An Bayyana Tsarin Bidiyo na HDR: HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision & HLG

An Bayyana Tsarin Bidiyo na HDR

Cikakken jagora don taimaka muku fahimtar tsarin bidiyo na hdr da aka bayyana.

Minti 12 karatu

Jagoran Ilimi

Shawarwari na Kwararru

Menene HDR Video kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci

Bidiyo mai tsayi mai ƙarfi (HDR) yana wakiltar ci gaba na juyin juya hali a cikin fasahar nuni, yana ba da ingantacciyar ingantacciyar gani idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen abun ciki mai ƙarfi (SDR). HDR yana ɗauka kuma yana nuna matakan haske mai faɗi da yawa, daga mafi zurfin baƙar fata zuwa mafi kyawun fari, ƙirƙirar hotuna waɗanda suka fi kama da abin da idon ɗan adam ke gani a zahiri. Wannan faɗaɗa kewayon hasken haske, yawanci ya kai daga 0.1 zuwa nits 1,000 ko sama, yana ba da damar ƙarin tasirin hasken haske da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a cikin inuwa da manyan bayanai. Tasirin HDR ya wuce matakan haske kawai. Bidiyon HDR kuma yana goyan bayan gamut masu launi masu faɗi, ma’ana yana iya nuna launuka fiye da tsarin bidiyo na gargajiya. Duk da yake daidaitaccen bidiyon yawanci yana rufe kusan kashi 35% na launuka masu iya gani, tsarin HDR na iya haifar da har zuwa 75% na launukan idanun ɗan adam. Wannan sararin sararin launi, haɗe tare da ƙara zurfin bit (yawanci 10-bit maimakon 8-bit), yana kawar da haɗakar launi kuma yana samar da gradients masu laushi. Sakamakon shine abun ciki na bidiyo wanda ya bayyana mafi ƙwaƙƙwalwa, haƙiƙa, da nutsewa, yana mai da HDR mahimmanci musamman don abubuwan cinematic, wasan kwaikwayo, da samar da bidiyo na ƙwararru.

HDR10: Tsarin Gidauniya

HDR10 yana tsaye azaman tsarin HDR wanda aka fi ɗauka, yana aiki azaman ma’auni na asali don bidiyo na HDR a cikin masana’antar. An haɓaka shi azaman madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen, HDR10 yana amfani da metadata na tsaye don ayyana sararin launi da halayen haske don ɗaukacin bidiyo. Yana goyan bayan Rec. Wurin launi na 2020, zurfin launi 10-bit, da matakan haske mafi girma har zuwa nits 10,000, kodayake yawancin nunin mabukaci yawanci yakai nits 1,000-4,000. Tsarin yana amfani da aikin Canja wurin Perceptual Quantizer (PQ), wanda kuma aka sani da SMPTE ST 2084, wanda ke yin taswirar cikakken kewayon haske na HDR da inganci fiye da na gargajiya na gamma. Daidaituwar duniya ta HDR10 ta sanya ta zama ma’auni na gaskiya don rarraba abun ciki na HDR. Manyan dandamali masu yawo kamar Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, da Disney + suna amfani da HDR10 don abun ciki na HDR, kuma kusan dukkanin nunin HDR masu iya tallafawa wannan tsari. Koyaya, dogaron HDR10 akan metadata na tsaye yana nufin cewa an saita sigogin HDR sau ɗaya don duka bidiyon, mai yuwuwar iyakance haɓakawa ga fage tare da buƙatun haske daban-daban. Duk da wannan ƙayyadaddun, HDR10 yana ba da gagarumin ci gaba akan abun ciki na SDR kuma yana aiki a matsayin kyakkyawan wurin shiga cikin abubuwan kallon HDR.

HDR10+ da Dolby Vision: Advanced Dynamic HDR

HDR10+ da Dolby Vision suna wakiltar juyin halitta na gaba a cikin fasahar HDR, duka biyun suna amfani da metadata mai ƙarfi don haɓaka sigogin HDR akan fage-by-scene ko ma firam-by-frame. HDR10+, wanda Samsung ya haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar Amazon da sauran shugabannin masana’antu, yana ginawa a kan harsashin HDR10 yayin ƙara ƙarfin taswirar sauti mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙirƙira abun ciki damar daidaita ƙwarewar HDR a duk cikin bidiyo, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haske da haɓaka launi ga kowane fage. HDR10+ yana kiyaye jituwa ta baya tare da nunin HDR10 yayin samar da ingantattun ƙwarewa akan na’urori masu jituwa. Dolby Vision, wanda Dolby Laboratories ya haɓaka, yana ba da mafi kyawun aiwatarwar HDR a halin yanzu. Taimakawa zurfin zurfin launi 12-bit da haske kololuwar haske na nits 10,000, Dolby Vision yana ba da daidaiton launi mafi girma da kewayo mai ƙarfi. Tsarin ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai na metadata waɗanda ke jagorantar sarrafa abun ciki da nunin nuni, yana tabbatar da an kiyaye manufar fasaha ta mahalicci a wurare daban-daban na kallo. Abubuwan da ke cikin Dolby Vision ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kayan aiki ne na musamman, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar gani mai ƙima wanda ke sananne musamman a manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na gida da aikace-aikacen sinima.

HLG: Shirye-shiryen HDR Magani

Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) yana wakiltar wata hanya ta musamman ga HDR da aka tsara musamman don watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin da aikace-aikacen yawo kai tsaye. BBC da NHK (Mai watsa shirye-shirye na kasar Japan) ne suka haɓaka tare, HLG tana magance ƙalubalen da ke tattare da rarraba abun ciki na HDR akan kayan aikin watsa shirye-shirye na gargajiya. Ba kamar sauran tsarin HDR da ke buƙatar takamaiman metadata ba, HLG yana amfani da aikin canja wuri na matasan wanda ke da baya mai jituwa tare da nunin SDR yayin samar da fa’idodin HDR akan fuska masu jituwa. Wannan kyakkyawan bayani yana ba masu watsa shirye-shirye damar watsa sigina guda ɗaya wanda ke aiki a duk na’urorin HDR da SDR. Tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye na HLG ya sa ya zama manufa don wasanni na raye-raye, labarai, da sauran abun ciki na ainihin lokacin inda hadaddun tsarin sarrafa abubuwan da ake buƙata don HDR10+ ko Dolby Vision ba su da amfani. HLG yana goyan bayan Rec. 2020 sarari launi da 10-bit encoding, samar da ingantaccen haɓakawa akan SDR yayin kiyaye sauƙin da ake buƙata don ayyukan watsa shirye-shirye. Manyan masu watsa shirye-shirye a duk duniya sun karɓi HLG don watsawar HDR, kuma tsarin yana ƙara samun goyan bayan dandamali masu gudana don abun ciki mai rai. Ƙarfin tsarin yin aiki ba tare da hadadden taswirar sautin sauti yana sa ya zama mai mahimmanci musamman ga masu samar da abun ciki waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen isar da HDR a cikin mahallin kallo daban-daban.

Ƙididdiga na Fasaha da Daidaitawa

Fahimtar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na nau’ikan HDR daban-daban yana da mahimmanci ga masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki, masu rarrabawa, da masu amfani da yanke shawarar kayan aiki. HDR10 yana amfani da zurfin launi 10-bit tare da Rec. 2020 sarari launi da PQ (SMPTE ST 2084) aikin canja wuri, yana tallafawa mafi girman haske har zuwa nits 10,000 tare da metadata na tsaye. HDR10+ yana kiyaye waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai yayin ƙara ƙarfin metadata mai ƙarfi ta hanyar daidaitaccen daidaitaccen ST 2094-40 SMPTE. Dolby Vision yana ba da mafi girman ƙayyadaddun bayanai tare da zurfin launi na 12-bit, kodayake yawancin aiwatar da masu amfani suna amfani da 10-bit, kuma suna goyan bayan duka ayyukan canja wurin PQ da HLG dangane da bayanin martabar da aka yi amfani da su. La’akarin dacewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zaɓin tsari da aiwatarwa. HDR10 yana jin daɗin tallafin duniya a cikin na’urori masu iya HDR, yana mai da shi mafi aminci zaɓi don dacewa mai faɗi. Tallafin HDR10+ ya karu sosai, tare da manyan masana’antun TV da sabis na yawo suna ɗaukar tsarin, kodayake ba shi da yawa kamar HDR10. Dolby Vision yana buƙatar lasisi da takamaiman tallafin kayan masarufi, iyakance samuwarsa ga na’urori masu ƙima, amma yana ba da mafi kyawun inganci idan an aiwatar da shi yadda ya kamata. Tallafin HLG ya bambanta ta yanki da aikace-aikace, tare da tallafi mai ƙarfi a cikin kasuwannin watsa shirye-shirye idan aka kwatanta da yawo da aikace-aikacen kafofin watsa labarai na zahiri.

Zaɓi Tsarin HDR Dama don Bukatunku

Zaɓin tsarin HDR da ya dace ya dogara da dalilai da yawa ciki har da nau’in abun ciki, hanyar rarrabawa, masu sauraro da ake nufi, da bukatun fasaha. Don rarraba abun ciki na gabaɗaya da matsakaicin daidaituwa, HDR10 ya kasance mafi kyawun zaɓi saboda goyan bayansa na duniya da ingantaccen tabbaci. Masu ƙirƙira abun ciki da ke niyya abubuwan ƙwarewa masu ƙima yakamata suyi la’akari da HDR10+ don ƙarfin metadata mai ƙarfi yayin da suke riƙe da daidaituwa mai faɗi, ko Dolby Vision don aiwatarwa mafi inganci inda masu sauraron da ake hari suna da manyan kayan aiki masu dacewa. Ayyukan samarwa da tashoshi na rarraba suna tasiri sosai ga zaɓin tsarin. Ayyukan yawo sau da yawa suna goyan bayan nau’ikan HDR da yawa, yana ba da damar abun ciki don isar da mafi kyawun tsarin da ake samu don kowace na’ura. Aikace-aikacen watsa shirye-shiryen yawanci suna fifita HLG don fa’idodin dacewarta da sauƙaƙe buƙatun aikin aiki. Masu samar da kafofin watsa labaru na jiki na iya zaɓar tsakanin HDR10 don dacewa mai faɗi ko Dolby Vision don fitattun fitattun masu sauraro masu kishi. Lokacin aiki tare da fayilolin bidiyo na HDR, samun ingantaccen kayan aikin juyawa ya zama mahimmanci don daidaita abun ciki tsakanin nau’ikan tsari daban-daban da tabbatar da dacewa a cikin dandamali da na’urori daban-daban.

Key Takeaways

Tsarin HDR Suna Hidima Manufa Daban Daban

Kowane tsarin HDR yana magance takamaiman lokuta na amfani da buƙatun fasaha

HDR10 yana ba da dacewa ga duniya don rarrabawa
HDR10+ da Dolby Vision suna ba da haɓaka haɓakawa don ƙwarewar ƙima
HLG ya yi fice a cikin watsa shirye-shirye da aikace-aikacen yawo kai tsaye

Ingancin Tasirin Ƙididdigar Fasaha

Fahimtar ƙayyadaddun tsari yana taimakawa haɓaka isar da abun ciki da ƙwarewar kallo

Zurfin launi 10-bit yana kawar da bandeji kuma yana inganta gradients
Ƙwararrun metadata yana ba da damar inganta yanayin-ta-hannun yanayi
Wurin launi da kololuwar haske suna ƙayyade tasirin gani gaba ɗaya

Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙarfafawa

Nasarar tsari ya dogara sosai a kan tallafin na’urar da karɓar masana’antu

HDR10 yana ba da mafi girman daidaituwar na’urar
Tsarin ƙima yana buƙatar takamaiman tallafin kayan masarufi
Siffofin watsa shirye-shiryen suna ba da fifiko ga sauƙin tafiyar aiki akan matsakaicin inganci

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayayyen metadata da tsauri a cikin HDR?

Ƙididdigar metadata (amfani da HDR10) yana amfani da sigogi iri ɗaya na HDR zuwa ɗaukacin bidiyo, yayin da metadata mai ƙarfi (amfani da HDR10+ da Dolby Vision) yana ba da damar haɓakawa akan fage-by-scene ko firam-by-frame, samar da mafi kyawun daidaitawa ga bambancin haske da buƙatun launi.

Zan iya kallon abun ciki na HDR10+ akan nunin HDR10-kawai?

Ee, HDR10+ yana dacewa da baya tare da nunin HDR10. Za a yi watsi da metadata mai ƙarfi, kuma abun ciki zai yi wasa ta amfani da ma’aunin HDR10 na tushe, har yanzu yana ba da ƙwarewar HDR ko da yake ba tare da ingantaccen haɓakawa ba.

Me yasa wasu ayyukan yawo suke ba da tsarin HDR da yawa?

Ayyukan yawo suna ba da nau’ikan HDR da yawa don tabbatar da mafi kyawun gogewar gani a cikin na’urori daban-daban. Wannan yana ba su damar isar da Dolby Vision zuwa na’urori masu ƙima yayin faɗuwa zuwa HDR10+ ko HDR10 don ƙarin dacewa, yana haɓaka isa ga masu sauraron su.

Shin Dolby Vision koyaushe ya fi HDR10+?

Dolby Vision yawanci yana ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fasaha da haɓakar sarrafawa, amma ainihin bambancin kallon ya dogara da ikon nuni, ƙwarewar sarrafa abun ciki, da yanayin kallo. Dukansu nau’ikan suna ba da kyawawan abubuwan HDR yayin aiwatar da su yadda ya kamata.

Shin ina buƙatar software na musamman don aiki tare da fayilolin bidiyo na HDR?

Yin aiki tare da bidiyo na HDR yana buƙatar software wanda ke goyan bayan tsarin HDR da kuma sarrafa launi mai kyau. ƙwararrun software na gyara bidiyo, ‘yan wasan watsa labaru tare da tallafin HDR, da kayan aikin juyawa na musamman sun zama dole don kiyaye ingancin HDR a cikin samarwa da rarraba ayyukan aiki.

Nawa girman girman fayil zan sa ran tare da bidiyon HDR?

Bidiyo na HDR yawanci yana ƙara girman fayil da 25-40% idan aka kwatanta da daidai abun ciki na SDR saboda 10-bit encoding, faɗaɗa gamuts launi, da metadata sama da sama. Madaidaicin haɓaka ya dogara da takamaiman tsarin HDR, saitunan matsawa, da halayen abun ciki.

Ana iya canza abun ciki na HDR tsakanin tsari daban-daban?

Ee, ana iya canza abun ciki na HDR tsakanin tsari, kodayake wannan tsari yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali na wuraren launi, taswirar sauti, da metadata don kiyaye inganci. Wasu jujjuyawar na iya haifar da asara mai inganci, musamman lokacin da ake juyawa daga mafi girman ƙira kamar Dolby Vision zuwa HDR10.

Me zai faru lokacin da aka kunna abun ciki na HDR akan nunin da ba na HDR ba?

Lokacin da aka kunna abun ciki na HDR akan nunin SDR, taswirar sauti yana faruwa don matsawa tsayin kewayo mai ƙarfi cikin ikon nunin. Wannan tsari ya bambanta da inganci dangane da software na mai kunnawa kuma yana iya haifar da hotunan da suka bayyana duhu sosai ko kuma an wanke su ba tare da taswirar sautin da ya dace ba.

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