Cikakken Tsarin Fayil Encyclopedia

Matsi mara hasara yana rage girman fayil yayin adana duk bayanan asali. Lokacin da aka lalata, fayil ɗin yayi kama da na asali kafin matsawa. Misalai sun haɗa da PNG don hotuna, FLAC don sauti, da ZIP don fayilolin gaba ɗaya. Rashin matsi na dindindin yana cire wasu bayanai don cimma ƙananan girman fayil. Matsayin asarar ingancin ya dogara da matakin matsawa. Misalai sun haɗa da JPEG don hotuna, MP3 don sauti, da MP4 tare da H.264 don bidiyo. Tsarin hasara yawanci sun fi ƙanƙanta amma suna sadaukar da wasu inganci, yayin da tsarin rashin asara ke adana inganci amma yana haifar da manyan fayiloli.

Maiyuwa fayiloli ba za su buɗe a wasu aikace-aikacen ba saboda dalilai da yawa: aikace-aikacen bazai goyi bayan tsarin fayil ɗin ba; fayil ɗin zai iya lalacewa ko bai cika ba; fayil ɗin yana iya amfani da sabon sigar tsarin fiye da aikace-aikacen da ke goyan bayan; ko tsawo fayil ɗin bazai dace da ainihin tsarin fayil ɗin ba. Don warware wannan batu, gwada amfani da kayan aikin sauya fayil don canzawa zuwa tsari mai jituwa, sabunta aikace-aikacenku zuwa sabon sigar, ko amfani da madadin aikace-aikacen da ke goyan bayan tsarin. Don tsarin mallakar mallaka, ƙila kuna buƙatar takamaiman software daga mai haɓaka tsarin.

Don adana bayanai na dogon lokaci, zaɓi tsarin da aka goyi bayan ko’ina, daidaitacce, kuma ba zai yuwu a daina aiki ba. Don takardu, yi la’akari da PDF/A, sigar PDF na musamman da aka tsara musamman don adana kayan tarihi. Don hotuna, TIFF ko DNG (na dijital korau) zabi ne masu kyau. Don sauti, WAV ko FLAC maras nauyi suna ba da inganci mara asara. Don bidiyo, yi la’akari da kwantena MKV tare da kodecs masu fa’ida da goyan baya ko takamaiman takamaiman tsari kamar FFV1. Koyaushe ba da fifikon buɗaɗɗen, ƙididdigan tsare-tsaren sama da na mallakar mallaka, kuma la’akari da yin kwafi da yawa a cikin tsari daban-daban don mahimman bayanai. A kai a kai ƙaura rumbunanka zuwa sabbin tsare-tsare yayin da ƙa’idodi ke tasowa.

Kuna iya canzawa tsakanin tsarin fayil ta amfani da software na musamman na jujjuya, sabis na juyawa kan layi, ko ginanniyar fasalulluka a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Don tsarin daftarin aiki, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, da Google Docs duk suna ba da zaɓuɓɓukan fitarwa zuwa tsari daban-daban. Don hotuna, kayan aikin kamar Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, da IrfanView suna ba da damar juyawa. Don sauti da bidiyo, aikace-aikace kamar HandBrake, FFmpeg, da Audacity zaɓuɓɓuka ne masu ƙarfi. Yawancin sabis na kan layi kyauta kuma suna wanzu don sauƙaƙan juyawa, kodayake a yi hattara game da loda mahimman bayanai. Lokacin jujjuyawa, ku sani cewa wasu jujjuyawar na iya haifar da asara mai inganci ko asarar fasali, musamman lokacin jujjuyawa daga mafi kyawun tsari zuwa mafi sauƙi.

Cin hanci da rashawa na iya faruwa saboda dalilai daban-daban ciki har da rufewar da bai dace ba, gazawar hardware, kurakuran software, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, katsewar canja wuri, ko lalatawar kafofin watsa labarai. Don hana ɓarna fayil, ɗauki waɗannan ayyukan: koyaushe yi amfani da zaɓin “cire lafiya” don tuƙi na waje; ci gaba da sabunta tsarin aiki da aikace-aikacenku; amfani da software na riga-kafi; guje wa katse ayyukan fayil kamar adanawa ko kwafi; aiwatar da dabarun ajiya na yau da kullun tare da kwafi da yawa; yi amfani da kayan aikin tantance fayil waɗanda ke bincika amincin bayanan; kuma la’akari da yin amfani da tsarin fayil tare da ginanniyar gyara kuskure. Idan kuna da fayiloli masu mahimmanci, tabbatar da amincin su akai-akai kuma ƙaura su zuwa sabbin hanyoyin ajiya kowane ƴan shekaru.

Tsarin kwantena (kamar MP4, MKV, AVI) nade-nade ne waɗanda ke riƙe rafukan bayanai da yawa kamar bidiyo, sauti, fassarar bayanai, da metadata a cikin fayil ɗaya. Suna ayyana yadda aka tsara waɗannan abubuwan amma ba yadda ainihin abun ciki ke ɓoye ba. Codecs (kamar H.264, VP9, ​​AAC, MP3) sune fasahar da ke ɓoyewa da kuma yanke ainihin rafukan bayanan sauti ko bidiyo, ƙayyade hanyar matsawa da inganci. Tsarin ganga ɗaya na iya tallafawa codecs da yawa daban-daban, kuma ana iya amfani da codec iri ɗaya a cikin nau’ikan ganga daban-daban. Fahimtar wannan bambance-bambance yana taimakawa lokacin magance matsalolin daidaitawa, saboda duka akwati da codec dole ne su sami goyan bayan na’urar sake kunnawa ko software.