe Osiyanitsidwa ndi Koma, mawonekedwe osavuta omwe amasunga data ya tabular. Mzere uliwonse umayimira mzere, ndipo makonda amasiyanitsidwa ndi koma kapena zoletsa zina.

  • Mtundu: Mawu Osavuta
  • Mtundu wa MIME: mawu/csv
  • Zolepheretsa: Palibe masanjidwe, mafomula, kapena mapepala angapo
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusinthana kwa data pakati pa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kusungidwa kosavuta kwa data

Mawonekedwe Owonetsera

Mawonekedwe owonetsera amasunga ma slideshows okhala ndi mawu, zithunzi, makanema ojambula pamanja, ndi zinthu zamitundumitundu. Mafomuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowonetsera pamisonkhano yamabizinesi, misonkhano, maphunziro, ndi zina.

.PPTX Microsoft

Microsoft PowerPoint Open XML Presentation format, yomwe inayambitsidwa mu PowerPoint 2007. Imagwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kwa ZIP ndi XML kusunga zithunzi, masanjidwe, makanema ojambula, ndi zinthu zina zowonetsera.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
  • Mawonekedwe: Makanema, kusintha, multimedia
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zowonetsa zamabizinesi, zomwe zili mumaphunziro, ma slideshows olemera a multimedia

.PPT Cholowa

Cholowa cha Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito PowerPoint 2007 isanakwane. Ndi mtundu wa binary womwe umasunga masilaidi, zithunzi, ndi makanema ojambula pazithunzi.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
  • Zolepheretsa: Kukula kwa fayilo, zinthu zochepa kuposa PPTX
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugwirizana ndi mitundu yakale ya PowerPoint

.ODP Open Standard

Mawonekedwe a OpenDocument Presentation, muyezo wotseguka wa zolemba zowonetsera. Ndilo mtundu wokhazikika wa LibreOffice Impress ndi mapulogalamu ena otsegulira magwero.

  • Wopanga: OASIS OpenDocument Format
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
  • Kapangidwe: Zip archive yokhala ndi mafayilo a XML
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zowonetsera papulatifomu, malo otseguka

.KEY Apple

Mtundu wa Apple Keynote Presentation, mawonekedwe amtundu wa Apple Keynote application. Imakhala ndi makanema ojambula apamwamba komanso kuphatikiza kolimba ndi zinthu zina za Apple.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Apple Inc.
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/vnd.apple.keynote
  • nsanja: MacOS, iOS, iCloud
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zowonetsera zokhazikika pamapangidwe, ogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe za Apple

Zonyamula Zolemba Formats

Mawonekedwe am’manja amapangidwa kuti aziwoneka bwino pamapulatifomu ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwewa amasunga masanjidwe, mafonti, zithunzi, ndi zinthu zina ndendende momwe wopanga adafunira.

.PDF Standard

Portable Document Format, yopangidwa kuti iwonetse zikalata mosasinthasintha pamapulatifomu onse. PDF imasunga mawonekedwe a zikalata, zithunzi, ndi masanjidwe mosasamala kanthu za ntchito kapena makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziwona.

  • Wopanga: Adobe Systems (tsopano ISO standard)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/pdf
  • Mawonekedwe: Mafomu, ma signature a digito, kubisa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugawa zikalata, kusungitsa, mafomu, zikalata zamalamulo

.XPS Microsoft

XML Paper Specification, Microsoft’s alternative to PDF. Ndilo lotseguka la chilankhulo chofotokozera tsamba ndi mtundu wa zolemba zokhazikika, kutengera XML.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/oxps, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument
  • Kapangidwe: Zip archive yokhala ndi XML, zothandizira
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugawana zolemba za Windows, makina osindikizira

.EPUB eBook

Electronic Publication format, mulingo wotseguka wama e-mabuku opangidwa ndi International Digital Publishing Forum. Imalola kuti zinthu zomwe zitha kubwezeredwa kuti zigwirizane ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana azithunzi.

  • Wopanga: International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/epub+zip
  • Mawonekedwe: Zolemba zobwezeredwa, mafonti ophatikizidwa, zithunzi
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: E-mabuku, zofalitsa za digito, zopezekanso

.MOBI eBook

MobiPocket eBook format, yopangidwira MobiPocket Reader ndipo pambuyo pake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Amazon Kindle e-readers. Imathandizira ma bookmark, zolemba, ndi kukonza.

  • Wopanga: MobiPocket (Amazon)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-mobipocket-ebook
  • Zolepheretsa: Zosasintha zocheperako kuposa EPUB
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Amazon Kindle ecosystem, owerenga akale a e-e

Mafayilo a Zithunzi

Ma Raster Image Formats

Mawonekedwe a zithunzi za raster amasunga zithunzi ngati gulu la mapixels amodzi. Pixel iliyonse imakhala ndi chidziwitso chamtundu, ndipo mtundu wa zithunzi za raster zimatengera kusinthika kwawo komanso kuya kwake.

.JPEG / .JPG Wopanikizidwa

Joint Photographic Experts Group format, mtundu wotayika woponderezedwa wa zithunzi za digito. JPEG imakanikiza deta yazithunzi potaya zambiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa zithunzi ndi zithunzi zovuta.

  • Wopanga: Gulu Lophatikizana Lojambula Zithunzi
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/jpeg
  • Kuponderezana: Zotayika (zosinthika)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zithunzi, zithunzi zapaintaneti, ma gradients amitundu ovuta

.PNG Zosataya

Mtundu wa Portable Network Graphics, mawonekedwe osatayika omwe amathandizira kuwonekera. PNG idapangidwa ngati chosinthira, chosavomerezeka cha GIF.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani PNG Development Group
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/png
  • Mawonekedwe: Kuwonekera kwa alpha, kuponderezana kosataya
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zithunzi zapaintaneti, ma logo, zithunzi zowonekera

.GIF Makanema

Graphics Interchange Format, mtundu wazithunzi wa bitmap womwe umathandizira makanema ojambula ndikugwiritsa ntchito phale lamitundu 256. GIF imagwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kosataya ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazithunzi zosavuta.

  • Wopanga: CompuServe
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/gif
  • Zolepheretsa: 256 mitundu pazipita chimango
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Makanema osavuta, zithunzi, zithunzi zamitundu yochepa

.WebP Zamakono

Chithunzi cha Webusaiti, chopangidwa ndi Google m’malo mwa JPEG, PNG, ndi GIF. Imapereka kuponderezedwa kopanda kutaya komanso kotayika kwa zithunzi zapaintaneti ndipo imathandizira makanema ojambula ndi kuwonekera.

  • Wopanga: Google
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/webp
  • Kuponderezana: Zosankha zonse zotayika komanso zosatayika
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zithunzi zapaintaneti, makulidwe ang’onoang’ono a fayilo ndikusunga zabwino

.TIFF / .TIF Katswiri

Tagged Image File Format, mawonekedwe osinthika a raster omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza, kujambula, ndi kusindikiza mwaukadaulo. Imathandizira malo angapo amitundu ndi njira zopondereza.

  • Wopanga: Aldus Corporation (tsopano Adobe)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/tiff
  • Mawonekedwe: Zigawo, masamba angapo, njira zosiyanasiyana zopondereza
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kujambula kwaukadaulo, kusindikiza kusindikiza, kusungitsa zakale

.BMP Basic

Mtundu wa Fayilo ya Bitmap, mawonekedwe osavuta a raster omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Windows opaleshoni. Imasunga pixel ya data ndi pixel popanda kupsinjika nthawi zambiri.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/bmp
  • Kuponderezana: Palibe kapena RLE (yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zojambula zosavuta, mapulogalamu a Windows, kuyanjana

Mawonekedwe a Zithunzi za Vector

Mawonekedwe a zithunzi za Vector amasunga zithunzi ngati masamu osati ma pixel. Izi zimalola zithunzi za vector kuti ziwonjezeke kukula kulikonse osataya mtundu, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ma logo, zithunzi, ndi zithunzi.

.SVG Web Standard

Scalable Vector Graphics format, mawonekedwe a XML-based vector image for web. SVG imatanthauzira zojambula mumtundu wa XML, kuwalola kuti asakidwe, alembedwe, alembedwe, ndi kukakamizidwa.

  • Wopanga: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/svg+xml
  • Mawonekedwe: Makanema, kulumikizana kudzera pa CSS ndi JavaScript
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zithunzi zapaintaneti, mawonekedwe omvera, zithunzi, makanema ojambula

.AI Adobe

Mtundu wa Adobe Illustrator Artwork, mtundu wa fayilo womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ndi Adobe Illustrator. Ndi mtundu wa eni ake popanga ndikusunga zithunzi za vector zomwe zili ndi zida zapamwamba.

  • Wopanga: Adobe Systems
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/postscript
  • Kutengera: PDF (kuyambira Illustrator 9)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zojambulajambula zaukadaulo, ma logo, zithunzi

.EPS Kusindikiza

Encapsulated PostScript format, mawonekedwe a fayilo yazithunzi kutengera chilankhulo cha PostScript. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yosindikiza komanso yosindikiza.

  • Wopanga: Adobe Systems
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/postscript
  • Mawonekedwe: Onani chithunzithunzi, nambala ya PostScript, kugwirizanitsa kwakukulu
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusindikiza kwaukatswiri, kuyanjana kwa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana

.CDR Zotsatira CorelDRAW

Mtundu wa CorelDRAW, mtundu wa fayilo wa CorelDRAW Graphics Suite. Ndi mtundu wazithunzi za vekitala zothandizidwa ndi masamba angapo ndi zigawo.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Corel Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-cdr
  • Mawonekedwe: Masamba angapo, zigawo, zotsatira
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kapangidwe kaukadaulo mu CorelDRAW ecosystem

Zithunzi za Photoshop ndi Layered Image Formats

Mawonekedwe a zithunzi zosanjikiza amathandizira zigawo zingapo za data yazithunzi, kulola zolemba zovuta ndikusintha kosawononga. Mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakusintha zithunzi ndi zojambulajambula.

.PSD Adobe

Photoshop Document format, mtundu wa fayilo wa Adobe Photoshop. Imasunga zigawo zonse, masks, zolemba, ndi zina zosintha kuti zipitirire kusintha.

  • Wopanga: Adobe Systems
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/vnd.adobe.photoshop
  • Mawonekedwe: Zigawo, masks, zosintha, zinthu zanzeru
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Katswiri wokonza zithunzi, zojambulajambula, kupanga

.XCF GIMP

Mawonekedwe a eXperimental Computing Facility, mtundu wamafayilo amtundu wa GIMP mkonzi wazithunzi. Imasunga zigawo, mayendedwe, njira, ndi zina zambiri zosintha.

  • Wopanga: Gulu la GIMP
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/x-xcf
  • Mawonekedwe: Zigawo, ngalande, njira, kuwonekera
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusintha kwazithunzi mu GIMP, mayendedwe otseguka

.KRA Krita

Mtundu wa Krita Document, mtundu wamafayilo amtundu wa Krita digito wojambula. Imasunga zigawo, masks, zosefera, ndi zinthu za vector.

  • Wopanga: Krita Foundation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-krita
  • Mawonekedwe: Magulu osanjikiza, zigawo za vector, masks osefera
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kujambula kwa digito, fanizo, kupanga mapangidwe

Makamera Yaiwisi Mawonekedwe

Makamera aiwisi amitundu ali ndi data yosinthidwa pang’ono kuchokera ku sensa yazithunzi za kamera ya digito. Mawonekedwewa amasunga zithunzi zonse zoyambirira, zomwe zimalola kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakukonza pambuyo.

.RAW Zambiri

Mawu odziwika bwino amitundu yosiyanasiyana yazithunzi kuchokera ku makamera a digito. Wopanga kamera aliyense amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akeake.

  • Wopanga: Opanga makamera osiyanasiyana
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/x-raw
  • Mawonekedwe: Zosasinthidwa za sensa, kuzama kwathunthu
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kujambula kwaukatswiri, kusinthasintha kopitilira muyeso

.DNG Adobe

Mawonekedwe a Digital Negative, mawonekedwe otseguka opangidwa ndi Adobe. Idapangidwa kuti ipereke mawonekedwe amtundu wa mafayilo aiwisi a kamera kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana.

  • Wopanga: Adobe Systems
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/x-adobe-dng
  • Mawonekedwe: Metadata yokhazikika, zowoneratu zophatikizidwa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zithunzi zosaphika, kuyanjana kwa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana

.CR2/CR3 Canon

Mawonekedwe a Canon Raw 2/3, mawonekedwe azithunzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makamera a digito a Canon. Muli ndi zithunzi zosasinthidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku sensa ya kamera.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Canon Inc.
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/x-canon-cr2, chithunzi/x-canon-cr3
  • Kutengera: TIFF (CR2), ISO Base Media File Format (CR3)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kujambula kwaukadaulo ndi makamera a Canon

.NEF Nikon

Nikon Electronic Format, mtundu wazithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makamera a digito a Nikon. Lili ndi deta yosasinthidwa kuchokera ku sensa ya chithunzi cha kamera.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Nikon Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: chithunzi/x-nikon-nef
  • Kutengera: TIFF/EP muyezo
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kujambula kwaukadaulo ndi makamera a Nikon

Makanema Fayilo Yamavidiyo

Mawonekedwe a Common Container Vidiyo

Mawonekedwe a chidebe chamavidiyo amaphatikiza deta ya kanema, nyimbo zomvera, ma subtitles, ndi metadata mu fayilo imodzi. Zotengera zosiyanasiyana zimathandizira ma codec osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.

.MP4 Zachilengedwe

MPEG-4 Part 14 chidebe mtundu, mmodzi wa anthu ambiri amapereka kanema akamagwiritsa. Itha kukhala ndi makanema, ma audio, ma subtitles, ndi metadata ina ndipo imagwirizana ndi zida zambiri.

  • Wopanga: Gulu la Akatswiri a Zithunzi Zoyenda (ISO/IEC)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kanema / mp4
  • Common Codecs: H.264, H.265 (kanema), AAC (mawu)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Makanema apa intaneti, zida zam’manja, kugawa wamba

.MKV Zosiyanasiyana

Matroska Video chidebe mtundu, ndi lotseguka muyezo, kusintha chidebe mtundu kuti akhoza kukhala opanda malire chiwerengero cha kanema, zomvetsera, chithunzi, kapena subtitle njanji mu wapamwamba umodzi.

  • Wopanga: Gulu la polojekiti ya Matroska
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kanema / x-matroska
  • Mawonekedwe: Nyimbo zambiri zomvera, ma subtitles, mitu
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusungirako makanema apamwamba kwambiri, nyimbo zingapo zomvera / mawu

.AVI Cholowa

Mtundu wa Audio Video Interleave, wopangidwa ndi Microsoft. Ndi chidebe mtundu kuti akhoza muli zonse zomvetsera ndi mavidiyo deta mu wapamwamba chidebe kuti amalola synchronous zomvetsera ndi kanema kusewera.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kanema/x-msvideo
  • Zolepheretsa: Thandizo lochepa la metadata, malire a kukula
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugwirizana ndi machitidwe akale, kusungirako kanema kosavuta

.MOV Apple

QuickTime Movie mtundu, yopangidwa ndi Apple. Ndi mtundu wa chidebe womwe utha kukhala ndi kanema, zomvera, zotsatira, ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chilengedwe cha Apple.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Apple Inc.
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kanema/nthawi yofulumira
  • Mawonekedwe: Chaputala, timecode, 3D content
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Apple ecosystem, akatswiri okonza makanema

.WebM Webusaiti

Mawonekedwe a Web Media, mawonekedwe otseguka, opanda malipiro amtundu wamafayilo opangidwira pa intaneti. Ndi kagawo kakang’ono ka chidebe cha Matroska chokhala ndi kanema wa VP8/VP9 ndi ma codecs a Vorbis/Opus.

  • Wopanga: Google
  • Mtundu wa MIME: vidiyo/webm
  • Ma codecs: VP8, VP9, AV1 (kanema), Vorbis, Opus (audio)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kanema wapaintaneti, kusewerera makanema a HTML5, kusuntha

.TS Kuwulutsa

Mtundu wa MPEG Transport Stream, wopangidwira kuwulutsa makanema apa digito ndi mawu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa ma audio, makanema, ndi data pazama media osadalirika.

  • Wopanga: Gulu la Akatswiri a Zithunzi Zoyenda (ISO/IEC)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kanema/mp2t
  • Mawonekedwe: Kukonza zolakwika, kuthekera kotsitsa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kuwulutsa kwa digito pa TV, kukhamukira, ma DVD

Makanema Akatswiri Akanema

Makanema akatswiri amapangidwa kuti azipanga makanema apamwamba kwambiri, kusintha, ndi kugawa. Mafomuwa nthawi zambiri amaika patsogolo ubwino kuposa kukula kwa fayilo ndikuthandizira zina zapamwamba.

.MXF Kuwulutsa

Material Exchange Format, mtundu wa chidebe wamakanema akatswiri a digito ndi zomvera. Amapangidwa kuti azisinthana zinthu zomvera ndi zowonera ndi data yogwirizana ndi metadata.

  • Wopanga: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/mxf
  • Mawonekedwe: Metadata yochuluka, njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Makampani owulutsa, akatswiri opanga makanema

.DNxHR/DNxHD Avid

Digital Nonlinear Extensible High Resolution/High Definition, kanema wapamwamba kwambiri wa codec wopangidwa ndi Avid Technology wamitundu yambiri, wopanikizika HD workflows.

  • Wopanga: Avid Technology
  • Chotengera: MXF, MOV
  • Miyezo Yabwino: LB, SQ, HQ, HQX, 444
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusintha kwamavidiyo mwaukadaulo, Avid Media Composer

.ProRes Apple

Apple ProRes, banja la ma codec apamwamba kwambiri, osatayika omwe amapangidwa ndi Apple kuti azitha kupanga pambuyo pake. Imakhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yamakhalidwe osiyanasiyana.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Apple Inc.
  • Chotengera: MOV, MXF
  • Zosintha: 422 Proxy, 422 LT, 422, 422 HQ, 4444, 4444 XQ
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusintha kwamavidiyo mwaukadaulo, Apple Final Cut Pro

.BRAW Blackmagic

Blackmagic RAW, mawonekedwe akanema osakanizidwa opangidwa ndi Blackmagic Design. Imaphatikiza kusinthasintha kwa ma processing yaiwisi ndi magwiridwe antchito amtundu wothinikizidwa wamavidiyo.

  • Wopanga: Blackmagic Design
  • Kuponderezana: Ubwino Wanthawi Zonse kapena Bitrate Yanthawi Zonse
  • Zokonda Zapamwamba: 3:1, 5:1, 8:1, 12:1, Q0, Q1, Q3, Q5
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Katswiri wopanga mafilimu, makamera a Blackmagic

Mawonekedwe a Fayilo Yomvera

Makanema Oponderezedwa Omvera

Makanema ophatikizika amawu amagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana kuti achepetse kukula kwa fayilo ndikusunga mawu ovomerezeka. Mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa nyimbo, kutsitsa, ndi zida zonyamulika.

.MP3 Wamba

MPEG-1 Audio Layer III, mtundu wotayika wamawu wopangidwa kuti uchepetse kukula kwa fayilo ndikusunga mawu omveka bwino. Unakhala muyezo wa kugawa nyimbo ndi kusewera.

  • Wopanga: Gulu la Akatswiri a Zithunzi Zosuntha
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/mpeg
  • Mitengo yapang’ono: 8-320 kbps, VBR, CBR
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugawa nyimbo, zida zonyamulika, kumvetsera wamba

.AAC Zamakono

Advanced Audio Coding, mtundu wotayika wamawu wopangidwa kuti ukhale wolowa m’malo mwa MP3. Iwo zambiri amakwaniritsa bwino phokoso khalidwe kuposa MP3 pa mlingo pokha.

  • Wopanga: Gulu la Akatswiri a Zithunzi Zosuntha
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/ac
  • Mawonekedwe: Thandizo la Multichannel, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kuponderezana
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kuwulutsa kwapa digito, kusanja, Apple ecosystem

.OGG Tsegulani

Ogg Vorbis, mtundu waulere komanso wotseguka wamawu komanso chidebe. Imapereka kukakamiza kwamawu kothandiza pomwe ikukhalabe yopanda patent komanso yotseguka.

  • Wopanga: Xiph.Org Foundation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/ogg
  • Ma codecs: Vorbis (wamba), Opus, FLAC
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Mapulojekiti otsegulira, masewera, ma audio pa intaneti

.WMA Microsoft

Mawindo Media Audio, wothinikizidwa Audio wapamwamba mtundu opangidwa ndi Microsoft. Zimabwera m’mitundu ingapo pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuponderezana kosataya.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/x-ms-wma
  • Zosintha: WMA Standard, Pro, Lossless, Voice
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Windows ecosystem, yogwirizana ndi zinthu za Microsoft

Mawonekedwe Osataya Omvera

Zosataya zomvetsera akamagwiritsa compress zomvetsera deta popanda kutaya khalidwe. Mawonekedwewa ndi abwino kwa ma audiophiles, kusungitsa nyimbo zakale, komanso kupanga ma audio mwaukadaulo.

.FLAC Zosataya

Free Lossless Audio Codec, mawonekedwe otseguka osatayika opanda mawu. Imachepetsa kukula kwa fayilo ndi 40-50% ndikusunga mawu abwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mawu osakanizidwa.

  • Wopanga: Xiph.Org Foundation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/flac
  • Kuponderezana: Zosataya, 30-50% yaying’ono kuposa WAV
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kumvetsera kwa Audiophile, kusunga nyimbo zakale, zomvera zapamwamba kwambiri

.ALAC Apple

Apple Lossless Audio Codec, mtundu wosatayika wa audio wopangidwa ndi Apple. Amapereka ma CD amtundu wamtundu pafupifupi theka la danga la audio yosakanizidwa.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Apple Inc.
  • Chotengera: M4A
  • Kuponderezana: Zosataya, zofanana ndi FLAC
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Apple chilengedwe, iTunes, iOS zipangizo

.WAV Osapsinjidwa

Waveform Audio Fayilo Format, muyezo Audio wapamwamba mtundu opangidwa ndi Microsoft ndi IBM. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi audio ya PCM yosakanizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafayilo akulu azikula koma abwino kwambiri.

  • Wopanga: Microsoft ndi IBM
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/wav
  • Kukula: 10 MB pa mphindi (mtundu wa CD)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kujambula nyimbo, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri

.AIFF Apple

Audio Interchange File Format, fayilo ya audio yosakanizidwa yopangidwa ndi Apple. Mofanana ndi WAV, amapereka wangwiro Audio khalidwe koma lalikulu wapamwamba masaizi.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Apple Inc.
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/aiff
  • Kukula: Zofanana ndi WAV (10 MB/mphindi)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Audio Audio mu Mac mapangidwe

Professional Audio Formats

Makanema amawu aukadaulo adapangidwa kuti azipanga ma audio apamwamba kwambiri, kuchita bwino, ndikusunga zakale. Mawonekedwewa amapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, chithandizo chamagulu ambiri, komanso mawonekedwe apadera.

.DSD Audiophile

Direct Stream Digital, mawonekedwe apamwamba omvera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Super Audio CD (SACD). Zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana ya audio ya digito kuposa PCM, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri zamtengo wapatali.

  • Wopanga: Sony ndi Philips
  • Mtengo wachitsanzo: 2.8224 MHz, 5.6448 MHz (DSD128)
  • Kuzama Pang’ono: 1-bit (kusinthasintha kwapakati)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zojambula za Audiophile, luso la SACD

.BWF Kuwulutsa

Broadcast Wave Format, chowonjezera cha mtundu wa WAV womwe umaphatikizapo metadata yowonjezera kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwaukadaulo pakuwulutsa ndi kupanga mawu.

  • Wopanga: European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
  • Kutengera: Mtundu wa WAV
  • Mawonekedwe: Timecode, mafotokozedwe, chidziwitso choyambitsa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kuwulutsa, kupanga ma audio mwaukadaulo

.PCM Yaiwisi

Pulse Code Modulation, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira ma sign a analogi pa digito. Mafayilo a PCM ali ndi mawu omvera opanda mitu kapena metadata.

  • Mtundu: Yaiwisi Audio data mtundu
  • Mtundu wa MIME: audio/L16 (ya 16-bit PCM)
  • Zolepheretsa: Palibe metadata, imafunikira zitsanzo za kuchuluka / kuzama pang’ono
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zida zomvera zamaluso, mapulogalamu apadera

Mafomu a Archive ndi Compression Formats

Common Archive Formats

Mawonekedwe a Archive amasonkhanitsa mafayilo angapo ndi zikwatu mufayilo imodzi yachidebe chimodzi, nthawi zambiri ndi compress kuti muchepetse kukula kwa fayilo. Mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mafayilo, kusunga, ndi kusunga.

.ZIP Zachilengedwe

Mtundu wa zolemba zakale wa ZIP, mtundu wothandizidwa kwambiri komanso wosungira zakale. Itha kukhala ndi mafayilo angapo ndi zikwatu zomwe mungafune kuzibisa.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani PKWARE, Inc.
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/zip
  • Mawonekedwe: Kuteteza mawu achinsinsi, kukakamiza kolimba
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: General-purpose archive, cross-platform kugwirizanitsa

.RAR Mwini

Mtundu wa Roshal Archive, mtundu wosunga zakale wokhala ndi kukakamiza kolimba, kuchira kolakwika, komanso kuthekera kophatikiza mafayilo. Nthawi zambiri imakwaniritsa ma compression abwinoko kuposa ZIP.

  • Wopanga: Eugene Roshal
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/vnd.rar
  • Mawonekedwe: Kubisa kwamphamvu, zosunga zobwezeretsera, kuchuluka kwa voliyumu
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zofunikira zapaintaneti zapamwamba, zosungidwa zamagawo ambiri

.7Z Zapamwamba

Mtundu wa 7-Zip, mawonekedwe otsegulira archive omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba. Imathandizira njira zingapo zophatikizira komanso kubisa kwamphamvu kwa AES-256.

  • Wopanga: Igor Pavlov
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kugwiritsa ntchito/x-7z-kupanikizidwa
  • Kuponderezana: LZMA, LZMA2, PPMd, BZip2
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kupanikizika kwakukulu, zolemba zazikulu

.TAR Unix

Mawonekedwe a Tape Archive, omwe adapangidwa kuti azisunga zosunga zobwezeretsera. TAR palokha siyimapereka kukakamiza koma nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi zida zophatikizira monga gzip kapena bzip2.

  • Koyambira: Unix/Linux machitidwe
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-tar
  • Zowonjezera Zowonjezera: .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Unix/Linux machitidwe, kusunga zilolezo zamafayilo

Mawonekedwe a Zithunzi za Disk

Mawonekedwe a zithunzi za Disk amasunga makope athunthu a disks kapena magawo a disk, kuphatikiza zonse zomwe zili ndi data ndi kapangidwe kake. Izi akamagwiritsa ntchito zosunga zobwezeretsera, kugawa mapulogalamu, ndi dongosolo kuchira.

.ISO Standard

ISO Image mtundu, mtundu wa chithunzi cha disk chomwe chili ndi CD, DVD, kapena Blu-ray disc. ISO imachokera ku ISO 9660 file system standard for optical discs.

  • Zokhazikika: ISO 9660
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-iso9660-chithunzi
  • Mawonekedwe: Cross-platform, bootable disc thandizo
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugawa kwa mapulogalamu, kukhazikitsa makina ogwiritsira ntchito

.DMG Apple

Mtundu wa Disk Image, mtundu wa zithunzi za Apple za macOS. Itha kubisidwa, kupanikizidwa, ndikuyika ngati disk yeniyeni pamakina a macOS.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Apple Inc.
  • Mtundu wa MIME: kugwiritsa ntchito/x-apulo-diskimage
  • Mawonekedwe: Compression, encryption, checksums
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kugawa kwa mapulogalamu a macOS, ma backups a Mac

.VHD/.VHDX Microsoft

Mtundu wa Virtual Hard Disk, mawonekedwe a disk a Microsoft a Windows. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matekinoloje a Microsoft monga Hyper-V ndipo imatha kusunga machitidwe athunthu.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-virtualbox-vhd
  • Mawonekedwe: Ma disks amphamvu, ma disks osiyanasiyana, kukula kokhazikika
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Windows virtualization, zosunga zobwezeretsera dongosolo

.IMG Zambiri

Mtundu wa Disk Image, liwu lachidziwitso la mafayilo aiwisi a disk. Mafayilo a IMG nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo ndi gawo la disk kapena magawo a disk.

  • Mtundu: Chithunzi cha generic disk
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/octet-stream
  • Kapangidwe: Kope ya gawo ndi gawo
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zithunzi za floppy disk, zosavuta zosungira disk

Ma Fayilo a Database

Mawonekedwe a Desktop Database

Mawonekedwe a database ya pakompyuta adapangidwa kuti azisungidwa kwanuko ndikuwongolera deta yokhazikika. Mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’mapulogalamu ang’onoang’ono mpaka apakatikati komanso mapulojekiti aumwini.

.MDB Microsoft

Mawonekedwe a Microsoft Access Database, mawonekedwe amtundu wa mafayilo a Microsoft Access database isanafike 2007.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-msaccess
  • Size Limit: 2 GB pa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Zosungira zamabizinesi ang’onoang’ono, mapulogalamu apakompyuta

.ACCDB Microsoft

Mtundu wa Microsoft Access Database womwe unayambitsidwa mu Access 2007. Umapereka chitetezo chowongoleredwa, mitundu ya data, ndi mawonekedwe poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe akale a MDB.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/msaccess
  • Size Limit: 2 GB pa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Mapulogalamu amakono a Access, nkhokwe zazing’ono

.SQLite Zophatikizidwa

Mtundu wa SQLite Database, injini yokhazikika, yopanda seva, yosinthira zero. Ma database a SQLite amasungidwa ngati mafayilo amodzi omwe ali ndi schema yathunthu ya database ndi data.

  • Wopanga: D. Richard Hipp
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/vnd.sqlite3
  • Size Limit: 140 TB (zambiri)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Machitidwe ophatikizidwa, mapulogalamu a m’manja, kusungirako kwanuko

.FDB Firebird

Mtundu wa Firebird Database, mawonekedwe a fayilo a database ya Firebird SQL. Ndi database yotseguka yolumikizana yomwe imatha kuthamanga pafayilo imodzi ndipo imathandizira zambiri za SQL.

  • Wopanga: Pulogalamu ya Firebird
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/x-firebird
  • Mawonekedwe: Zochita, njira zosungidwa, zoyambitsa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Mabizinesi ang’onoang’ono mpaka apakatikati

Mafayilo a Database Server

Mafayilo a database ya seva amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kasamalidwe ka database yamabizinesi kuti asunge deta, ma index, ndi chidziwitso cha kasinthidwe. Mawonekedwewa adapangidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.

.MDF/.LDF SQL Server

Microsoft SQL Server Database ndi Log mafayilo. MDF ili ndi deta yoyambirira pomwe LDF ili ndi zipika zogulitsira zobwezeretsanso database.

  • Wopanga: Malingaliro a kampani Microsoft Corporation
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/octet-stream
  • Size Limit: 524,272 TB (zambiri)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Mapulogalamu amakampani, Microsoft ecosystem

.DBF dBase

Mafayilo a Database File, yochokera ku dBase database management system. Ngakhale kuti ndi yakale, imagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo imathandizidwa ndi zida zambiri za database.

  • Koyambira: dBase (Ashton-Tate)
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/dbase
  • Zolepheretsa: 2GB kukula, 255 minda pa mbiri
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Ntchito zolowa, zosungirako zosavuta

.IBD MySQL

InnoDB Database, mafayilo osungira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini yosungira ya InnoDB ku MySQL. Fayilo iliyonse ya IBD imakhala ndi data, indexes, ndi zina zambiri pamatebulo a MySQL.

  • Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi: MySQL/MariaDB yokhala ndi injini ya InnoDB
  • Mawonekedwe: Kutsata kwa ACID, kutseka kwa mizere
  • Fayilo pa: Table kapena tablespace
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Mapulogalamu a pa intaneti, mabizinesi a MySQL deployments

Mawonekedwe a Kusinthana kwa Data

Mawonekedwe osinthira deta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa deta yokhazikika pakati pa mapulogalamu ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwewa nthawi zambiri amakhala otengera zolemba komanso owerengeka ndi anthu, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kuphatikiza ndi ma API.

.CSV Zachilengedwe

Makhalidwe Osiyanitsidwa ndi Koma, mawonekedwe osavuta oyimira deta ya tabular. Mzere uliwonse umayimira mzere, ndipo makonda amasiyanitsidwa ndi koma kapena zoletsa zina.

  • Mtundu: Zotengera mawu
  • Mtundu wa MIME: mawu/csv
  • Zolepheretsa: Palibe mitundu ya data, palibe maubale
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusinthana kosavuta kwa data, kulowetsa spreadsheet / kutumiza kunja

.XML Zopangidwa

Chilankhulo chowonjezera cha Markup, chinenero cholembera chomwe chimatanthauzira malamulo osungira zolemba mumtundu womwe umatha kuwerengedwa ndi anthu komanso makina.

  • Zokhazikika: W3C XML
  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/xml
  • Mawonekedwe: Kutsimikizika kwa schema, malo a mayina, kusintha
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Kusinthana kwa data kovutirapo, mafayilo osintha

.JSON Zamakono

Mtundu wa JavaScript Object Notation, wopepuka wosinthana ndi data wotengera mawu a JavaScript. Ndizosavuta kuti anthu aziwerenga ndi kulemba komanso kuti makina azidulira ndikupanga.

  • Mtundu wa MIME: ntchito/json
  • Kapangidwe: Zinthu, magulu, magulu awiri amtengo wapatali
  • Mawonekedwe: Chilankhulo chodziyimira pawokha, chosavuta kugawa
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Ma API a pa intaneti, kasinthidwe, kusinthana kwa data

.YAML Wochezeka ndi anthu

YAML Si Chilankhulo cha Markup, mulingo wokomera anthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamafayilo osinthira komanso mapulogalamu omwe amasungidwa kapena kutumizidwa.

  • Mtundu wa MIME: application/yaml
  • Mawonekedwe: Ndemanga, maumboni, mapangidwe ovuta
  • Kulowera: Zofunika (zimagwiritsa ntchito mipata pomanga)
  • Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Mafayilo osintha, kusanja kwa data

Chitsogozo Chofananitsa cha Format

Document Format Kufananitsa

Kufananiza mbali zazikulu ndi kuthekera kwamitundu yodziwika bwino kukuthandizani kusankha mtundu woyenera pazosowa zanu.

Mbali PDF Chithunzi cha DOCX ODT RTF HTML
Imasunga Maonekedwe Yeniyeni
Zosavuta Kusintha
Mafomu & Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito
Ma signature a digito
Kugwirizana kwa Cross-Platform
Open Standard
Kuwona pa Webusaiti

Kufananiza Kwa Mawonekedwe a Zithunzi

Kufananiza zofunikira zazikulu ndi kuthekera kwamitundu yodziwika bwino ya zithunzi kukuthandizani kusankha mtundu woyenera wankhani yanu.

Mbali JPEG PNG GIF WebP SVG TIFF
Transparency Support
Thandizo la Makanema
Kuponderezana Kosataya
Zabwino kwa Zithunzi
Zabwino kwa Graphics
Kukula Kwafayilo Yaing’ono
Thandizo la Msakatuli Wapaintaneti
Scalable Popanda Kutayika

Kufananiza Kwa Format Yamavidiyo

Kufananiza zinthu zazikulu ndi kuthekera kwamakanema wamba kukuthandizani kusankha mtundu woyenera wa makanema anu.

Mbali MP4 MKV AVI Zithunzi za MOV WebM
Kugwirizana kwa Webusaiti
Nyimbo Zamafoni Angapo
Subtitle Support
Thandizo la Mutu
Wide Device Support
Tsegulani Format
Kukhamukira-Wochezeka

Momwe Mungasankhire Fayilo Yoyenera

Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa fayilo ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana, kukhala yabwino, komanso kuchita bwino. Tsatirani kalozerayu pang’onopang’ono kuti mupange chisankho choyenera pazosowa zanu zenizeni.

1

Dziwani Mlandu Wanu Wogwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri

Yambani ndikuzindikira cholinga chachikulu cha fayilo yanu. Kodi mukupanga zinthu zapaintaneti, zosindikiza, zosintha mwaukadaulo, zosunga zakale, kapena kugawana nawo? Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Pazinthu zapaintaneti, yikani patsogolo mawonekedwe ndi chithandizo chamsakatuli wotakata komanso masaizi ang’onoang’ono a fayilo. Kuti musindikize, sankhani mitundu yomwe imasunga mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mtundu wolondola. Kuti musinthe mwaukadaulo, sankhani mawonekedwe omwe amasunga bwino ndikuthandizira zomwe mukufuna.

2

Ganizirani Zofunika Zapamwamba

Onani momwe mtundu ulili wofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanu. Ngati mukufuna pazipita khalidwe popanda kutaya deta, sankhani akamagwiritsa lossless ngati PNG zithunzi, FLAC kwa zomvetsera, kapena ProRes kanema. Ngati kukula kwa fayilo kuli kofunika kwambiri ndipo kutayika kwa khalidwe kuli kovomerezeka, mawonekedwe oponderezedwa monga JPEG, MP3, kapena MP4 angakhale oyenera kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti zofunikira zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zomwe zili – zithunzi zimapindula ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa zojambulajambula kapena zolemba.

3

Unikani Zofunikira Zogwirizana

Dziwani kuti ndi makina ati, mapulogalamu, kapena zida zomwe zidzafunike kuti mupeze mafayilo anu. Ngati kuyanjana kwakukulu kuli kofunikira, sankhani mitundu yonse yokhala ndi chithandizo chachikulu pamapulatifomu ndi mapulogalamu. Pamayendedwe apadera apadera, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amakampani ngakhale atakhala ndi chithandizo chochepa. Yesani nthawi zonse mtundu womwe mwasankha pamakina omwe mukufuna kutsata musanapange kusintha kwakukulu kapena kupanga.

4

Unikani Zofunikira pa Mawonekedwe

Dziwani zomwe mukufuna mu fayilo yanu. Kodi mumafunikira chithandizo chamagulu, kuwonekera, kapena makanema ojambula? Kodi mukufuna nyimbo zingapo zomvera kapena mawu am’munsi? Kodi mukuyang’ana zosinthika kapena zotetezedwa monga kubisa kapena siginecha ya digito? Pangani mndandanda wazinthu zomwe muyenera kukhala nazo kuti muchepetse zosankha zanu. Mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana m’gulu lomwelo nthawi zambiri amathandizira ma seti osiyanasiyana.

5

Ganizirani Zolepheretsa Kukula Kwa Fayilo

Yang’anani malire aliwonse pakukula kwa fayilo pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Ngati mukugawana mafayilo pa intaneti, kukweza pamapulatifomu ena, kapena kusunga zambiri, kukula kwa fayilo kumakhala kofunikira. Mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zopondereza, kuchokera kupsinjika kosataya komwe kumasunga deta yonse mpaka kukanika kotayika komwe kumachepetsa kukula kwa fayilo potaya zambiri. Kupeza bwino pakati pa khalidwe ndi kukula nthawi zambiri ndizofunikira posankha mtundu woyenera.

6

Ganizirani Zofunika Zam’tsogolo

Ganizirani ngati kusankha kwanu kudzagwirizana ndi kusintha kwamtsogolo, kusintha, kapena kusungitsa zakale. Pamafayilo oyambira omwe asinthidwanso, sankhani mafomu omwe amasunga bwino komanso kusinthasintha. Pazosungira zakale, sankhani mawonekedwe okhala ndi moyo wautali komanso chithandizo chokulirapo. Nthaŵi zina kusunga matembenuzidwe angapo—fayilo yapamwamba mumpangidwe wapamwamba kwambiri ndi zotuluka m’mawonekedwe ofikirika kwambiri—ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yogwirizanitsira zosowa zamakono ndi zamtsogolo.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Mafayilo Afayilo

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kuponderezana kotayika ndi kopanda kutaya?

Kuponderezana kopanda kutaya kumachepetsa kukula kwa fayilo ndikusunga zonse zoyambira. Ikatsitsidwa, fayiloyo imakhala yofanana ndi yoyamba isanapanikizidwe. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo PNG ya zithunzi, FLAC ya audio, ndi ZIP ya mafayilo onse. Kuphatikizika kotayika kumachotsa deta ina kuti ikwaniritse masaizi ang’onoang’ono a fayilo. Mlingo wa khalidwe imfa zimadalira psinjika mlingo. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo JPEG ya zithunzi, MP3 ya audio, ndi MP4 yokhala ndi H.264 ya kanema. Mawonekedwe otayika nthawi zambiri amakhala ang’onoang’ono koma amapereka mtundu wina, pomwe mawonekedwe osatayika amasunga mawonekedwe koma amabweretsa mafayilo akulu.

Chifukwa chiyani fayilo yanga simatsegulidwa mu pulogalamu inayake?

Mafayilo sangatseguke m’mapulogalamu ena pazifukwa zingapo: pulogalamuyo mwina siyikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa fayilo; fayilo ikhoza kuwonongeka kapena kusakwanira; fayilo ikhoza kukhala ikugwiritsa ntchito mtundu waposachedwa kuposa momwe pulogalamuyo imagwirizira; kapena kukulitsa fayilo sikungafanane ndi mtundu weniweni wa fayilo. Kuti muthetse vutoli, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito chida chosinthira mafayilo kuti musinthe kukhala mawonekedwe ogwirizana, sinthani pulogalamu yanu kukhala yaposachedwa kwambiri, kapena gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu ina yomwe imathandizira mawonekedwewo. Pamawonekedwe eni ake, mungafunike mapulogalamu apadera ochokera kwa wopanga mawonekedwewo.

Ndi mafayilo amtundu wanji omwe ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito posunga zakale?

Kuti musunge nthawi yayitali, sankhani mawonekedwe omwe amathandizidwa kwambiri, okhazikika, komanso osatha kutha. Pazolemba, lingalirani za PDF/A, mtundu wapadera wa PDF wopangidwa makamaka kuti usungidwe zakale. Pazithunzi, TIFF kapena DNG (za digito) ndi zosankha zabwino. Pazomvera, WAV yosakanizidwa kapena FLAC imapereka khalidwe lopanda kutaya. Kanema, lingalirani zotengera za MKV zokhala ndi ma codec ambiri kapena mafayilo osungidwa ngati FFV1. Nthawi zonse ikani patsogolo mawonekedwe otseguka, olembedwa kuposa omwe eni eni, ndipo lingalirani kupanga makope angapo m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze deta yovuta. Nthawi zonse sunthani zakale zanu kupita kumitundu yatsopano pamene miyezo ikusintha.

Kodi ndingasinthe bwanji pakati pa mafayilo osiyanasiyana?

Mutha kusintha mafayilo amafayilo pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera yosinthira, ntchito zosinthira pa intaneti, kapena zida zomangidwa m’mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Pamawonekedwe a zikalata, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, ndi Google Docs zonse zimapereka zosankha zotumiza kumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pazithunzi, zida monga Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, ndi IrfanView zimapereka kuthekera kosintha. Pamawu ndi makanema, mapulogalamu ngati HandBrake, FFmpeg, ndi Audacity ndi zosankha zamphamvu. Ntchito zambiri zaulere zapaintaneti zimapezekanso kuti musinthe mosavuta, ngakhale samalani potsitsa zidziwitso zachinsinsi. Mukamatembenuza, dziwani kuti kutembenuka kwina kungayambitse kutayika kwa khalidwe kapena kutayika kwa mawonekedwe, makamaka pamene mukusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wokhoza kukhala wosavuta.

Kodi chimayambitsa ziphuphu zamafayilo ndi chiyani ndipo ndingapewe bwanji?

Ziphuphu zamafayilo zitha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza kuzimitsidwa kosayenera, kulephera kwa hardware, zolakwika zamapulogalamu, matenda a virus, kusamutsidwa kosokoneza, kapena kuwonongeka kwa media. Kuti mupewe ziphuphu zamafayilo, tsatirani izi: nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito njira ya “chotsani mosamala” pama drive akunja; sungani makina anu ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu osinthidwa; kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya antivayirasi; pewani kusokoneza ntchito zamafayilo monga kusunga kapena kukopera; gwiritsani ntchito njira yosunga zobwezeretsera nthawi zonse ndi makope angapo; gwiritsani ntchito zida zotsimikizira mafayilo zomwe zimayang’ana kukhulupirika kwa data; ndikuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo amafayilo omwe ali ndi kukonza zolakwika zomangidwa. Ngati muli ndi mafayilo ofunikira, onetsetsani kuti ndi oona mtima nthawi zonse ndikuwasamutsira kumalo osungira atsopano pakapita zaka zingapo.

Kodi mafomu a chidebe ndi chiyani ndipo amasiyana bwanji ndi ma codec?

Mawonekedwe a makontena (monga MP4, MKV, AVI) ndi mapepala omwe amakhala ndi mitsinje ingapo ya data monga kanema, ma audio, ma subtitles, ndi metadata mu fayilo imodzi. Amatanthauzira momwe zinthuzi zimapangidwira koma osati momwe zomwe zili zenizeni zimasungidwira. Ma Codecs (monga H.264, VP9, ​​AAC, MP3) ndi matekinoloje omwe amasindikiza ndikuzindikira ma audio kapena makanema amawu, kudziwa njira yophatikizira ndi mtundu wake. Mtundu umodzi wa chidebe ukhoza kuthandizira ma codec osiyanasiyana, ndipo codec yomweyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidebe. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta, chifukwa chidebe ndi codec ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi chipangizo chanu chosewera kapena mapulogalamu.

Onani Zambiri Zamtundu wa Fayilo

Limbikitsani kumvetsetsa kwanu kwamafayilo ndi maupangiri athu atsatanetsatane, zida zosinthira, ndi chidziwitso cha akatswiri. Kaya ndinu katswiri, wophunzira, kapena wokonda makonda, kusankha mafayilo oyenera ndikofunikira pazambiri zanu za digito.

Sakatulani Magulu Onse Kalozera Wosankha
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