Kulɛri yɔrɔw faamuyali jaw kɔnɔ: Gafe dafalen RGB, CMYK, LAB, HSL ani fɛn wɛrɛw kan

Kulɛri yɔrɔw faamuyali ja digitɛriw kɔnɔ

Aw ye gafe dafalen sɛgɛsɛgɛ kulɛriw misaliw, kulɛri yɔrɔw, ani u baarakɛcogo fotota, dilancogo ani ja digitɛriw la. Kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli master walasa ka nɔ dafalenw sɔrɔ minɛnw bɛɛ kɔnɔ.

RGB & CMYK ye

HSL & HSV ye baara kɛ

LAB & XYZ ye baara kɛ

YCbCr & YUV ye baara kɛ

Aw ye Kulɛri yɔrɔw suma ɲɔgɔn na Gafew minnu bɛ se ka baara kɛ

Gafe dafalen min bɛ ɲɛsin yɔrɔw ma minnu bɛ kulɛriw jira

Kulɛri yɔrɔw ye jatebɔ misaliw ye minnu b’a to an bɛ se ka kulɛriw jira ani k’u ɲɛfɔ tigitigi cogo la min bɛ kɛ cogo labɛnnen na. Kulɛri yɔrɔw faamuyali nafa ka bon fototalaw, dilanbagaw, wideyow labɛnbagaw ani mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ bolo min bɛ baara kɛ ni ja digitɛriw ye. Nin gafe in bɛ fɛn bɛɛ ɲɛfɔ, k’a ta hakilina jɔnjɔnw na ka se kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo kɔrɔw ma.

Mun na Kulɛri yɔrɔw nafa ka bon

Kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ kulɛriw lasegincogo ɲɛfɔ minɛnw ni kunnafonidilan suguya wɛrɛw kɔnɔ. U bɛ kulɛriw (gamut) hakɛ dantigɛ minnu bɛ se ka jira walima ka sɛbɛn, o bɛ nɔ bila i ka jaw tiɲɛni n’u ɲɛnamaya la. Ni kulɛri yɔrɔw ma ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ, i ka ja minnu dilannen don koɲuman, olu bɛ se ka kɛ cogo wɛrɛ la ka tɛmɛ i laɲini kan ni u lajɛra ɛkran wɛrɛw kan walima sɛbɛnw kan minnu sɛbɛnnen don.

Diɲɛ nizɛri bɛ a jigi da kulɛriw kumaɲɔgɔnya tigitigi kan. Ni i ye foto ta, ka ja dɔ ladilan, walima ka siti dɔ dilan, i bɛ baara kɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɔnɔ minnu bɛ kulɛri minnu bɛ sɔrɔ i bolo ani u jiracogo jatebɔcogo la, olu ɲɛfɔ. O kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ Kɛ i n’a fɔ diɲɛ bɛɛ kan min b’a To i ka bilenman ye bilen kelen ye mɔgɔ wɛrɛ ka ɛkran kan walima sɛbɛnni na.

A bɛ a to kulɛriw ka caya cogo kelen na minɛnw kɔnɔ
A bɛ kulɛri hakɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ i ka medium (medium) la, o caya
A bɛ kulɛri caman cili bali cogoya caman tigɛli waati
A nafa ka bon baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman na
A nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ ka ɲɛsin markaw ka ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ ma nizɛri ni sɛbɛnw kɔnɔ

Kulɛriw ni yɔrɔw faamuyali

Kulɛri Modeliw vs. Kulɛri yɔrɔw

Hali n’a ka teli ka baara kɛ ni ɲɔgɔn ye ɲɔgɔn fɛ, kulɛriw misaliw ni kulɛri yɔrɔw ye hakilinaw ye minnu tɛ kelen ye. Kulɛri modɛli ye hakilinata-jɛkulu ye min bɛ kulɛriw jira (i n’a fɔ RGB walima CMYK), k’a sɔrɔ kulɛri yɔrɔ ye kulɛri modɛli waleyali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye ni paramɛtɛrɛ ɲɛfɔlenw ye (i n’a fɔ sRGB walima Adobe RGB).

Miiri kulɛri modɛli la i n’a fɔ kulɛriw ɲɛfɔli fɛɛrɛ caman, i n’a fɔ k’a fɔ ko “yeelen bilenman, wuluwulu ani bulu ɲagaminen walasa ka kulɛriw dilan.” Kulɛri yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ sariya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw di: i ka kan ka baara kɛ ni bilen, wuluwulu ani bulu numan ye tigitigi, ani u ɲagami cogo tigitigi walasa ka nɔ bɔlenw sɔrɔ.

Kulɛri modɛliw bɛ kulɛri jiracogo karamɔgɔya ɲɛfɔ
Kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ paramɛtɛrɛ tigitigiw jira modɛli dɔ kɔnɔ
Kulɛri yɔrɔ caman bɛ se ka kɛ modɛli kelen kɔnɔ
Kulɛri yɔrɔw ye dancɛw ni fɛn caman tigɛli daɲɛw ɲɛfɔ

Kulɛri faralen ɲɔgɔn kan vs. Kulɛri bɔli

Kulɛriw misaliw bɛ tila-tila i n’a fɔ farali walima bɔli, ka kɛɲɛ n’u bɛ kulɛriw dilan cogo min na. Fàralen modɛliw (i n’a fɔ RGB) bɛ yeelen fara ɲɔgɔn kan walasa ka kulɛriw dilan, ka sɔrɔ modɛli minnu bɛ bɔli kɛ (i n’a fɔ CMYK) bɛ baara kɛ ni yeelen janyalenw minɛni ye.

Danfara jɔnjɔn bɛ u daminɛyɔrɔw la: kulɛri faralen bɛ daminɛ ni dibi ye (yeelen tɛ) ka yeelen kulɛrilen fara a kan walasa ka yeelen dilan, ka se finman ma ni kulɛri bɛɛ faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan ni fanga dafalen ye. Kulɛri bɔli bɛ daminɛ ni finman ye (i n’a fɔ ɲɛ lankolon) ka tintinw fara a kan minnu bɛ jikuru dɔw bɔ (b’u minɛ), ka se nɛrɛ ma ni kulɛriw bɛɛ farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni fanga dafalen ye.

Fɛn min bɛ fara a kan: RGB (ɛkranw, jiralanw nimɔrɔmaw) .
Jiginni: CMYK (sɛbɛnni, kunnafonidilan farikoloma) .
Baarakɛcogo suguya wɛrɛw bɛ fɛɛrɛw de wajibiya minnu tɛ kelen ye
Kulɛri jiginniw farali ni bɔli siratigɛw cɛ, o bɛ fɛn caman tigɛli de wajibiya

Kulɛri Gamut ani Bit Dugukolo

Kulɛri yɔrɔ dɔ ka gamut bɛ tali kɛ kulɛri suguya minnu na, a bɛ se ka minnu jira. Biti juguya de b’a Jira ko kulɛri danfaralen hakɛ min bɛ Se ka Jira o gamu kɔnɔ. O ko ninnu faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, u bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ dɔ sekow ɲɛfɔ.

Miiri gamut la i n’a fɔ kulɛriw paleti min bɛ sɔrɔ, ani bit depth i n’a fɔ o kulɛriw bɛ se ka ɲagami cogo min na ka ɲɛ. Gamut danmadɔ bɛ se ka kɛ ni kulɛri ɲɛnama dɔw tununna pewu, k’a sɔrɔ bitiki juguya bɛrɛbɛrɛ bɛ bandi yelenw dilan gradients kɔnɔ sanni ka transitions smooth. Tuma caman na, baarakɛlaw ka baara bɛ gamut caman ni bitiki jugumanba fila bɛɛ wajibiya walasa ka kunnafoni yetaw bɛɛ minɛ ani k’u jira.

Gamu minnu ka bon, olu bɛ se ka kulɛri ɲɛnama caman jira
Biti jugumanba minnu ka bon, olu bɛ sira Di gradients (yɔrɔw) nɔgɔlenw ma
8-bit = nivo 256 kanal kelen kɔnɔ (kulu miliyɔn 16,7) .
16-bit = nivo 65.536 kanal kelen kɔnɔ (kulu miliyari caman) .
A ka c’a la, baarakɛlaw ka baara bɛ yɔrɔ caman de wajibiya minnu kɔnɔna ka bon

RGB Kulɛri yɔrɔw ɲɛfɔra

RGB Kulɛri Modeli ye

RGB (Red, Green, Blue) ye kulɛri modɛli ye min bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan, yeelen bilenman, jɛman ani bulu bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan cogo caman na walasa ka kulɛri caman dilan. O ye nizɛri jiralanw jusigilan ye, k’a ta telefɔni seleke naani na ka taa a bila ɔridinatɛri kɔlɔsilikɛlaw ni telewisɔnw na.

RGB modɛli kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, kulɛri kan kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ baara kɛ ni bitiki 8 ye, o bɛ sira di nivo 256 ma kan kelen kɔnɔ. O bɛ kulɛri juguya dantigɛlen 24-bit (biti 8 × kanal 3) Dabɔ, min bɛ Se ka kulɛri miliyɔn 16,7 ɲɔgɔn Jira. Baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛminɛnw ka teli ka baara kɛ ni 10-bit (kulu miliyari 1 ni kɔ) walima 16-bit (kulɛri triliyɔn 281 ni kɔ) ye walasa ka kulɛriw sɛgɛsɛgɛli tigitigiw kɛ.

RGB sinsinnen bɛ hadamaden ka ɲɛnayeli-yɔrɔ ka jaabi kan yeelen na, ni kulɛri fɔlɔ saba bɛ bɛn kulɛri minɛbaga suguya saba (kɔniw) ma an ɲɛ na. O b’a to a bɛnnen don cogo la min bɛ kɛ nizɛri kɔnɔkow jirali ye, nka o kɔrɔ fana ye ko RGB kulɛri yɔrɔw danfaralenw bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn ta kosɛbɛ u hakɛ n’u cogoyaw la.

sRGB (RGB sariyalen) .

HP ni Microsoft ye a dabɔ san 1996, sRGB ye kulɛri yɔrɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ka caya ja digitɛriw la, kɔlɔsilikɛlaw ani ɛntɛrinɛti la. A bɛ 35% ɲɔgɔn datugu kulɛri yelenw na, wa a dabɔra ka bɛn so ni biro jiralanw ma minnu bɛ kɛ cogoya la.

Hali n’a ka gamu dan ka dɔgɔ, sRGB bɛ to ka kɛ sariya ye ɛntɛrinɛti kɔnɔkow ni feerekɛlaw ka fotota la k’a sababu kɛ a ka bɛnkan ye diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ. Minɛn fanba bɛ kalifa walasa ka sRGB jira ka ɲɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni u daminɛ ye, o b’a kɛ sugandili ye min lakananen don kosɛbɛ n’i b’a fɛ ka kulɛriw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma ɛkran suguya wɛrɛw kan k’a sɔrɔ kulɛriw ma ɲɛnabɔ.

sRGB kulɛri yɔrɔ in dabɔra ni laɲini ye ni gamu fitinin ye walasa ka bɛn CRT kɔlɔsilikɛlaw sekow ma kabini san 1990 waatiw. O dantigɛli in tora senna bi ɛntɛrinɛti ekosisɛti kɔnɔ, hali ni sariya kura bɛ ka ta dɔɔnin dɔɔnin a kɛrɛfɛ.

Kulɛri yɔrɔ dafalen don nizɛri kɔnɔkow fanba la
A bɛ a to a ka yecogo bɛ kɛ cogo kelen na minɛn fanba kɔnɔ
A ka ɲi kosɛbɛ ɛntɛrinɛti kɔnɔkow ni fototacogo bɛɛ lajɛlen na
A bɛ baara kɛ ni a ye ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw ka kamera ni telefɔni selilɛri fanba ye
A ka gamma hakɛ bɛ Taa 2,2 ɲɔgɔn na

Adobe RGB (1998) ye baara kɛ.

Adobe Systems de ye a dabɔ, Adobe RGB bɛ fɛn caman di ka tɛmɛ sRGB kan, a bɛ 50% ɲɔgɔn dafa kulɛri yelenw na. A dabɔra kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la walasa ka kulɛri fanba minɛ minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ CMYK kulɛri sɛbɛnnikɛlanw kan, o b’a to a nafa ka bon sɛbɛnni dilanni baarakɛcogo la.

Adobe RGB ka gamut bonyalen bɛ Kɔlɔsi kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la siyan-green kulɛriw la, minnu ka teli ka tigɛ sRGB kɔnɔ. O b’a to a ka di fototalaw ni dilanbaga ŋanaw ye minnu mago bɛ kulɛri ɲɛnamaw mara, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la sɛbɛnw bɔli kama.

Adobe RGB nafa jɔnjɔn dɔ ye a seko ye ka kulɛri saturalenw caman jira sigida la, n’o ye green-cyan ye, o min nafa ka bon dugukolo ja tacogo ni sigidako koɲɛw la. Nka, o nafa bɛ Sɔrɔ dɔrɔn ni baarakɛcogo bɛɛ (minɛ, sɛgɛsɛgɛli ani bɔli) bɛ Adobe RGB kulɛri yɔrɔ dɛmɛ.

Gamut ka bon ka tɛmɛ sRGB kan, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la jirisunw ni siyanw na
A ka fisa sɛbɛnnikɛlan dilanni baarakɛcogo la
A ka di fototalan ŋana caman ye
A bɛ sɔrɔ i n’a fɔ minɛcogo sugandilen kamera sanfɛtaw la
A bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli de wajibiya walasa ka jira ka ɲɛ

ProFoto RGB ye

Kodak ye min dabɔ, ProPhoto RGB (a bɛ fɔ fana ko ROMM RGB) ye RGB kulɛri yɔrɔba dɔ ye, min bɛ kulɛri yelenw 90% ɲɔgɔn lamini. A bɛ tɛmɛ hadamaden ka yeli hakɛ kan yɔrɔ dɔw la, o b’a to a bɛ se ka kamera bɛ se ka kulɛri minnu minɛ, a bɛ se ka fɔ ko olu bɛɛ mara.

K’a sababu kɛ a ka gamut belebele ye, ProPhoto RGB bɛ bitiki jugumanba de wajibiya (16-bit kanal kelen kɔnɔ sanni 8-bit ka kɛ) walasa ka a yɛrɛ tanga banding ma gradients kɔnɔ. A bɛ Kɛ fɔlɔ fotoko baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, ka Kɛɲɛ ni sɛbɛnmarayɔrɔw ye ani sɛbɛnni minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ.

ProPhoto RGB ye baarakɛyɔrɔ jɔnjɔn ye Adobe Lightroom kɔnɔ, wa a ka c’a la, a bɛ fɔ ka ɲɛsin kulɛri kunnafoni caman marali ma yiriwali raw senfɛ. A ka bon fo a kulɛri dɔw ye “miirili” ye (adamaden ka yeli kɔfɛ), nka o b’a To kamera minɛna kulɛri si tɛ tigɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli waati.

Gamut ka bon kosɛbɛ min bɛ kulɛri yelenw fanba datugu
Kulɛri minnu minɛna kamera sanfɛtaw fɛ, a bɛ olu mara
A bɛ baarakɛcogo 16-bit de wajibiya walasa ka bandiw bali
Baarakɛyɔrɔ dafalen Adobe Lightroom kɔnɔ
A ma bɛn lasecogo labanw ma ni fɛn caman tigɛli tɛ

Ɲɛjirali P3

Apple de ye a dabɔ, Display P3 sinsinnen bɛ DCI-P3 kulɛri yɔrɔ kan min bɛ kɛ sinema nizɛri la. A bɛ kulɛriw datugu 25% ɲɔgɔn na ka tɛmɛ sRGB kan, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la bilenmanw ni ɲɛgɛnw na, o b’a to jaw bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ u ɲɛnama don ani u bɛ ɲɛnamaya.

Display P3 ye ‘tàli Kɛ kosɛbɛ bari a bɛ Dɛmɛ Apple ka minɛnw fɛ, i n’a fɔ iPhone, iPad ani Mac minnu bɛ ni jiralan caman ye. A bɛ cɛmancɛ-yɔrɔ jira sRGB ni yɔrɔbaw cɛ i n’a fɔ Adobe RGB, ka kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔlenw di k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ bɛnkan bɛnnen mara.

P3 kulɛri yɔrɔ in dabɔra fɔlɔ sinema nizɛri jirali kama (DCI-P3), nka Apple y’a bɛrɛbɛn jiracogo fɛɛrɛ kama a kɛlen ka D65 yɔrɔ finman (o ni sRGB ye kelen ye) kɛ DCI yɔrɔ finman nɔ na. O b’a to a bɛ bɛn sigida ɲagaminenw ma k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ kulɛri ɲɛnamaw di hali bi kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ sRGB kan.

Wide gamut ni coverage ɲumanba ye reds ni greens kan
A bɔra Apple ka Retina jiralanw ni telefɔni selilɛriw la
Dɛmɛ min bɛ ka bonya nizɛrikan na
A bɛ baara kɛ ni yɔrɔ finman kelen ye (D65) ni sRGB ye
Ka kɛ nafama ye ka taa a fɛ bi ɛntɛrinɛti ni porogaramuw dilanni na

Rec.2020 (BT.2020) Bamako, Mali.

A dabɔra telewisɔn ultra-high-definition (UHDTV) kama, Rec.2020 bɛ kulɛri yetaw 75% ni kɔ lamini. A ka bon kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ sRGB ni Adobe RGB fila bɛɛ kan, a bɛ kulɛriw lasegincogo danfaralen di 4K ni 8K kɔnɔkow ma.

Hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ ko jiralan damadɔw bɛ se ka Rec.2020 gamut dafalen lasegin sisan, a bɛ kɛ sariya ye min bɛ ɲɛtaa lajɛ wideyow dilanni ni u mastering sanfɛtaw la. Ni jiracogo fɛɛrɛ bɛ ka taa ɲɛ, minɛn caman bɛ ka gɛrɛ o kulɛri yɔrɔba in na.

Rec.2020 ye diɲɛ sariyasen dɔ ye Ultra HDTV kan, wa a bɛ baara kɛ ni High Dynamic Range (HDR) fɛɛrɛw ye i n’a fɔ HDR10 ani Dolby Vision. A ka gamu min ka bon kosɛbɛ, o bɛ baara Kɛ ni kulɛri fɔlɔw ye minnu ɲɛ ye kelen ye (467nm bulu, 532nm jɛman, ani 630nm bilen) minnu bɛ spektrum yelen da kɛrɛfɛ, o b’a To a bɛ se ka kulɛri minnu bɛɛ Lamini hadamadenw bɛ Se ka minnu Dɔn.

Gamut ka bon kosɛbɛ ka ɲɛsin ultra-high-definition kɔnɔkow ma
Siniɲɛsigi-dafalen sariya min bɛ jiracogo fɛɛrɛ kura bɔlenw na
A bɛ kɛ ni videyo dilanni baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo ye
HDR ekosisɛti yɔrɔ dɔ ye wideyow bɔnsɔn nataw kama
Sisan, jiralan si tɛ Se ka Rec.2020 gamut dafalen Lasegin

CMYK Kulɛri yɔrɔw ani sɛbɛnniw dilanni

CMYK Kulɛri Modèle

CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black) ye kulɛri bɔlen ye min bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ sɛbɛnni na. A tɛ i n’a fɔ RGB, min bɛ yeelen fara a kan walasa ka kulɛriw dilan, CMYK bɛ baara kɛ ni jikuru dɔw minɛni (bɔ) ye yeelen finman na, ka baara kɛ ni tintinw ye papiye kan walima fɛn wɛrɛw kan.

A ka c’a la, CMYK ka gamut ka dɔgɔ ni RGB kulɛri yɔrɔw ye, o de y’a to ja digitɛri ɲɛnamaw bɛ ye tuma dɔw la ni u sɛbɛnnen don. RGB ni CMYK cɛsira faamuyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ dilanbagaw ni fototalaw bolo minnu bɛ kɔnɔkow dilan kunnafonidilanw ni kunnafonidilanw bɛɛ kama.

Hakilila la, ni siyan, magenta ani jɛman farala ɲɔgɔn kan fanga dafalen na, o ka kan ka kɛ nɛrɛmuguma ye, nka nɔgɔw kosɔn diɲɛ tintinw kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, o bɛ na ni bɔgɔmugu dibiman ye. O de kama, tintiri nɛrɛma (K) danfaralen bɛ fara a kan, ka nɛrɛ lakikaw di ani ka biɲɛw ɲɛfɔli ɲɛ. “K” kɔrɔ ye “Key” ye bawo plati nɛrɛma bɛ kilisi kunnafoni ni ɲɔgɔndan di kulɛri tɔw ma laadala sɛbɛnni na.

Paper suguya wɛrɛw, sɛbɛnni kɛcogo, ani tintin dilanni bɛ se ka nɔba bila CMYK kulɛriw bɛ bɔ cogo min na bɔli laban na. O de y’a to sɛbɛnnikɛlan baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo bɛ tali kɛ kosɛbɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli la ani CMYK ka fɛnsɛbɛnni sariyalenw na minnu bɛ bɛn fɛn dilanni sigida kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ma.

Standard CMYK Kulɛri yɔrɔw

A tɛ i n’a fɔ RGB, min ye kulɛri yɔrɔw ɲɛfɔ ka jɛya i n’a fɔ sRGB ani Adobe RGB, CMYK kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ danfaraba don ka kɛɲɛ ni sɛbɛnni cogoyaw ye, papiye suguyaw ani tintiriw dilanni ye. CMYK ka sariyakolo minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na, olu dɔw ye:

U.S. Web Coated (SWOP) v2. Bamako, Mali – Sariya min bɛ kɛ ka web offset sɛbɛnni kɛ Ameriki Woroduguyanfan na
FOGRA39 (ISO 12647-2:2004) min datugulen don. – Erɔpu jamanaw ka sariyasun min bɛ papiye dabɔlenw kan
Japon Kulɛri 2001 Coated – Standard min bɛ kɛ ka offset sɛbɛnni kɛ Zapɔn jamana na
GRACoL 2006 A dabɔra – Jagokɛlaw ka sɛbɛnnikɛcogo ɲumanw ɲɛfɔcogo
FOGRA27 – Sariya min bɛ kɛ papiye dabɔlenw kan Erɔpu jamanaw na (kɔrɔlen) .
U.S. Sheetfed ka fɛn dilannenw v2 – Ka ɲɛsin sɛbɛnfura-fed offset sɛbɛnni ma papiye datugulen kan
U.S. A ma datugu v2 – Ka sɛbɛnni kɛ papiyew kan minnu ma datugu
FOGRA47 ye – Ka ɲɛsin papiye ma min ma datugu Erɔpu jamanaw na

RGB ka kɛ CMYK ye

Yɛlɛma ka bɔ RGB la ka taa CMYK la, o bɛ jatebɔ kulɛri caman cili ni gamut karti fila bɛɛ de wajibiya, bawo CMYK tɛ se ka RGB kulɛri bɛɛ lasegin. O wale in, n’a bɛ fɔ a ma ko kulɛri caman cili, o ye sɛbɛnnikɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo kɔrɔba ye.

RGB ka CMYK jiginni ye ko gɛlɛn ye bawo a bɛ fɛn caman tigɛli kɛ ka bɔ farali la ka taa kulɛri bɔlen modeli la k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ kulɛriw kariti kɛ waati kelen na ka bɔ gamut belebeleba la ka taa gamu fitinin dɔ la. Ni kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman tɛ, buluw ni wuluwulu ɲɛnamaw RGB kɔnɔ, olu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ ɲɛ ani ka kɛ bɔgɔ ye CMYK kɔnɔ, bilenmanw bɛ se ka wuli ka taa oranjɛ fan fɛ, wa kulɛri caman ɲɔgɔnna caman bɛ se ka tunun.

A bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo fɛɛrɛw de wajibiya walasa ka tiɲɛni kɛ
A ka kan ka kɛ ni ICC ka kunnafonidisɛbɛnw ye walasa ka ɲɛtaa ɲuman sɔrɔ
Tuma caman na, a bɛ kulɛri ɲɛnamaw cogoya Changer
A kɛra ka ɲɛ kosɛbɛ kɔfɛ baarakɛcogo la
Soft proofing bɛ se ka CMYK yecogo lajɛ fɔlɔ RGB jiralanw kan
Rendering intents danfaralenw bɛ na ni nɔ wɛrɛw ye

Spot Kulɛriw ani Gamut janyalen

Walasa ka se sɔrɔ CMYK ka dantigɛliw kan, sɛbɛnni bɛ kɛ tuma caman na ni kulɛri nɔgɔlenw ye (i n’a fɔ Pantone) walima gamut systems extendues minnu bɛ enki oranjɛ, wuluwulu ani violet (CMYK+OGV) fara a kan walasa ka kulɛriw caya minnu bɛ se ka lasegin.

Spot kulɛriw ye enki ɲagaminen kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye minnu bɛ kɛ walasa ka kulɛriw bɛn tigitigi, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw taamasiyɛn i n’a fɔ logow. A tɛ i n’a fɔ CMYK baarakɛcogo kulɛriw minnu bɛ dabɔ ni enki jɔnjɔn naani nɔw faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan, nɔgɔ kulɛriw bɛ kɔn ka ɲagami ka kɛɲɛ ni formula tigitigi ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ dafalen sɔrɔ sɛbɛnw bɛɛ kɔnɔ.

Pantone Matching System bɛ yɔrɔw kulɛriw di minnu bɛ bɛn sariya ma
Gamu janyalen sɛbɛnni bɛ gɛrɛ RGB kulɛri hakɛ la
Hexachrome ni sistɛmu wɛrɛw bɛ enki fɔlɔ wɛrɛw fara u kan
A nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ marka kulɛri tiɲɛni na pakew dilanni ni u feereli la
CMYK + Orange, Green, Violet (kulɛri 7) sitɛmuw bɛ se ka Pantone kulɛriw lasegin fo ka se 90% ma
Bi sɛbɛnnikɛlan nimɔrɔmaw ka teli ka dɛmɛ don sɛbɛnnikɛcogo la min bɛ se ka caya

Lab ani Device-Independent Kulɛri yɔrɔw

Kulɛri Modeli minnu tɛ minɛnw ye

RGB ni CMYK tɛ kelen ye, minnu bɛ tali kɛ minɛnw na (u yecogo bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ye), kulɛri yɔrɔw minnu tɛ minɛnw ye i n’a fɔ CIE L*a*b* (Lab) ani CIE XYZ, olu laɲini ye ka kulɛriw ɲɛfɔ i n’a fɔ u bɛ ye cogo min na hadamaden ɲɛ fɛ, u jiracogo walima u lasegincogo mana kɛ cogo o cogo.

O kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ kɛ bi kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo jusigilan ye, u bɛ kɛ “dugukolo bamanankan baarakɛla” ye minɛn suguya caman ni kulɛri misaliw cɛ. U sinsinnen bɛ hadamadenw ka kulɛri faamuyali dɔnniya faamuyali kan sanni ka da minɛnw seko kan.

Kulɛri yɔrɔw minnu tɛ minɛnw ta, olu nafa ka bon bawo u bɛ kunnafoni sabatilen di kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli baarakɛcogo la. Hali ni RGB hakɛ kelenw bɛ se ka kɛ cogo wɛrɛ la monitor (kɔlɔsilikɛlan) suguya caman kan, Lab kulɛri hakɛ bɛ kulɛri faamuyalen kelen jira minɛn mana kɛ min o min ye. O de y’a to Lab bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ Profile Connection Space (PCS) ICC kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli la, ka fɛn caman tigɛli nɔgɔya kulɛri yɔrɔw danfaralenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ.

CIE XYZ Kulɛri yɔrɔ

A dabɔra san 1931 diɲɛ yeelenko tɔnba fɛ (CIE), XYZ kulɛri yɔrɔ tun ye kulɛri yɔrɔ fɔlɔ ye min ɲɛfɔra jatebɔ fɛ. A bɛ kulɛriw bɛɛ Lamini minnu bɛ Ye hadamaden ɲɛ gansan fɛ, wa a bɛ Kɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ wɛrɛw jusigilan ye.

XYZ kɔnɔ, Y bɛ yeelen jira, k’a sɔrɔ X ni Z ye nafaw ye minnu tɛ fɛn ye minnu bɛ tali kɛ kulɛri yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ wele ko chromatic components. O yɔrɔ in bɛ Kɛ fɔlɔ i n’a fɔ ‘sènfɛ-sɛbɛnni sariya wa a man teli ka Kɛ ja tilennenw kofɔli ye. A tora a jɔyɔrɔba ye kulɛri dɔnniya la ani kulɛri caman caman cili basigi.

CIE XYZ kulɛri yɔrɔ bɔra k’a lajɛ minnu kɛra hadamadenw ka kulɛri faamuyali kan. Ɲininikalaw ye karti Kɛ cogo min na mɔgɔ gansan bɛ yeelen janya danfaralenw Dɔn, ka fɛn dɔ Dabɔ min bɛ Weele ko CIE 1931 kulɛri yɔrɔ, min kɔnɔ, “so-yɔrɔ-ko” chromaticity diagram tɔgɔba in bɛ yen min bɛ kulɛriw bɛɛ karti minnu bɛ Se ka Ye hadamadenw fɛ.

Dɔnniya kulɛri sumani jusigilan
A bɛ hadamadenw ka kulɛriw bɛɛ lajɛlen lamini
A bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ fɛn min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin kulɛri caman caman cili ma
A sinsinnen bɛ hadamadenw ka kulɛri faamuyali sumanikɛlanw kan
A dabɔra ni kɔlɔsilikɛla ka misali jɔnjɔn ye

CIE Lab* (Lab) Kulɛri yɔrɔ

A dabɔra san 1976, CIE L*a*b* (a ka c’a la, a bɛ fɔ a ma dɔrɔn ko “Lab”) dabɔra ka kɛ hakilinata kelen ye, o kɔrɔ ye ko yɔrɔjan kelenw kulɛri yɔrɔ la, o bɛ bɛn kulɛri danfara faamuyalenw ma minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma. O b’a to a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ kulɛri danfara sumani na ani kulɛri latilenni kɛli la.

Lab kɔnɔ, L* bɛ nɔgɔya jira (0-100), a* bɛ aksidan bilenman jira, ani b* bɛ aksidan bulu-jɛman jira. O nɔgɔya ni kulɛri kunnafoniw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o b’a to Lab nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ ja labɛnni baara la i n’a fɔ danfara ladilanni k’a sɔrɔ a ma nɔ bila kulɛriw la.

Lab ka hakilinata kelen-kelen b’a to a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ kulɛri latilenni ni jogoɲini na. Ni kulɛri fila ni jatebɔ danfara fitinin bɛ Lab nafaw la, u bɛna kɛ danfara dɔɔnin dɔrɔn ye hadamaden kɔlɔsibagaw fɛ. O nafolo in tɛ tiɲɛ ye RGB walima CMYK la, yɔrɔ min na jatebɔ danfara kelen bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn caman yeli ye minnu bɛ ye ka kɛɲɛ ni kulɛriw bɛ yɔrɔ min na kulɛri yɔrɔ la.

Hakilila kelen ye walasa ka kulɛri sumani tigitigi
A bɛ nɔgɔya ni kulɛri kunnafoniw faranfasi
A bɛ kɛ ja labɛnni ni kulɛri ladilanni ɲɛtaa la
ICC ka kulɛri ɲɛnabɔli baarakɛcogo koloma
Ka se ka kulɛriw jira RGB ni CMYK gamut kɔkan
A bɛ kɛ ka Delta-E kulɛri danfara jatebɔw kɛ

CIE Luv* Kulɛri Yɔrɔ

CIE L*u*v* dabɔra L*a*b* kɛrɛfɛ i n’a fɔ kulɛri yɔrɔ wɛrɛ min bɛ kɛ ni hakili ye. A nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la baarakɛminɛnw na minnu bɛ tali kɛ kulɛri faralenw ɲagamini ni jirali la, k’a sɔrɔ L*a*b* ka fisa tuma caman na kulɛri bɔli siratigɛw la i n’a fɔ sɛbɛnni.

I n’a fɔ Lab, L*u*v* bɛ L* Kɛ nɔgɔya kama, k’a sɔrɔ u* ni v* ye chromaticity coordinates ye. O kulɛri yɔrɔ in bɛ kɛ telewisɔn ka kunnafonidilanw na ani kulɛri danfara jatebɔw la jiracogo fɛɛrɛw la.

Danfaraba dɔ min bɛ L*a*b* ni L*u*v* cɛ, o ye ko L*u*v* dabɔra kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la walasa ka kulɛriw ni yeelen bɔlenw ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ. A bɛ se ka kulɛriw jira kulɛriw cogoya la minnu bɛ se ka tali kɛ nɔgɔya la ni kulɛri jatebɔw ye minnu bɛ kɛ kulɛri jateminɛ ni yeelenko la.

A bɛnnen don kosɛbɛ kulɛri faralenw kɛli ma
A bɛ kɛ telewisɔn ni kunnafonidilanw na
A bɛ kulɛri danfara sumanikɛlan kelenw di
A ka fisa ka ɲɛsin emissive kulɛriw ma ani yeelenko dilancogo ma
Kulɛri funteni kariti min bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na, o fana sen bɛ o la

HSL, HSV, ani Hakilila Kulɛri yɔrɔw

Kulɛri jiracogo min bɛ kɛ ni hakili ye

K’a sɔrɔ RGB ni CMYK bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛfɔ kulɛriw ɲagaminen fɔlɔ siratigɛ la, HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) ani HSV/HSB (Hue, Saturation, Value/Brightness) bɛ kulɛriw jira cogo la min bɛ hadamadenw ka miiri kulɛriw kan cogo min na, o bɛ faamuya kosɛbɛ.

O yɔrɔw bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔw (hue) fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka bɔ fanga cogoyaw la (saturation ani lightness/brightness), o b’a to u nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kulɛri sugandili la, UI dilancogo la, ani seko ni dɔnko baarakɛcogo la, yɔrɔ minnu na kulɛri ladilanni hakililata nafa ka bon.

HSL ni HSV nafa jɔnjɔn ye ko u bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma kosɛbɛ ni mɔgɔw bɛ miiri cogo min na u yɛrɛ la ani u bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛfɔ cogo min na. Ni mɔgɔ dɔ b’a fɛ ka “bulu dibiman” walima “bilen ɲɛnama” da, a bɛ miiri kulɛri, saturasiyɔn ani yeelenko siratigɛ la—a tɛ miiri RGB nafaw siratigɛ la. O de y’a to kulɛriw tabaga minnu bɛ dilan porogaramuw kɔnɔ, olu ka teli ka RGB sliderw ni HSL/HSV suganditaw fila bɛɛ jira.

HSL Kulɛri yɔrɔ

HSL bɛ kulɛriw jira silinda coordinate system kɔnɔ, Hue bɛ kɛ kɛrɛ ye (0-360°) min bɛ kulɛri suguya jira, Saturation (0-100%) bɛ kulɛri fanga jira, ani Lightness (0-100%) bɛ kulɛri yeelen walima dibi jira cogo min na.

HSL nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la dilancogo baarakɛcogo la bawo a paramɛtiriw bɛ kariti kɛ cogo la min bɛ se ka faamuya an bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛfɔ cogo min na. A bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ɛntɛrinɛti yiriwali la CSS fɛ, yɔrɔ min na kulɛriw bɛ se ka ɲɛfɔ ni hsl() baarakɛcogo ye. O b’a To kulɛriw dabɔli ani kulɛriw ladilanni bɛ Kɛ ‘interface (yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ-ko, active, wdfl) ye kosɛbɛ.

Hue: A basigilen kulɛri (bilen, jɛman, jɛman, a ɲɔgɔnnaw) .
Saturation: Kulɛri fanga bɛ bɔ jɛman na (0%) ka se kulɛri saniyalen ma (100%) .
Yeelen: Yeelen bɛ bɔ nɛrɛ la (0%) ka taa kulɛri la ka taa finman na (100%) .
A ka ca a la ɛntɛrinɛti dilanni na ani CSS kulɛriw ɲɛfɔli la
Kɛnɛya min ka bon (100%) o bɛ fin Bɔ tuma bɛɛ a ɲɛ mana Kɛ min o min ye
Modeli simetriki ni cɛmancɛ yeelen (50%) ye kulɛri saniyalenw kama

HSV/HSB Kulɛri yɔrɔ

HSV (a bɛ fɔ fana ko HSB) ni HSL bɔlen don nka a bɛ baara kɛ ni Value/Brightness ye Lightness nɔ na. HSV la, yeelenba (100%) bɛ kulɛri dafalen di a ma kɛ saturasiyɔn ye, k’a sɔrɔ HSL la, yeelen camanba bɛ fin bɔ tuma bɛɛ.

A ka c’a la, HSV modɛli ka fisa kulɛriw tacogo ɲɛnabɔyɔrɔw la bawo a bɛ karti kɛ ka ɲɛ kosɛbɛ dɔnkotigiw ka kulɛriw ni penti ɲagaminen cogo min na—a bɛ daminɛ ni nɛrɛ ye (yeelen/nafa tɛ) ani ka kulɛri fara a kan walasa ka kulɛriw dilan minnu bɛ bonya ka taa a fɛ. A bɛ faamuya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la walasa ka kulɛri dɔ bonya ni a tonw dilan k’a sɔrɔ a ɲɛda cogoya min bɛ ye, o mara.

Hue: A basigilen kulɛri (bilen, jɛman, jɛman, a ɲɔgɔnnaw) .
Saturation: Kulɛri fanga bɛ bɔ finman/bilen na (0%) ka se kulɛri saniyalen ma (100%) .
Nafa/Yelen: A fanga ka bɔ nɛrɛ la (0%) ka se kulɛri dafalen ma (100%) .
A ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ ni ja dilancogo porogaramuw ye minnu bɛ kulɛriw ta
Nafa maksimali (100%) bɛ kulɛri dafalen Bɔ a fanga bonya la
A ka nɔgɔn ka tɛmɛn ka ɲɛsin numanw ni tonw dabɔli ma

Munsell Kulɛri Sistɛmu

Munsell ka sigida ye tariku hakililata kulɛri yɔrɔ ye min bɛ kulɛriw labɛn cogo saba la: kulɛri, nafa (nɔgɔya), ani chroma (kulu saniya). A dabɔra walasa ka fɛɛrɛ labɛnnen dɔ di kulɛriw ɲɛfɔli ma min sinsinnen bɛ hadamadenw ka faamuyali kan.

O cogoya in dabɔra san kɛmɛ 20nan daminɛ na, karamɔgɔ Albert H. Munsell fɛ, a kɛra fɛn caman tigɛli ye bawo a kɛra fɔlɔw dɔ ye minnu ye kulɛriw labɛn ka da hakilijagabɔ kelen kan sanni ka da farikolo cogoyaw kan. A tɛ i n’a fɔ bi kulɛri yɔrɔw nizɛri, a tun ye sigida farikoloma ye min tun bɛ baara kɛ ni kulɛri puwɛnti pentalenw ye minnu labɛnna yɔrɔ saba la.

A bɛ kɔn nizɛri kulɛri modɛliw ɲɛ nka a bɛ baara kɛ hali bi foro dɔw la
A ye nɔ bila bi kulɛri teori yiriwali la
A bɛ baara kɛ hali bi dugukolo danfara la, seko ni dɔnko kalanni na, ani kulɛri sɛgɛsɛgɛli la
A sinsinnen bɛ hakilinata-yɔrɔw danfara kan sanni ka da jatebɔ-fɔcogo kan
A bɛ kulɛriw labɛn jiri-yɔrɔ la ni kulɛri ye min bɛ bɔ cɛmancɛ-yɔrɔ dɔ la

HCL Kulɛri yɔrɔ

HCL (Hue, Chroma, Luminance) ye kulɛri yɔrɔ ye min bɛ HSL ka hakililata cogoya ni Lab ka hakilinata kelen-kelen bɛɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan. A nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kulɛriw ni jirisunw dabɔli la minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ u bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma yeelen ni fasa jateminɛlenw na.

Hali n’a ma waleya kosɛbɛ porozɛw kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ HSL walima HSV, HCL (a bɛ fɔ fana ko LCh ni paramɛtɛrɛw bɛ sigi sen kan cogo wɛrɛ la) bɛ ka diya kosɛbɛ yecogo ni kunnafonidilanw dilanni na bawo a bɛ kulɛri sɛgɛsɛgɛliw dilan minnu bɛ bɛn hakililata ma. O nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ kunnafonidilanw jirali la yɔrɔ min na kulɛri bɛ kɛ ka nafaw jira.

Hakilila kelen-kelen bɛɛ tɛ i n’a fɔ HSL/HSV
A ka ɲi kosɛbɛ walasa ka kulɛri balansi basigilenw dilan
A sinsinnen bɛ Lab kulɛri yɔrɔ kan nka ni koordinatɛri polari ye
Baara bɛ kɛ ni a ye ka taa a fɛ kunnafonidilanw jirali ni kunnafoniw dilanni na
A bɛ kulɛriw dilan minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma ani minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma kosɛbɛ

YCbCr ani Wideyo Kulɛri yɔrɔw

Luminance-Chrominance (Kɔrɔmu-Kɔrɔmu) faranfasi

Wideyo ni ja sɛgɛsɛgɛli siraw ka teli ka baara kɛ ni kulɛri yɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ yeelen (yeelen) ni kulɛri (kulu) kunnafoniw fara ɲɔgɔn kan. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ nafa sɔrɔ hadamaden ka ɲɛnayeli-minɛn ka kɛnɛyako kunnafoni-falen-falenba la ka tɛmɛ kulɛri caman ɲɔgɔnnabɔli kan.

Ni yeelenko kofɔli ye ni ɲɛfɔli ye min ka bon ka tɛmɛ chrominance yɔrɔw kan, o yɔrɔw bɛ se ka kunnafonidilanw degunba kɛ k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ ja cogoya faamuyalen mara. O ye wideyow cogoya nizɛri fanba jusigilan ye ani compression technologies.

Adamaden ka ɲɛnayeli kɛcogo bɛ fɛn caman dɔn ni yeelen caman yeli ye ka tɛmɛ a kulɛri caman yeli kan. O tiɲɛ biologiki in bɛ nafa sɔrɔ wideyow sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, u kɛtɔ ka bandwidth caman di yeelen kunnafoniw ma ka tɛmɛ kulɛri kan. O fɛɛrɛ in, n’o bɛ Weele ko chroma subsampling, o bɛ Se ka dosiyew hakɛ Dɔgɔya ni 50% ye walima ka Tɛmɛ o kan k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ yecogo ɲuman mara min bɛ i n’a fɔ a ni sɔrɔyɔrɔ min ma Dòn a la, o bɛ Taa ɲɔgɔn fɛ.

YCbCr Kulɛri Yɔrɔ

YCbCr ye kulɛri yɔrɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ka caya wideyow ni ja nimɔrɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛli la. Y bɛ yeelen jira, k’a sɔrɔ Cb ni Cr ye bulu-danfara ni bilen-danfara chrominance yɔrɔw ye. Nin yɔrɔ in ni YUV bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ nka a bɛrɛbɛnna nizɛri sistɛmuw kama.

JPEG ja, MPEG wideyow, ani wideyow cogoya nizɛri fanba bɛ baara kɛ ni YCbCr kodɔn ye. “Chroma subsampling” (Cb ni Cr kanw ka ɲɛfɔli dɔgɔyali) kɛcogo sariyalen o cogoyaw la, o bɛ se ka kɛ k’a sababu kɛ yeelen-chrominance farali ye.

A ka c’a la, chroma subsampling bɛ jira ni jateden saba hakɛ ye, i n’a fɔ 4:2:0 walima 4:2:2. 4:2:0 subsampling kɔnɔ (a ka ca a la streaming video kɔnɔ), luminance samples naani o naani, chrominance samples fila dɔrɔn de bɛ sɔrɔ horizontalement, si tɛ vertically. O bɛ dɔ bɔ kulɛriw ɲɛfɔli la ka se yeelenbɔcogo tilancɛ kelen ma, o bɛ dɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ dosiye hakɛ la k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ jogo ɲuman faamuyalen mara.

Baara bɛ kɛ ni a ye videyo nizɛri cogoya bɛɛ la
JPEG ja sɛgɛsɛgɛli jusigilan
A bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka chroma subsampling (4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4) kɛ ka ɲɛ (4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4) .
Yɔrɔ suguya wɛrɛw bɛ yen videyo sariya suguya wɛrɛw kama
A bɛ Kɛ ni H.264, H.265, VP9 ani AV1 kodekiw ye

YUV Kulɛri Yɔrɔ

YUV dabɔra telewisɔn analogique sitɛmuw kama walasa ka kɔfɛ bɛnkan di kulɛri ni nɛrɛ ni nɛrɛma fɔlisenw cɛ. I n’a fɔ YCbCr, a bɛ yeelen (Y) ni chrominance (U ni V) yɔrɔw fara ɲɔgɔn kan.

Hali ni YUV bɛ fɔ tuma caman na kumakan na walasa ka ɲɛfɔli kɛ yeelen-krominance cogoya suguya bɛɛ kan, YUV lakika kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen don telewisɔn analog sariyaw ma. Bi nizɛri sigidaw bɛ baara kɛ ni YCbCr ye caman na, hali ni daɲɛw bɛ ɲagami tuma caman na walima u bɛ baara kɛ ni u ye ɲɔgɔn fɛ.

YUV yiriwali fɔlɔ kɛra ɛntɛrinɛti seko kabakoma ye min ye telewisɔn kulɛri taamasiyɛnw bɔli gɛlɛya ɲɛnabɔ k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ bɛn telewisɔn nɛrɛma ni nɛrɛma kɔrɔw ma. U kɛtɔ ka kunnafoni kulɛrilenw kodɔn cogo la, telewisɔn nɛrɛma ni nɛrɛma bɛna u janto min na, ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw ye fɛɛrɛ dɔ da, min kɔnɔ, kunnafoni kelen bɛ se ka lajɛ seti suguya fila bɛɛ kan.

Tariku nafa ka bon telewisɔn ka kunnafonidilanw yiriwali la
Tuma caman na, a bɛ fɔ cogo jugu la i n’a fɔ daɲɛ caman fɔcogo YCbCr kan
Fɛn suguya wɛrɛw bɛ yen telewisɔn analozi sariyaw danfaralenw na
PAL, NTSC ani SECAM sitɛmuw tun bɛ baara kɛ ni YUV waleyali suguya wɛrɛw ye
A kɛra sababu ye ka kɔsegin bɛnkan sɔrɔ ni telewisɔn nɛrɛmuguma ni nɛrɛma ye

Rec.709 ani HD Wideyo

Rec.709 (ITU-R Recommendation BT.709) bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ ni kodeli paramɛtiriw ɲɛfɔ telewisɔn ɲɛfɔliba la. A bɛ RGB fɔlɔw ni YCbCr kodeli fila bɛɛ ɲɛfɔ HD kɔnɔkow kama, ni gamut ye min ni sRGB bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na.

Nin sariya in bɛ bɛnkan sabati HD wideyow dilanni n’u jirali la minɛnw ni kunnafonidilanw danfaralenw kɔnɔ. A bɛ ɲɛfɔli kɛ kulɛri fɔlɔw kan, fɛnw jiginni baarakɛcogo (gamma), ani matiriyali coefficients (matrix coefficients) RGB jiginni na ka kɛ YCbCr ye.

Rec.709 sigira senkan san 1990 waatiw la i n’a fɔ HDTV sariyasun, a tɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ dɔrɔn jira nka a bɛ frame rates, resolution ani aspect ratios fana jira. A ka gamma curve (gamma curve) ni sRGB (sRGB) tɛ kelen ye dɔɔnin, hali n’u bɛ kulɛri fɔlɔw Kɛ kelen ye. K’a sɔrɔ Rec.709 tun ye fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya a waati la, sariya kura i n’a fɔ Rec.2020 ani HDR cogoyaw bɛ kulɛriw ni fanga caman di kosɛbɛ.

Kulɛri yɔrɔ standard telewisɔn HD kama
Gamut ni sRGB bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na nka ni kodɔn tɛ kelen ye
A bɛ kɛ Blu-ray disikiw ni HD laseliw la
A bɛ fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ ɲɛfɔ min tɛ sinsinni ye (gamma) .
Ka fara HDR sariyaw kan i n’a fɔ PQ ani HLG

Wideyo min ka bon kosɛbɛ

Wideyo min bɛ wele ko High Dynamic Range (HDR) o bɛ laadala wideyow kulɛriw ni u yeelen hakɛ fila bɛɛ bonya. Sariya minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ HDR10, Dolby Vision, ani HLG (Hybrid Log-Gamma) olu bɛ nin yɔrɔba in kodɔncogo n’a jiracogo ɲɛfɔ.

A ka c’a la, HDR wideyow bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnw jiginni baarakɛcogo kura ye (EOTF) i n’a fɔ PQ (Perceptual Quantizer, standardized as SMPTE ST 2084) minnu bɛ se ka yeelen hakɛ caman jira ka tɛmɛ laadala gamma curves kan. Ni o farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni kulɛri caman ye i n’a fɔ P3 walima Rec.2020, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka filɛli kɛcogo ye min bɛ kɛ tiɲɛ na kosɛbɛ ani min bɛ mɔgɔ su ji la.

Danfara min bɛ SDR ni HDR kɔnɔkow cɛ, o ka bon kosɛbɛ – HDR bɛ se ka fɛn bɛɛ jira k’a ta biɲɛ jugumanw na ka se fɛn jɛlenw ma minnu bɛ yeelen bɔ, o bɛ tali kɛ fɛn kelen na, i n’a fɔ hadamaden ɲɛ bɛ ɲɛjirali lakikaw faamuya cogo min na. O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka bɛnkanw bɔ kɛnɛ kan ani ka se ka fɛn caman kɛ, minnu kɛra wajibi ye filimu ni wideyow tariku bɛɛ kɔnɔ.

A bɛ kulɛriw ni yeelen hakɛ fila bɛɛ bonya
A bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnw jiginni baarakɛcogo kura ye i n’a fɔ PQ ani HLG
HDR10 bɛ 10-bit kulɛri di ni static metadata ye
Dolby Vision bɛ 12-bit kulɛri di ni scene-by-cene metadata ye
HLG dabɔra walasa ka kunnafonidilanw ka bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma

Kulɛri yɔrɔw sumalen ɲɔgɔn na

Kulɛri yɔrɔw ka ɲɛ

Nin sangaɲɔgɔnma in bɛ jogo jɔnjɔnw jira ani baarakɛcogo minnu bɛ kɛ kulɛri yɔrɔw la minnu ka ca kosɛbɛ. O danfara ninnu faamuyali nafa ka bon walasa ka kulɛri yɔrɔ bɛnnen sugandi i mago kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kama.

RGB Kulɛri yɔrɔw sangali

sRGB: 1 . Gamut fitinin, standard for web, diɲɛ bɛɛ ka bɛnkan
Adobe RGB: Gamut ka bon, a ka fisa sɛbɛnni ma, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la yɔrɔw la minnu ye green-cyan ye
Ɲɛjirali P3: Biɲɛ bilenmanw ni ɲɛgɛnw ɲɛnamaw, Apple ka minɛnw bɛ baara kɛ ni minnu ye
ProPhoto RGB ye: Gamut ka bon kosɛbɛ, a bɛ 16-bit depth de wajibiya, a ka ɲi fotota la
Rec.2020 Bamako: Ultra-wide gamut for 4K/8K wideyow, siniko ɲɛsinnen bɛ sariya ma

Kulɛri yɔrɔ cogoyaw

CMYK ye: Subtractive, print-oriented, gamut ka dɔgɔn ka tɛmɛ RGB kan
Lab: 1 . Minɛn-independent, perceptually uniform, gamut belebeleba
HSL/HSV: 1. Kulɛri sugandili min bɛ kɛ ni hakili ye, a tɛ kɛ cogo kelen na hakili la
YCbCr: 1 . A bɛ yeelen ni kulɛri faranfasi, a bɛ ɲɛ ka ɲɛsin degun ma
XYZ: 1 . Yɔrɔ min bɛ ɲɛfɔli kɛ kulɛri dɔnniya kama, o tɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin jaw ma

Baara kɛ ni Case Recommendations ye

Web ani Digital kɔnɔkow: sRGB walima Display P3 (ni sRGB fallback ye) .
Fotow tacogo baarakɛlaw fɛ: Adobe RGB walima ProPhoto RGB min bɛ 16-bit kɔnɔ
Sɛbɛnw dilanni: Adobe RGB ka baarakɛyɔrɔ, CMYK profile ka bɔli
Wideyow dilanni: Rec.709 ka ɲɛsin HD ma, Rec.2020 ka ɲɛsin UHD/HDR ma
Art ni Design numérique: Adobe RGB walima Display P3
Kulɛriw latilenni: Lab ka ladilanni minnu bɛ kɛ minɛnw yɛrɛmahɔrɔnyalen na
UI/UX dilancogo: HSL/HSV ka ɲɛsin kulɛri sugandili ma min bɛ se ka faamuya
Wideyow sɛgɛsɛgɛli: YCbCr ni chroma subsampling bɛnnen ye

Kulɛri yɔrɔw ɲɛnabɔli waleyali

Kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli siraw

Kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo (CMS) bɛ kulɛriw lasegin cogo kelen na minɛn suguya caman kɔnɔ, u kɛtɔ ka baara kɛ ni minɛnw cogoyaw ye ani kulɛri yɔrɔ caman cili ye. U nafa ka bon baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo la fotoko, dilancogo ani sɛbɛnni na.

Bi kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli jusigilan ye ICC (International Color Consortium) ka ɲɛfɔli kɛcogo ye. O profilw bɛ minɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw walima kulɛri yɔrɔw kulɛri cogoyaw ɲɛfɔ, o b’a to bamanankan baarakɛcogo tigitigi bɛ se ka kɛ u ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Ni kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman tɛ, RGB nafa kelenw bɛ se ka kɛ danfaraba ye minɛn suguya caman kɔnɔ.

Ka da ICC ka ɲɛfɔliw kan minnu bɛ minɛnw kulɛri kɛcogo jira
A bɛ baara kɛ ni minɛnw yɛrɛmahɔrɔnyalenw ye (i n’a fɔ Lab) i n’a fɔ fɛnw falen-falen yɔrɔ
A bɛ gamut kartiw ɲɛnabɔ destination spaces danfaralenw kama
A bɛ rendering intents di fɛn caman tigɛli laɲiniw ma minnu tɛ kelen ye
A bɛ minɛnw jɛgɛncogo ni fɛn caman tigɛli bɛɛ dɛmɛ

Ɲɛjirali Calibration (Kalibration) jira

Monitor calibration ye kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli jusigilan ye, k’a lajɛ ko i ka jirali bɛ kulɛriw jira ka ɲɛ. Ni monitor (kɔlɔsilikɛlan) kalibrelen tɛ, kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli cɛsiri tɔw bɛɛ bɛ se ka tiɲɛ.

Calibration (kalibreli) bɛ tali kɛ i ka monitor (kɔlɔsilikɛlan) ka sigicogo ladilanni na ani ka ICC profile (ICC profile) dɔ dilan min bɛ fɛn o fɛn ɲɛnabɔ ka bɔ kulɛri kɛcogo kɔrɔ la. A ka c’a la, o baara in bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnɛma-kolorimɛtiri walima spektrofotomɛtiri ye walasa ka jaabi tigitigiw sɔrɔ, hali ni porogaramu jɔnjɔnw jateminɛni ka fisa ni a si tɛ yen fewu.

Hardware calibration devices bɛ jaabi tigitigiw di
A bɛ yɔrɔ finman, gamma ani kulɛri jaabi ladilan
A bɛ ICC profil dɔ Dabɔ min bɛ baara Kɛ ni kulɛri ɲɛnabɔli siratigɛw ye
A ka kan ka kɛ tuma bɛɛ ni jiralifɛnw bɛ Changé waati tɛmɛnen kɔfɛ
Tuma caman na, baarakɛlaw ka jiralanw bɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw jateminɛcogo ye

Baara kɛli ni Kamera Kulɛri yɔrɔw ye

Kamera numériquew bɛ ja minɛ u yɛrɛ ka kulɛri yɔrɔw la, o kɔfɛ, u bɛ wuli ka kɛ yɔrɔ jɔnjɔnw ye i n’a fɔ sRGB walima Adobe RGB. O wale in faamuyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ fotoko baarakɛcogo ɲuman na.

Kamera bɛɛ bɛ ni sensɛri ye min ɲɔgɔn tɛ, n’a ka kulɛri jaabi cogoyaw don. Kamera dilannikɛlaw bɛ algorisimuw labɛn minnu ye u yɛrɛ ta ye walasa ka sensor data raw baara ka kɛ kulɛri yɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ bɛn sariya ma. Ni i bɛ ja ta RAW cogo la, i bɛ se ka o fɛn caman tigɛli kɛcogo ɲɛnabɔ kosɛbɛ, o b’a to i bɛ se ka kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔ cogo tigitigi la.

RAW filew kɔnɔ, kulɛri kunnafoniw bɛɛ bɛ sɔrɔ minnu minɛna sensor fɛ
JPEG filew bɛ wuli ka kɛ sRGB walima Adobe RGB ye kamera kɔnɔ
Kamera profilw bɛ se ka kamera kulɛri jaabi kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jira
Baarakɛyɔrɔ minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ, olu de bɛ kamera kunnafoniw mara kosɛbɛ
DNG Color Profiles (DCP) bɛ kamera kulɛri kunnafoniw tigitigi di

Web-Safe Kulɛri jateminɛw

Hali ni bi ɛntɛrinɛti-navigatɛriw bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo dɛmɛ, jiralan ni minɛn caman tɛ o kɛ. Ka ɛntɛrinɛti kɔnɔkow dilan minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ u bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma minɛnw bɛɛ kɔnɔ, o bɛ o dantigɛliw faamuyali de wajibiya.

Ɛntɛrinɛti yɔrɔ in bɛ ka taa ɲɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman na, ni CSS Kulɛri Module Nivo 4 ye dɛmɛ fara kulɛri yɔrɔ ɲɛfɔli kan. Nka, walasa ka bɛnkanba sɔrɔ, a nafa ka bon hali bi ka sRGB dantigɛliw jateminɛ ani ka kɔsegin bɛnnenw di kɔnɔkow ma minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn caman ye.

sRGB tora sugandili lakananen ye diɲɛ bɛɛ ka bɛnkan kama
Kulɛriw ka ɲɛfɔliw don jaw kɔnɔ navigatɔrɔw kama minnu b’a dɛmɛ
CSS Kulɛri Module Nivo 4 bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ ɲɛfɔli fara a kan
Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan minnu bɛ taa ɲɛ, olu bɛ se ka kɛ ka ɲɛsin jiracogo caman ma
Aw ye jateminɛ kɛ ka baara kɛ ni @media ɲininkaliw ye walasa ka jiracogo caman dɔn

Print Production Baarakɛcogo

Sɛbɛnni baarakɛcogo ɲɛnamaw bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔw maracogo ɲuman de wajibiya k’a ta minɛni na fo ka se bɔli laban ma. Tɛmɛsira min bɛ bɔ RGB la ka taa CMYK la, o ye fɛɛrɛ kɔrɔba ye min ka kan ka ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ.

Jagokɛlaw ka sɛbɛnni bɛ baara kɛ ni CMYK kulɛri yɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sɛbɛnni cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye. O sariyaw b’a to jateminɛw bɛ kɛ cogo kelen na sɛbɛnnikɛlanw ni sɛbɛnnikɛlanw danfaralenw cɛ. Dilanbagaw ka kan k’a faamu u ka sɛbɛnnikɛlan bɛ baara kɛ ni CMYK kulɛri yɔrɔ min ye ani k’o dɔnniya don u ka baarakɛcogo la.

Soft proofing bɛ bɔli sɛbɛnw ladege ɛkran kan
Imprimante profilw bɛ minɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ni papiye faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, olu jira
Rendering intents bɛ gamut mapping fɛɛrɛ dantigɛ
Black point compensation bɛ ombre detail mara
Proofing prints bɛ kulɛri tiɲɛni sinsin sani u ka dilan laban

Wideyo Kulɛriw jatebɔ

Wideyo dilanni bɛ kɛ ni kulɛri yɔrɔ jateminɛ gɛlɛnw ye, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni HDR ni fɛn caman cogoyaw wulila. Pibiliki dafalen faamuyali k’a ta minɛni na ka se a dili ma, o nafa ka bon.

Bi wideyow dilanni ka teli ka baara kɛ ni Academy Color Encoding System (ACES) ye i n’a fɔ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye. ACES bɛ baarakɛyɔrɔ kelen di ja bɛɛ ma, kamera min bɛ kɛ, o mana kɛ min o min ye, o bɛ ja minnu bɛ bɔ yɔrɔw la, olu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma, ani ka kɔnɔkow labɛn walasa ka fɛnw dicogo caman kɛ.

Log formats bɛ dynamic range maximum mara ka bɔ kameraw la
Baarakɛyɔrɔ minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ ACES, olu bɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli cogo la min bɛ bɛn sariya ma
HDR sariyaw kɔnɔ, PQ ni HLG jiginni baarakɛcogo bɛ yen
Lasecogo cogoyaw bɛ se ka kɛ ni kulɛri yɔrɔ suguya caman ye
LUTw (Look-Up Tables) bɛ dɛmɛ ka kulɛri caman caman cili kɛ cogo kelen na

Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na kulɛri yɔrɔw kan

Danfara jumɛn bɛ kulɛri modɛli ni kulɛri yɔrɔ cɛ?

Kulɛri modɛli ye hakilinata-jɛkulu ye min bɛ kɛ ka kulɛriw jira ni jatebɔ nafaw ye (i n’a fɔ RGB walima CMYK), k’a sɔrɔ kulɛri yɔrɔ ye kulɛri modɛli waleyali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye ni paramɛtɛrɛ ɲɛfɔlenw ye. Misali la, RGB ye kulɛri modɛli ye, k’a sɔrɔ sRGB ni Adobe RGB ye kulɛri yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye minnu sinsinnen bɛ RGB modɛli kan, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka gamuw ni u ka jogo tɛ kelen ye. Miiri kulɛri modɛli la i n’a fɔ sigida bɛɛ lajɛlen (i n’a fɔ yɔrɔw ɲɛfɔli ni latitude/longitude ye) ani kulɛri yɔrɔ i n’a fɔ o sigida kariti kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen (i n’a fɔ mara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ kariti ɲɛfɔlen ni koordinatɛri tigitigiw).

Mun na ne ka sɛbɛn bɔlenw ɲɛ tɛ kelen ye ni ne bɛ min ye ɛkran kan?

Fɛn damadɔ de bɛ o danfara in sababuya: kɔlɔsilikɛlaw bɛ baara kɛ ni RGB (additive) kulɛri ye k’a sɔrɔ sɛbɛnnikɛlaw bɛ baara kɛ ni CMYK (subtractive) kulɛri ye; a ka c’a la, jiralanw ka gamut ka bon ka tɛmɛ sɛbɛnw bɔli kan; ekranw bɛ yeelen bɔ ka sɔrɔ sɛbɛnniw b’a jira; ani ni kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman tɛ, bamanankan baara tɛ kɛ nin kulɛri yɔrɔw danfaralenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Ka fara o kan, papiye suguya bɛ nɔba bila kulɛriw bɔcogo la sɛbɛnw kɔnɔ, bawo papiye minnu ma datugu, a ka c’a la, olu tɛ kulɛriw bɔ minnu tɛ fa ka tɛmɛ papiyew kan minnu bɛ manamana. Ni i ye i ka monitor (kɔlɔsilikɛlan) jateminɛ ani ka baara kɛ ni ICC profiles ye i ka sɛbɛnnikɛlan ni papiye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ o danfara ninnu na, hali ni danfara dɔw bɛna to tuma bɛɛ k’a sababu kɛ danfara jɔnjɔnw ye farikolo ta fan fɛ yeelenbɔlanw ni yeelenbɔlanw cɛ.

Yala ne ka kan ka baara kɛ ni sRGB, Adobe RGB walima ProPhoto RGB ye fotota kama wa?

A bɛ bɔ i ka baarakɛcogo n’i ka bɔli magow la. sRGB ka fisa ja minnu bilalen bɛ ɛntɛrinɛti kan walima minnu bɛ lajɛ caman na ɛkranw kan. Adobe RGB ka ɲi kosɛbɛ sɛbɛnni baara la, a bɛ fɛn caman di minnu bɛ bɛn sɛbɛnni sekow ma ka ɲɛ. ProPhoto RGB ka ɲi kosɛbɛ baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo la, yɔrɔ minnu na kulɛri kunnafoniw marali ka caya, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni baara bɛ kɛ ni RAW filew ye 16-bit cogo la. Jalatigi caman bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ wele ko hybride: u bɛ fɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ ProPhoto RGB walima Adobe RGB kɔnɔ, o kɔfɛ u bɛ fɛn caman tigɛli kɛ sRGB la walasa ka ɛntɛrinɛti tila ɲɔgɔn na. N’i bɛ ja ta JPEG cogo la kamera kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, Adobe RGB ye sugandili ɲuman ye ka tɛmɛ sRGB kan n’i ka kamera b’a dɛmɛ, bawo a bɛ kunnafoni kulɛri caman mara walasa ka ladilan kɔfɛ. Nka, n’i ye RAW ta (a bɛ fɔ ko a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ), kamera ka kulɛri yɔrɔ sigicogo bɛ nɔ bila JPEG ɲɛjirali dɔrɔn de la, wa a tɛ nɔ bila RAW data yɛrɛ la.

Mun bɛ kɛ ni kulɛriw bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔ dɔ ka gamut kɔfɛ?

Ni fɛn bɛ ‘yɔrɔ Yɛlɛma kulɛri yɔrɔw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, kulɛri minnu bɛ Bìn yɔrɔ min bɛ Taa yɔrɔ la, olu ka kan ka karti kokura ni fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ Weele ko gamut karti. O bɛ Kɔrɔsi ni ɲɛfɔli laɲiniw ye: Hakilila-jɔ-cogo bɛ yecogo jɛɲɔgɔnyaw lakana kulɛriw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ni gamu bɛɛ degun ye; Relative Colorimetric bɛ kulɛriw mara minnu bɛ gamut fila bɛɛ kɔnɔ ani ka kulɛriw klipu minnu tɛ gamut kɔnɔ ka se kulɛri ma min bɛ se ka lasegin ka surunya; Absolute Colorimetric bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na nka a bɛ ladilan fana papiye finman na; ani Saturation bɛ kulɛri ɲɛnamaw marali bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la ka tɛmɛ tiɲɛni kan. Laɲini min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛfɔli kɛ, o sugandili bɛ bɔ kɔnɔkow la ani i ka fɔlɔfɔlɔ kow la. Fotow ta fan fɛ, tuma caman na, Perceptual bɛ na ni nɔ ye min bɛ i n’a fɔ u bɛ cogo min na, o ka ca ni tɔw bɛɛ ye. Ja minnu bɛ ni marka kulɛri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye, a ka c’a la, Relative Colorimetric bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ walasa ka kulɛri tigitigiw mara yɔrɔ min na a bɛ se ka kɛ. Bi kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔcogo bɛ se k’a jira i la kulɛri minnu tɛ gamut kɔnɔ sani i ka fɛn caman tigɛli kɛ, o b’a to i bɛ se ka ladilan kɛ kulɛri kɔrɔlenw na.

Monitor calibration nafa ka bon cogo di kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli la?

Monitor calibration ye kulɛri ɲɛnabɔcogo bɛɛ jusigilan ye. Ni jiralan kalifara tɛ, i bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli latigɛ ka da kulɛri kunnafoniw kan minnu tɛ tiɲɛ ye. Calibration bɛ i ka monitor (kɔlɔsilikɛlan) ladilan ka kɛɲɛ ni cogoya dɔnta ye, min bɛ kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye, n’a bɛ yɔrɔ finman (a ka c’a la D65/6500K), gamma (a ka c’a la 2,2), ani yeelen (a ka c’a la 80-120 cd/m2) sigili ye, ani ka ICC profile dɔ dilan min bɛ kɛ ni baarakɛminɛnw ye minnu bɛ kulɛri ɲɛnabɔ walasa ka kulɛriw jira ka ɲɛ. Baarakɛlaw ka baara kama, fɛnɲɛnɛma jateminɛminɛn nafa ka bon, wa jateminɛ seginni ka kan ka kɛ kalo o kalo. Hali kolorimɛtiri minnu bɛ se ka kɛ mɔgɔw fɛ, olu bɛ se ka kulɛri tiɲɛni ɲɛ kosɛbɛ ni i y’a suma ni jiralanw ye minnu ma jateminɛ. Ka tɛmɛ jateminɛ kan, i ka baarakɛyɔrɔ fana nafa ka bon—kogo jɛmanw minnu tɛ fɛn kɛ, yeelen min bɛ kɔrɔsi, ani ka i yɛrɛ tanga yeelen tilennen ma ɛkran kan, o bɛɛ bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kulɛriw faamuya ka ɲɛ. Walasa ka kulɛri baara gɛlɛnw kɛ, aw bɛ a lajɛ ka wari bila monitor (kɔlɔsilikɛlan) dɔ la min bɛ se ka kɛ baarakɛla ŋana ye, min bɛ se ka fɛnw jateminɛ, min bɛ se ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw jateminɛ, ani min bɛ se ka lamini yeelen bali.

Ne ka kan ka baara kɛ ni kulɛri yɔrɔ jumɛn ye ɛntɛrinɛti dilanni n’a yiriwali kama?

sRGB tora sariya ye ɛntɛrinɛti kɔnɔkow la bawo a bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka ko kɛlenw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma kosɛbɛ minɛnw ni navigatɔrɔw danfaralenw kɔnɔ. Hali ni bi navigatɔrɔw bɛ ka dɛmɛ don ka taa a fɛ kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli la ani gamuw camanba la, minɛn caman ni navigatɛri caman tɛ o kɛ hali bi. Porozɛ minnu bɛ ɲɛfɛ, i bɛ se ka ɲɛtaa ɲɛtaa waleya ni sRGB ye i n’a fɔ basigi k’a sɔrɔ i bɛ nafolo suguya caman di (ka baara kɛ ni CSS Color Module Level 4 fɛnw ye walima ja taamasiyɛnlenw) minɛnw ye minnu b’u dɛmɛ. CSS Color Module Level 4 bɛ dɛmɛ don display-p3, prophoto-rgb, ani kulɛri yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la baarakɛcogo dɔw fɛ i n’a fɔ color(display-p3 1 0.5 0), o b’a to ɛntɛrinɛti dilannikɛlaw bɛ se ka jiralifɛnw laɲini minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ k’a sɔrɔ u ma bɛnkan saraka. Walasa ka bɛn kosɛbɛ ni navigatɔrɔ kɔrɔw ye, i ka nafolo bɛɛ sRGB bɔcogo mara ani ka baara kɛ ni fɛnw dɔnni ye walasa ka kunnafoni suguya caman di minɛnw dɔrɔn ma minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma. Aw ye aw ka dilanw kɔrɔbɔ tuma bɛɛ minɛnw ni navigatɔrɔ caman kan walasa ka a jira ko u cogoya bɛ sɔn baarakɛlaw bɛɛ ma.

Kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ nɔ jumɛn bila ja sɛgɛsɛgɛli la ani filen hakɛ la?

Kulɛri yɔrɔw bɛ nɔba bila ja sɛgɛsɛgɛli la ani dosiye hakɛ la. Yɛlɛma ka bɔ RGB la ka kɛ YCbCr ye (JPEG compression kɔnɔ) o bɛ sira di chroma subsampling ma, o min bɛ dɔ bɔ dosiye hakɛ la ni kulɛri kunnafoniw marali ye ni ɲɛfɔli dɔgɔman ye ka tɛmɛ yeelen kunnafoniw kan, ka hadamaden ɲɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛliba kɛ yeelenko kunnafoniko la. Yɔrɔ minnu ka bon i n’a fɔ ProPhoto RGB, olu bɛ bitiki jugumanba de wajibiya (16-bit ni 8-bit) walasa ka u yɛrɛ tanga bandi ma, o bɛ na ni filen belebelebaw ye. Ni i bɛ mara cogoyaw la i n’a fɔ PNG minnu tɛ baara kɛ ni chroma subsampling ye, kulɛri yɔrɔ yɛrɛ tɛ nɔba bila filen hakɛ la, nka bitiki jugumanba minnu ka bon, olu bɛ o kɛ. JPEG file minnu maralen bɛ Adobe RGB walima ProPhoto RGB kɔnɔ, olu tɛ baara kɛ ni marayɔrɔ caman ye u yɛrɛ la ka tɛmɛ sRGB versions kan jogoɲumanya sigicogo kelen na, nka u ka kan ka kulɛri jiracogo dɔ don u kɔnɔ walasa a ka jira ka ɲɛ, ka dɔ fara filen hakɛ kan dɔɔnin. Walasa ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo ɲuman sɔrɔ lasecogo la, ka fɛn caman tigɛli kɛ sRGB walima YCbCr 8-bit la ni subsampling bɛnnen ye, a ka c’a la, o bɛ balansi ɲuman di dosiye hakɛ ni a yecogo ɲuman na.

Jɛɲɔgɔnya jumɛn bɛ kulɛri yɔrɔw ni bitiki juguya cɛ?

Biti juguya ni kulɛri yɔrɔ ye hakilinaw ye minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na minnu bɛ nɔ bila ja cogoya la. Biti juguman bɛ bitiki hakɛ jira min bɛ kɛ ka kulɛri sira kelen-kelen bɛɛ jira, o bɛ a jira kulɛri danfaralen hakɛ min bɛ se ka jira. Hali ni kulɛri yɔrɔ bɛ kulɛriw hakɛ ɲɛfɔ (gamut), bitiki juguya de b’a jira o yɔrɔ in tilalen don cogo min na ka ɲɛ. Gamut kulɛri yɔrɔ minnu ka bon i n’a fɔ ProPhoto RGB, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ bitiki jugumanba de wajibiya walasa ka bandi ni posterization bali. O bɛ Kɛ k’a sababu Kɛ nafa danfaralenw hakɛ kelen ka kan ka Taa ‘yɔrɔ la min ka bon kosɛbɛ, ka “sen” belebelebaw Dabɔ kulɛri kɛrɛfɛtaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Misali la, 8-bit kodɔn bɛ nivo 256 Di kan kelen na, o min bɛ Se ka Kɛ sRGB ye caman na nka a tɛ Se ProPhoto RGB ma. O de y’a To baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo ka teli ka baara Kɛ ni 16-bit ye kanal kelen na (65.536 nivow) n’u bɛ baara Kɛ yɔrɔ caman na. O cogo kelen na, HDR kɔnɔkow bɛ bitiki jugumanba de wajibiya (10-bit walima 12-bit) walasa k’a yeelen hakɛ janyalen jira ka ɲɛ. Kulɛri yɔrɔ ni bitiki juguya faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ kulɛri danfaralenw bɛɛ lajɛlen hakɛ dantigɛ minnu bɛ se ka jira ja dɔ kɔnɔ.

Kulɛriw ɲɛnabɔli master i ka porozew kɔnɔ

I kɛra fototalan ye wo, i kɛra fototalan ye wo, walima i kɛra fɛn dilannikɛla ye wo, kulɛri yɔrɔw faamuyali nafa ka bon walasa ka baara kɛ min bɛ se ka kɛ baarakɛlaw fɛ. Aw bɛ nin hakilina ninnu waleya walasa aw ka kulɛriw ka kɛ cogo kelen na kunnafonidilanw bɛɛ kɔnɔ.

Aw ye Kulɛri yɔrɔw suma ɲɔgɔn na Aw ye gafe ɲɛnamaw lajɛ