Jagorar Tsarin Fayilolin Komawa Makaranta na ƙarshe don ɗalibai da Malamai

Don karatun ƙarshe ko ƙaddamarwa, PDF kusan an fi so a duk duniya. Tsarin PDF/A, musamman wanda aka ƙera don dalilai na adana kayan tarihi, yana tabbatar da cewa takaddar ku za ta kasance mai isa ga kuma an tsara ta yadda ya kamata shekaru da yawa. Yawancin jami’o’i suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙa’idodi don ƙaddamar da rubutun lantarki da karatun (ETD), don haka bincika buƙatun cibiyar ku. Ajiye ainihin fayil ɗin sarrafa kalmarku (.docx, .odt) don kowane bita na gaba ko sake amfani da abun ciki.

Canje-canjen tsari yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda bambance-bambancen rubutu, rashin dacewa da sigar, ko bambancin dandamali. Don rage wannan batu: (1) Yi amfani da rubutun gama gari da aka haɗa a yawancin tsarin (Arial, Times New Roman, Calibri); (2) Raba a cikin tsarin PDF lokacin tsara tsarawa yana da mahimmanci; (3) Idan ana amfani da Kalma, kunna zaɓin “Embed fonts in the file” a cikin saitunan adana Word; (4) Don gyara haɗin gwiwa, yi amfani da dandamali na tushen girgije kamar Google Docs ko Office 365 inda kowa ke aiki akan sigar iri ɗaya.

Don rage girman girman fayil ɗin gabatarwa: (1) Matsa hotuna kafin saka su (danna dama akan hotuna a PowerPoint kuma zaɓi “Damfara Hotuna”); (2) Yi amfani da ingantattun tsarin hoto na yanar gizo kamar JPEG don hotuna da PNG don zane-zane tare da bayanan gaskiya; (3) Sanya fonts maimakon haɗa su; (4) Cire nunin faifai da samfuran da ba a yi amfani da su ba; (5) A guji saka fayilolin bidiyo-maimakon haka, matsa su daban kuma ku haɗa su; (6) Yi amfani da zaɓin “Ajiye As” na PowerPoint tare da zaɓin “Rage Girman Fayil”. Don manyan gabatarwa, yi la’akari da raba su zuwa fayiloli da yawa ko amfani da ma’ajin gajimare tare da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.

Don haɗa bayanai a cikin ayyuka: (1) Don teburin bayanai na asali waɗanda ba za su buƙaci sake ƙididdige su ba, saka su kai tsaye a cikin takaddarku ko canza zuwa PDF; (2) Don bayanan hulɗa da ke buƙatar lissafi ko magudi, ƙaddamar da ainihin Excel (XLSX) ko fayil ɗin Google Sheets; (3) Don samun damar duniya ga ɗanyen bayanai, yi la’akari da tsarin CSV, wanda kusan kowane shirin maƙulli ko kayan bincike na bayanai za a iya buɗe shi; (4) Don manyan bayanan bayanai, yi la’akari da samar da duk albarkatun albarkatun (CSV) da fayil ɗin binciken ku (XLSX); (5) Koyaushe haɗa bayyanannun kanun labarai, raka’o’in ma’auni, da ambaton tushen bayanai ba tare da la’akari da tsari ba.

Don ambato da litattafai: (1) Yi amfani da software na sarrafa ƙididdiga kamar Zotero, Mendeley, ko EndNote don kiyaye daidaitaccen tsari; (2) Fitar da ƙididdiga a cikin tsarin da suka dace da mai sarrafa kalmarku (.bib don LaTeX, .xml don Kalma); (3) Ajiye littafin tarihin ku a cikin tsari iri ɗaya da takardar ku; (4) Don ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, yi la’akari da yin amfani da ɗakunan karatu da aka raba; (5) Koyaushe kiyaye ajiyar bayanan bayananku daban da takardar ku; (6) Lokacin ƙaddamar da takaddun ƙarshe, tabbatar da an shigar da nassoshi da kyau maimakon haɗa su zuwa fayilolin waje don hana ɓarna nassoshi.

Don tsarin sarrafa koyo (LMS) kamar Canvas, Blackboard, ko Moodle: (1) PDF shine mafi kyawun tsari don tabbatar da daidaiton kallo da hana gyarawa; (2) DOCX yana da tallafi ko’ina amma yana iya nunawa daban dangane da mai kallo; (3) Bincika iyakokin girman fayil – yawancin dandamali na LMS suna da matsakaicin girman lodawa (yawanci 10-100MB); (4) Don ayyukan multimedia, damfara bidiyo zuwa tsarin MP4 tare da matsakaicin bitrate; (5) Idan ƙaddamar da fayiloli da yawa, yi la’akari da haɗa su cikin rumbun ajiyar ZIP guda ɗaya; (6) Koyaushe tabbatar da ƙaddamarwarku ta bayyana daidai bayan lodawa ta amfani da fasalin “hangen karatu” idan akwai.

Don samun damar babban fayil na dijital na na’urar giciye: (1) Yi amfani da HTML/CSS masu amsa don fayilolin tushen yanar gizo; (2) Maida aikin ƙira zuwa PDF tare da haruffan da aka haɗa; (3) Yi amfani da MP4 don abun ciki na bidiyo tare da ɓoye H.264; (4) Haɓaka hotuna don daidaita inganci da girman fayil (JPEG don hotuna, PNG don zane-zane); (5) Gwada kan na’urori da yawa da masu bincike kafin rabawa; (6) Yi la’akari da ƙirƙirar nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan dubawa da matsawa don ɗaukar nauyi; (7) Haɗa madadin rubutu don abun ciki na gani; (8) Samar da hanyoyin zazzagewa don zaɓuɓɓukan kallon layi.

Don raba manyan fayiloli: (1) Yi amfani da ma’ajin gajimare da aka amince da su (Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox) tare da izinin raba daidai; (2) Matsa fayiloli ta amfani da tsarin ZIP ko RAR don rage girman; (3) Raba manyan fayiloli zuwa ƙananan sassa idan ya cancanta; (4) Don ayyukan bidiyo, ƙirƙirar nau’in da aka matsa don kallo mai sauƙi kuma bayar da sigar inganci akan buƙata; (5) Yi amfani da ayyukan canja wurin fayil waɗanda baya buƙatar masu karɓa don ƙirƙirar asusun; (6) Haɗa bayyanannun sunayen fayil da ƙungiya; (7) Tabbatar da hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo suna aiki kafin rabawa kuma saita kwanakin ƙarewa masu dacewa don tsaro.