Mfoninitwafo Akwankyerɛ a Ɛfa Fael Nkyekyɛm Ho: Nsɛm a Wɔaka abom a Edi Mu

Ma mfonini ahorow a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ mfoninitwafo biara hu no yiye. Sua RAW, JPEG, TIFF, PNG, ne nea ɛkeka ho ho ade na ama w’adwuma ayɛ yiye na woakora mfonini no yiyedi so.

Wɔ Ahokokwaw Nyinaa Ho
15+ Fael Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ
Digitals Adwumayɛ ho Afotu
Nneyɛe a Ɛyɛ Paara
Fael Format a Wɔde Toto Ho Hwehwɛ Formats Nyinaa mu

Nea Enti a Fael Formats Ho Hia Ma Mfoninitwafo

Sɛ́ mfoninitwafo no, fael ahorow a wobɛte ase no nyɛ mfiridwuma mu nsɛm bi kɛkɛ —ɛyɛ ahokokwaw titiriw a ɛka w’adwuma nyinaa fi bere a wokyere kosi bere a wode bɛkɔ. Fael format a ɛfata betumi akora mfonini no yiyedi so, ama editing ayɛ mmerɛw, atew nneɛma a wɔkora so ahwehwɛde so, na ahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛne mfiri ne platform ahorow nyinaa hyia.

Format biara di atirimpɔw ahorow ho dwuma wɔ mfoninitwafo adwinnade mu. RAW fael kora data a ɛkyɛn so ma editing flexibility, JPEG ma amansan nyinaa compatability ne fael akɛseɛ nketewa, TIFF ma lossless options ma print adwuma, berɛ a specialized formats te sɛ WebP ne HEIC gyina hɔ ma mfiridwuma foforɔ a ɛkari pɛ wɔ quality ne compression.

Saa akwankyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri yi bɛboa wo ma woafa mfonini fael ahorow a ɛyɛ den no mu, na ama woatumi asi gyinae ahorow a ɛfata a ɛma w’adebɔ tumi ne adwumayɛ mu nsunsuanso yɛ kɛse. Sɛ́ ebia woyɛ obi a woafi ase anaasɛ woyɛ obi a ne ho akokwaw no, fael ahorow a wubenya no yiye no bɛma wo mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ ne nea efi mu ba wɔ adebɔ mu no akɔ soro.

Nneɛma Titiriw a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wosusuw Ho wɔ Fael Formats a Wobɛpaw Ho

Mfonini a Ɛyɛ Paara

Nneɛma ahorow a wɔahyehyɛ no kora nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri, kɔla ho nsɛm, ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ nnam a ɛsonosonoe so. Nea wopaw no nya wo mfonini ahorow a etwa to no su a wotumi hu no so nkɛntɛnso tẽẽ.

  • Bit bun na ɛkyerɛ kɔla no pɛpɛɛpɛ
  • Compression nya nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔkora so so nkɛntɛnso
  • Format ahorow bi boa bit depths a ɛkorɔn

Nsiesiei a Ɛyɛ Nsakrae

Formats a data pii wom ma wunya ahofadi kɛse sɛ wobɛsesa exposure, color, ne parameters afoforo a worensɛe mfonini no su.

  • Nsiesiei a ɛnyɛ nea ɛsɛe ade
  • White balance ne latitude a ɛda adi
  • Nsɛntitiriw ne sunsuma ho nsɛm a wɔsan nya bio

Fael no Kɛse

Fael kɛseɛ nya storage ahwehwɛdeɛ, backup akwan, ne upload/download berɛ berɛ a wo ne clients kyɛ anaa wɔ social media so.

  • Ɛka ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so ma nneɛma a wɔkora so akɛse ho
  • Ɛka ahoɔhare a wɔde fa mfiri ahorow ntam
  • Ɛkyerɛ sɛnea backup nhyehyɛe ahorow no bɛyɛ adwuma yiye

Nsɛm a ɛne ne ho hyia

Wɔboa format ahorow bi wɔ amansan nyinaa mu, bere a ebia afoforo nso behia softwea pɔtee bi anaasɛ ɛne application ne mfiri ahorow nyinaa nhyia kakraa bi.

  • Wɛb brawsa ne mfiri mmoa
  • Social media platform a ɛne ne ho hyia
  • Client delivery ho nsusuwii ahorow

Metadata Mmoa a Wɔde Ma

Format ahodoɔ wɔ tumi ahodoɔ a wɔde sie nsɛm a ɛho hia te sɛ copyright ho nsɛm, camera nhyehyeɛ, keywords, ne location data.

  • EXIF data a wɔde ma mfiridwuma ho nsɛm
  • IPTC data a wɔde hwɛ hokwan ahorow so
  • XMP data ma agyapade afoforo

Output Botae a Wɔde Ba

Ɛsɛ sɛ asɛm a wopɛ sɛ wode bedi dwuma—sɛ́ ɛyɛ nea wɔatintim, wɛb, sohyial media, anaa nea wode asie—kyerɛ wo kwan wɔ wo format a wobɛpaw no mu ma nea eye sen biara afi mu aba.

  • Print ahwehwɛde ahorow ma nsusuwii ne kɔla
  • Web optimization ma ahoɔhare ne nea ɛyɛ papa
  • Nneɛma a wɔkora so bere tenten ho nsusuwii

Fael Formats a Ɛho Hia ma Mfoninitwafo

RAW Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ

RAW format ahorow no kura data a wɔayɛ ho adwuma kakraa bi a efi mfoninitwa afiri no mfonini sensor no mu. Wɔde nneɛma a ɛkorɔn sen biara ne nsakrae a ɛsen biara ma, na ɛma wɔyɛ nea wɔpɛ ma mfoninitwa a wɔyɛ adwumaden ne wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho anibere so. Mpɛn pii no, mfoninitwafo biara a ɔyɛ mfoninitwa afiri no wɔ n’ankasa RAW format a ɛyɛ ne de.

Canon RAW (.CR2/.CR3) na ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ.

Canon RAW formats a ɛyɛ ne dea no de mfonini data a wɔannyɛ ho adwuma no sie tẽẽ fi mfoninitwa afiri no sensor no mu. Wɔde CR2 di dwuma wɔ Canon mfoninitwa mfiri dedaw mu, bere a mfonini foforo no adan akɔ CR3 format a ɛma compression options a eye.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 14-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . Nneɛma a wɔpaw a enni adehwere anaasɛ wɔahyɛ no den
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Maximum quality, editing a ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa, Canon-specific optimization
  • Mfomso ahorow: Fael kɛseɛ, ɛhia software mmoa pɔtee

Nikon RAW (.NEF) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Nikon Electronic Format (NEF) fael ahorow no kura raw data a efi Nikon mfoninitwa mfiri ahorow mu a ɛwɔ compression ne bit-depth options ahorow a egyina mfoninitwa mfiri no su so. Wɔde Nikon Picture Control nhyehyɛe no sie sɛ metadata nanso wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ raw data no so.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 12-bit anaa 14-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . Uncompressed, losless compressed, anaasɛ lossy compressed
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Mfonini data a wɔkora so nyinaa, Nikon-specific optimizations
  • Mfomso ahorow: Proprietary format, fael akɛse

Sony RAW (.ARW) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Sony Alpha Raw (ARW) fael ahorow no sie data a wɔannyɛ ho adwuma a efi Sony mfoninitwa mfiri ahorow mu. Saa nhyehyɛe yi kora nsɛm a Sony sensor ahorow a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ den ne hann a ɛba fam adwumayɛ no kyere nyinaa so.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 14-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . Wɔahyɛ no den
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Kora Sony kɔla nyansahu, ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn
  • Mfomso ahorow: Software a ɛne ne ho hyia kakraa bi sɛ wɔde toto DNG ho a

Fujifilm RAW (.RAF) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Fujifilm RAF format no kora wɔn X-Trans ne Bayer sensor ahorow no su soronko so. Ɛkora data a ehia na wɔde asan ayɛ Fujifilm sini ho mfonini ahorow a ɛda nsow no bere a wɔreyɛ adwuma wɔ akyi no.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 14-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: Lossless a wɔahyɛ no den
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Ɛkora Fujifilm kɔla soronko a wɔde kyerɛ ne sini ho mfonini ahorow so
  • Mfomso ahorow: Ebia X-Trans sensor fael ahorow no wɔ demosaicing ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛyɛ den kɛse

Adobe Digitals a Ɛyɛ Asɛmmɔne (.DNG) .

Adobe’s open RAW format a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛma amansan nyinaa, archival gyinapɛn ama raw image data. Mfoninitwafo binom te sɛ Leica, Hasselblad, ne Pentax de DNG di dwuma wɔ wɔn ankasa kwan so, na wobetumi adan RAW fael afoforo ayɛ no DNG.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . Ɛkɔsi 16-bit
  • Nhyɛso: . Uncompressed anaasɛ lossless a wɔahyɛ no den
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Nkrataa a wɔabue, bere tenten a ɛne ne ho hyia yiye, betumi de mfitiase RAW ahyɛ mu
  • Mfomso ahorow: Nsakrae anammɔn a ɛho hia ma mfoninitwa mfiri dodow no ara, mfoninitwa afiri pɔtee bi betumi ayera

RAW Formats Afoforo

Wɔn a wɔyɛ mfoninitwa mfiri afoforo pii wɔ wɔn ankasa RAW format ahorow, a Olympus (.ORF), Panasonic (.RW2), Pentax (.PEF), Leica (.DNG), ne nea ɛkeka ho ka ho. Wɔn mu biara kora saa yɛfo no sensor ahorow ne sɛnea wɔyɛ no su pɔtee so.

  • Agyapade a Wɔtaa De Di Dwuma: Bit bun a ɛkorɔn, dwumadie a ɛsua koraa, data a wɔkora so kɛseɛ
  • Nsɛm a ɛne ne ho hyia: Ɛsono sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ ne softwea
  • Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho: Ebia format ahorow a ɛyɛ wɔn de no benya nneɛma a wɔkora so ho haw ahorow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ

Amansan Nkyekyɛm ahorow

Saa nhyehyeɛ yi ma nkitahodiɛ kɛseɛ wɔ mfiri, application, ne platform ahodoɔ so, na ɛma ɛho hia ma mfoniniyɛ adwuma a wɔkyɛ na wɔtintim.

JPEG/JPG na ɛyɛ adwuma

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) ne mfonini a wɔde di dwuma kɛse esiane ne nhyɛso a etu mpɔn ne amansan nyinaa a ɛne ne ho hyia nti. Ɛde lossy compression di dwuma de yɛ fael nketewa denam mfonini data a nnipa ntumi nhu no yiye a wɔpaw no so.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8-bit (kɔla ɔpepem 16.7) .
  • Nhyɛso: . Lossy, adjustable quality levels
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Amansan nyinaa a ɛne ne ho hyia, fael kɛse ketewaa bi, nhyɛso a wotumi sesa
  • Mfomso ahorow: Lossy compression sɛe quality, editing flexibility anohyeto, transparency biara nni hɔ
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Wɛb so tintim, email kyɛfa, sohyial media, bere a fael kɛse ho hia

JPEG 2000 na ɛwɔ hɔ

JPEG a wɔatu mpɔn a ɛma compression efficiency ne quality a eye. Ɛmfa ho sɛ na ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu mfaso no, entumi nnye JPEG a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no toom kɛse da.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . Ɛkɔsi 16-bit
  • Nhyɛso: . Adehwere anaasɛ nea enni adehwere
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Ɛyɛ papa-ne-kɛseɛ ratio sen JPEG, boa transparency ne lossless compression
  • Mfomso ahorow: Browser ne software mmoa a anohyeto wom
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Aduruyɛ mu mfoninitwa, nneɛma a wɔkora so atirimpɔw ahorow, mfonini ahorow a wɔahyɛ no den a ɛkorɔn

PNG

Wɔyɛɛ Portable Network Graphics (PNG) sɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔatu mpɔn a wɔde besi GIF ananmu. Ɛboa compression ne transparency a enni adehwere, na ɛma ɛyɛ nea eye ma mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ anoano a ɛyɛ nnam ne nneɛma a ɛda adi pefee.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8-bit (kɔla 256), 24-bit (kɔla ɔpepem 16.7), anaa 32-bit (a alpha kwan ka ho) .
  • Nhyɛso: . Ɛnyɛ adehwere
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Lossless quality, transparency mmoa, a ɛtrɛw a ɛne ne ho hyia
  • Mfomso ahorow: Fael akɛseɛ sen JPEG ma mfonini mu nsɛm
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Mfonini ahorow a nsɛm, ahyɛnsode ahorow, mfonini ahorow a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ ɛda adi pefee, screenshots

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) boa animations na ɛde lossless compression di dwuma ma mfonini ahorow a kɔla ahorow kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu. Bere a ne bere atwam ma mfonini a ɛda so ara yɛ no, ɛda so ara yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho wɔ mfonini ahorow a ɛnyɛ den ne meme ahorow ho.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8-bit (kɔla 256 a ɛboro so) .
  • Nhyɛso: . Lossless ma kɔla ahorow a wɔakyerɛw so
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Animation mmoa, transparency, fael ketewa ma mfonini a ɛnyɛ den
  • Mfomso ahorow: Kɔla 256 nkutoo na ɛwɔ hɔ, na ɛnyɛ papa wɔ mfoninitwa mu
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Animations a ɛnyɛ den, memes, icons, mfonini ahorow a kɔla kakraa bi na ɛwom

Adwumayɛfoɔ Nsiesiei ne Print Formats

Wɔayɛ saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi ama mfonini ho dwumadie, nsakraeɛ, ne tintim a ɛyɛ papa, na ɛde nneɛma a ɛho hia ma adwumayɛfoɔ adwumayɛ ma.

TIFF

Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) yɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, ɛyɛ papa a wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ adwumayɛfo mfoninitwa, nhoma tintim, ne nhoma tintim mu. Ɛboa bit bun ahorow, kɔla spaces, ne lossless compression options.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8-bit, 16-bit, anaa 32-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: Nhyɛso a wɔanhyɛ no den anaasɛ enni adehwere (LZW, ZIP) .
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Ɛyɛ papa yiye, layer mmoa, akwan horow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, a wogye tom kɛse wɔ nhoma tintim adwuma mu
  • Mfomso ahorow: Fael akɛseɛ paa, ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ wɛb so
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Print nhoma tintim, archives, mfinimfini editing fael, master fael a ɛkorɔn

PSD

Adobe Photoshop no native file format (PSD) no kora editing tumi nyinaa a layers, masks, text, adjustment layers, ne smart objects ka ho. Ɛho hia ma editing adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8-bit, 16-bit, anaa 32-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . RLE nhyɛso a enni adehwere a wopɛ
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Full Photoshop feature support, kora editing layers ne nsakrae nyinaa so
  • Mfomso ahorow: Fael kɛse, a ɛne Adobe softwea hyia titiriw
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Editing projects a ɛyɛ den, composites, designs a ɛhwehwɛ nneɛma pii

PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF) tumi kura raster anaa vector mfonini na wɔde di dwuma kɛse de kyɛ mfoninitwa adwuma a etwa to, titiriw portfolio, nhoma, ne nhoma a wɔatintim. Ɛkora formatting so wɔ devices ne operating systems nyinaa so.

  • Mfonini Mmoa: Wobetumi de mfonini ahorow ahorow ahyɛ mu wɔ nsusuwii ahorow mu
  • Nhyɛso: . Nneɛma ahorow a wubetumi apaw fi nea enni adehwere so kosi nea wɔahyɛ no den kɛse so
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Amansan nyinaa nhyiam, kora nhyehyɛe ne formatting, ahobammɔ nneɛma
  • Mfomso ahorow: Wɔannwene sɛ wɔmfa nsiesie mfonini mu nsɛm
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Portfolios, client delivery, nhoma ahorow a wɔatintim, mfonini nhoma ahorow

Nnɛyi Wɛbsaet Formats

Wɔayɛ saa format foforɔ yi yie ama wɛb dwumadie, de compression algorithms a ɛkɔ anim a ɛma ɛyɛ papa berɛ a ɛtew fael kɛseɛ so ma loading times ntɛmntɛm.

WebP

Google na ɛyɛɛ no, WebP de nhyɛsoɔ a ɛkorɔn ma wɛb mfonini, a ɛwɔ akwan a ɛyɛ adehwere ne nea ɛnhwere nyinaa. Wɔayɛ no sɛ ɛde fael akɛseɛ nketewa a ɛyɛ pɛ besi JPEG, PNG, ne GIF a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ wɛb ananmu.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . Adehwere anaasɛ nea enni adehwere
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: 25-35% nketewa sen JPEG wɔ su a ɛyɛ pɛ mu, ɛboa animation ne transparency
  • Mfomso ahorow: Ɛnyɛ nea browser nyinaa (titiriw nea akyɛ) boa wɔ amansan nyinaa mu .
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Wɛbsaet mfonini ahorow, titiriw wɔ wɛbsaet ahorow a ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma no so

AVIF

AV1 Mfonini Fael Format (AVIF) yɛ format foforo a egyina AV1 video codec so. Ɛma nkɔsoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ compression efficiency mu sɛ wɔde toto JPEG, PNG, ne WebP mpo ho a.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8 kosi 12-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . Adehwere anaasɛ nea enni adehwere
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Superior compression efficiency, HDR mmoa, transparency, kɔla ahorow a ɛtrɛw
  • Mfomso ahorow: Browser mmoa a anohyeto wom, encoding kɔmputa so ahwehwɛde a ɛkorɔn
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ wɛb nsɛm, wɛb a wɔde wɔn adwene si daakye so

HEIF/HEIC

High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) ne High Efficiency Image Container (HEIC) yɛ nnɛyi mfonini ahorow a ɛma nhyɛso pa sen JPEG bere a ɛkura su a ɛkorɔn mu. Apple gyee HEIC sɛ mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde di dwuma wɔ iOS 11 mu.

  • Bit Mu Dɔ: . 8 kosi 16-bit na ɛwɔ hɔ
  • Nhyɛso: . Lossy a wɔde HEVC (H.265) mfiridwuma di dwuma
  • Mfaso a ɛwɔ so: Bɛyɛ 50% sua sen JPEG wɔ ne su a ɛyɛ pɛ mu, ɛboa pefeeyɛ, animation, ne mfonini ahorow pii
  • Mfomso ahorow: Nkitahodi a anohyeto wom wɔ Apple abɔde a nkwa wom akyi, patent encumbered
  • Nea eye sen biara ma: Apple mfiri a wɔde di dwuma, mfonini ahorow a ɛkorɔn a wɔkora so yiye

Fael Format Ntotoho ma Mfoninitwa Ahiade Ahorow

Fael format a ɛfata a wobɛpaw no gyina wo mfoninitwa ahiade pɔtee so. Saa ntotoho yi boa wo ma wopaw ɔkwan a eye sen biara ma nsɛm ahorow a wɔde di dwuma.

Fa Case Di Dwuma Ɔkwan a Wɔkamfo Kyerɛ Ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so yɛ Nneɛma Titiriw a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wosusuw Ho
Mfonini a Wɔtow a Ɛyɛ Adwumayɛfo RAW (mfoninitwa afiri no ankasa kwan so) . DNG Data a wɔkora so kɛse ma editing a ɛyɛ mmerɛw; store sɛ nneɛma a wɔkora so wuranom
Masters/Archives a Wɔasiesie TIFF (16-bit) . PSD, DNG, na ɛwɔ hɔ Lossless quality, trɛw a ɛne ne ho hyia, daakye-adanse format
Print Nhoma a Wɔatintim TIFF PDF, PSD, na ɛwɔ hɔ Boa CMYK kɔla ahunmu, soro bit bun, nnwuma gyinapɛn
Wɛbsaet so Nsɛmma Nhoma JPEG WebP Nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa ne fael kɛse a ɛkari pɛ; WebP ma nnɛyi wɛbsaet ahorow
Social Media Nkyɛmu JPEG PNG (ma nsɛm/mfonini ahorow) . Platform dodow no ara recompress uploads ɔkwan biara so; fa w’adwene si nsusuwii ne afã horow so
Nsiesiei a Ɛyɛ Den PSD TIFF a ɛwɔ layers Ɛkora layers, masks, adjustments, text, ne nneɛma a nyansa wom so
Mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ Transparency PNG WebP Lossless quality a ɛwɔ alpha channel mmoa
Nsɛnkyerɛnne ne Mfonini ahorow PNG SVG (ma mfonini ahorow a wɔde vector ayɛ) . Nsonsonoe a ano yɛ nnam, kɔla ahorow a anohyeto wom, nea ebetumi aba sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee
Web Loading a Ɛyɛ Ntɛmntɛm sen biara WebP JPEG (wɔayɛ no yiye) . Nnɛyi format a compression-to-quality ratio a eye sen biara
Mfonini a Wɔde Fa Mobile Mfoninitwa HEIC/JPEG na ɛwɔ hɔ RAW (sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a) . Kari pɛ wɔ nneɛma pa ne nneɛma a wɔkora so ho nsusuwii ahorow ntam
Client Delivery JPEG (a ɛyɛ papa) . ZIP a ɛyɛ JPEGs anaa PDF Amansan nyinaa a ɛne ne ho hyia, ne kɛse a ɛfata, ne su pa
Mfonini Nhoma/Albums JPEG (a ɛyɛ papa) . TIFF Hwɛ tintim adwuma ahwehwɛde ahorow; ebinom hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe pɔtee bi

Fael Formats a wode bɛka Wo Mfoninitwa Adwumayɛ ho

1

Capture: Fi ase wɔ RAW so

Bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, twa mfonini wɔ wo mfoninitwa afiri no RAW format mu na ama woakora mfonini data a ɛsen biara so. Eyi ma wutumi yɛ nsakrae kɛse bere a woreyɛ nsakrae no na ɛhwɛ hu sɛ wowɔ mfitiase nsɛm a efi wo mfoninitwa afiri no sensor no mu nyinaa. Wɔ adwuma a ɛnyɛ den pii anaasɛ bere a nneɛma a wɔkora so no sua no, JPEG a ɛkorɔn yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wogye tom.

Pro Afotu:

  • Susuw ho sɛ wode RAW+JPEG bedi dwuma ama kyɛfa ntɛm ara bere a worekora RAW so ama nsakrae
  • Fa wo mfoninitwa afiri no si hɔ a kɔla atenae a eye sen biara (Adobe RGB anaa ProPhoto RGB) na ama woanya gamut a ɛtrɛw
  • Fa bit depth a ɛkorɔn sen biara a ɛwɔ wo camera no mu di dwuma ma ɛyɛ papa kɛse
2

Import ne Backup: Susuw ho sɛ wobɛdan akɔ DNG mu

Sɛ wode mfonini reba wo kɔmputa so a, susuw ho sɛ wobɛdan RAW fael a ɛyɛ wo de no akɔ Adobe DNG format mu na ama ɛne no ahyia yiye bere tenten. Bere nyinaa yɛ wo mfitiase fael ahorow no backups pii a sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ no mfa ho. Fa edin nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ so daa a nna ne metadata a ɛfa ho ka ho hyehyɛ wo fael ahorow no.

Pro Afotu:

  • Hyehyɛ DNG nsakrae a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa bere a wode reba wɔ Lightroom mu sɛ wode Adobe ecosystem redi dwuma a
  • Fa “embed original RAW file” option no di dwuma bere a woredan akɔ DNG mu de akora mfitiase data nyinaa so
  • Fa 3-2-1 backup nhyehyɛe di dwuma: 3 copies, 2 media ahorow ahorow, 1 off-site beae
3

Edit a Ɛnyɛ Ɔsɛe

Fa akwan a wɔfa so siesie nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nea ɛsɛe ade a ɛkora mfonini a edi kan no ho nsɛm so di dwuma. Software dodow no ara a wɔyɛ adwumaden te sɛ Adobe Lightroom, Capture One, ne DxO PhotoLab de RAW fael ahorow yɛ adwuma a ɛnsɛe ade. Sɛ wopɛ editing a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ Photoshop mu a, fa adjustment layers, smart objects, ne layer masks di dwuma na ama woatumi ayɛ editability.

Pro Afotu:

  • Sie Photoshop fael sɛ PSD anaa TIFF a layers ka ho na ama woakora editability a edi mũ so
  • Fa nneɛma a nyansa wom di dwuma bere a wode RAW fael ahorow reba Photoshop mu na ama woakura RAW editing tumi mu
  • Yɛ virtual copies wɔ catalog software mu de sɔ editing style ahorow hwɛ
4

Sie Master Edited Fael ahorow

Sɛ wowie wo editing adwuma titiriw no wie a, sie master files wɔ format a ɛkorɔn a ɛkora wo editing adwuma no nyinaa so. Sɛ wopɛ layer-based edits a, fa PSD anaa TIFF a layers ka ho di dwuma. Sɛ wopɛ nsakraeɛ a egyina katalog so (Lightroom, Capture One) a, susuw ho sɛ wode master copies bɛkɔ amannɔne sɛ 16-bit TIFF fael ama archival atirimpɔw ahorow.

Pro Afotu:

  • Fa 16-bit kɔla bun di dwuma ma master fael ahorow na kwati banding a ebetumi aba bere a woreyɛ nsakrae foforo no
  • Paw ProPhoto RGB anaa Adobe RGB kɔla atenae ma kɔla ahorow a ɛtrɛw sen biara
  • Fa lossless compression (ZIP) di dwuma ma TIFF fael ahorow na fa sie baabi a ɛnyɛ quality loss
5

Nneɛma a Wɔde Kɔ Amannɔne Ma Atirimpɔw Ahorow

Yɛ botae pɔtee bi a wɔde kɔ amannɔne fi wo master fael ahorow no mu. Sɛ wode wɛb bedi dwuma a, fa JPEG anaa WebP fael a wɔayɛ no yiye kɔ amannɔne. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wotintim a, fa TIFF anaa JPEG a ɛkorɔn a kɔla ahorow a ɛfata wom di dwuma. Wɔ afɛfo fam no, susuw wɔn ahiade pɔtee ne mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ ho bere a worepaw format ahorow no.

Pro Afotu:

  • Yɛ export presets ma output scenarios a ɛtaa ba (web, print, client delivery) .
  • Wɔ wɛb mfonini ahorow ho no, fa sRGB kɔla atenae di dwuma ma kɔla a ɛkɔ so daa wɔ brawsa ahorow nyinaa mu
  • Sesa mfonini ahorow no kɛse sɛnea ɛfata sɛnea wopɛ sɛ wode bedi dwuma na ama bere a wode bɛhyɛ mu ne ne su ayɛ papa
  • Susuw ho sɛ wode WebP bedi dwuma ama wo wɛbsaet no sɛ wɔn a wode w’ani asi wɔn so no de nnɛyi browser ahorow di dwuma a
6

Archive a Wɔde Siesie Bere Tenten

Yɛ ɔkwan bi a wobɛfa so de wo mfoninitwa adwuma no asie bere tenten. Fa RAW/DNG fael a edi kan no sie, ne wo fael a woayɛ no yiye (PSD/TIFF) no. Susuw sɛnea format ahorow a woapaw no nkwa tenten ne software a wuhia na ama woatumi anya bi daakye no ho.

Pro Afotu:

  • Fa XMP sidecar fael anaa metadata a wɔde ahyɛ mu a nsɛmfua titiriw, copyright, ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu ka ho
  • Bere ne bere mu no, fa archives kɔ storage media foforo so na amma data no ansɛe
  • Susuw ho sɛ wobɛbɔ JPEG mfonini ahorow a ɛyɛ papa aka nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛyɛ wo de ho ama daakye-proofing
  • Kyerɛw w’ahyehyɛde nhyehyɛe no na ama woatumi de adi dwuma daakye

Fael Format Nneyɛe Pa a Wɔde Ma Mfoninitwafo

Nsakrae a Ɛwɔ Formats Ntam

Sɛ woredannan format ahorow ntam a, di nnyinasosɛm ahorow yi akyi na ama woakɔ so ayɛ nea ɛyɛ papa sen biara:

  • Tew nsakrae dodow no so na woakwati sɛ wobɛhwere nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa a wɔaboaboa ano
  • Dane fi wo source fael a ɛkorɔn sen biara no so bere nyinaa
  • Sɛ woresakra afi RAW so a, yɛ nsakrae atitiriw nyinaa ansa na woadan akɔ lossy formats mu
  • Fa softwea a ɛfata a edi kɔla ahorow ho dwuma yiye bere a woresakra no di dwuma
  • Mfa JPEG nsie mpɛn pii da efisɛ ɛbɛsɛe wɔ sie biara mu
  • Sɛ wopɛ wɛb yiedie a, fa nnwinnadeɛ a wɔatu ho ama a ɛma nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ papa di dwuma

Kɔla Ahunmu a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Fael ahodoɔ boa kɔla ahodoɔ, a ɛbɛtumi anya wo mfonini no hwɛbea so nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ mfiri ahodoɔ so:

  • Fa ProPhoto RGB anaa Adobe RGB di dwuma bere a woreyɛ nsakrae ama kɔla ahorow a ɛsen biara
  • Dane kɔ sRGB ma wɛb ne sohyial media kyɛfa
  • Fa kɔla ahorow a ɛfata di dwuma ma tintim (mpɛn pii no Adobe RGB anaa CMYK) .
  • Fa kɔla profile ahorow hyɛ wo fael ahorow mu ma kɔla nkyerɛase a ɛkɔ so daa
  • Calibrate wo monitor no daa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ woayɛ kɔla nhwehwɛmu pɛpɛɛpɛ
  • Hu sɛ ebia format ahorow bi (te sɛ JPEG ahorow bi) rentumi mmoa kɔla spaces a ɛtrɛw

Nneɛma a Wɔkora So ne Nneɛma a Wɔde Sie

Akwan a ɛfata a wobɛfa so akora so hwɛ hu sɛ wo mfonini ahorow no bɛkɔ so ayɛ nea wotumi nya na ɛnyɛ hwee mfe pii a ɛreba no:

  • Fa RAW fael ne master edits sie wɔ drive ahorow a ɛsono emu biara so fi fael ahorow a ɛyɛ adwuma so
  • Fa formats a wɔabue, a wɔboa no kɛse (DNG, TIFF) di dwuma ma bere tenten a wɔde sie
  • Yɛ metadata nhyehyɛe a nsɛmfua titiriw, nkyerɛkyerɛmu, ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛkɔ so daa wom
  • Fa checksum verification di dwuma de hwɛ hu sɛ fael no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bere tenten
  • Yɛ nhyehyɛe ma format migration daa bere a mfiridwuma renya nkɔso no
  • Kyerɛw w’ahyehyɛde nhyehyɛe ne adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe na woatumi de adi dwuma daakye
  • Susuw cloud backup solutions a version abakɔsɛm wom ho ma adwuma a ɛho hia

Optimizing ma Adwumayɛ

Kari pɛ ne adwumayɛ mu na ama woakɔ so ayɛ adwuma yiye:

  • Fa smart previews anaa proxy fael di dwuma ma RAW fael akɛseɛ no sesa ntɛmntɛm
  • Dane no paw DNG na ama katalog adwumayɛ atu mpɔn wɔ Adobe softwea mu
  • Fa compression nhyehyɛe a ɛfata di dwuma ma w’ahiade pɔtee
  • Yɛ JPEGs a wɔayɛ no yie ma client proofing na ama delivery ahoɔhare atu mpɔn
  • Susuw fael format ho bere a woreyɛ automated processing workflows ho nhyehyɛe
  • Sɔ format nhyehyɛe ahorow hwɛ na woahu wo quality-to-performance ratio a eye sen biara

Wɛb ne Social Media a Wɔyɛ no Yiye

Yɛ wo mfonini ahorow no yiye ma dijitaal kyɛfa a womfa su a wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ papa mmɔ afɔre:

  • Fa JPEG quality nhyehyeɛ a ɛwɔ 70-85% ntam di dwuma ma quality-to-size ratio a ɛyɛ papa
  • Susuw WebP ho ma wo wɛbsaet no na ama bere a wode bɛhyɛ mu no atu mpɔn
  • Sesa mfonini ahorow no kɛse ma ɛnyɛ nsusuwii a ɛfata ma wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛmu nsɛm a ɛfa ho
  • Fa JPEG ahorow a ɛkɔ so di dwuma ma osuahu a wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ papa wɔ loading mu
  • Yi metadata a ɛho nhia na ama woatumi akɔ ntɛmntɛm (nanso hwɛ copyright info so)
  • Hwɛ yiye wɔ platform-specific optimizations (Instagram, Facebook, ne nea ɛkeka ho) ho .
  • Fa nnɛyi mfonini CDN ahorow a ebetumi asom format ahorow a wɔayɛ no yiye a egyina browser mmoa so di dwuma

Metadata a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Hwɛ mfonini metadata so yiye wɔ format ahorow so:

  • Fa copyright ne contact information ka mfonini ahorow a wɔakyekyɛ nyinaa ho
  • Fa nsɛmfua atitiriw a ɛkɔ so daa di dwuma na ama woatumi ahwehwɛ nneɛma mu yiye wɔ wo katalog no mu
  • Hu sɛ format ahorow bi kora metadata pii so sen afoforo
  • Fa beae ho nsɛm a ɛfa asase ne akwantu ho mfonini ka ho bere a ɛfata
  • Kyerɛw mfiridwuma ho nsɛm a ebia mfaso wɔ so ma daakye nsakrae
  • Susuw kokoam nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ bere a worekyɛ mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ beae ho nsɛm a wɔde ahyɛ mu no
  • Te sɛnea software ahorow di metadata ho dwuma bere a wɔresakra format no ase

Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa Fa Mfonini Fael Formats Ho

So ɛsɛ sɛ metow tuo wɔ RAW format mu bere nyinaa?

Bere a RAW ma maximum quality ne editing flexibility, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛho hia ma tebea biara. RAW yɛ nea eye ma adwumayɛfo adwuma, kanea tebea a emu yɛ den, anaa bere a ɛho hia sɛ wɔhwɛ editing so kɛse. Ebia JPEG bɛdɔɔso ama mfoninitwa a ɛnyɛ hwee, tebea horow a wuhia sɛ woto mfonini ntɛmntɛm a ɛkɔ so, wowɔ nneɛma a wode sie kakraa bi, anaasɛ wuhia sɛ wokyɛ ntɛm ara. Adwumayɛfoɔ bebree de RAW+JPEG di dwuma na ama wɔanya akwan mmienu no nyinaa.

Dɛn nti na ɛsono me kɔla ahorow bere a mekyɛ mfonini ahorow wɔ Intanɛt so no?

Kɔla nsonsonoeɛ wɔ intanɛt so tumi ba esiane nneɛma pii nti: kɔla atenaeɛ nsakraeɛ a ɛnsɛ (ɛnyɛ nsakraeɛ nkɔ sRGB mu mfa nni dwuma wɔ wɛb so), kɔla profile ahodoɔ a wɔde ahyɛ mu a ɛyera, browser kɔla ahodoɔ a wɔhwɛ so, ɔyɛkyerɛ calibration ahodoɔ, ne social media platforms’ compression ne processing. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛtew saa nsɛm yi so no, dan kɔ sRGB kɔla atenae bere nyinaa, fa kɔla ho nsɛm hyɛ mu, fa softwea a ɛwɔ kɔla nhyehyɛe a ɛfata di dwuma, na hwɛ wo mfonini ahorow wɔ mfiri pii so ansa na woakyɛ.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ lossy ne lossless compression ntam?

Lossless compression brɛ fael kɛseɛ ase a ɛntow mfonini data biara ngu, ɛma kwan ma wɔsan yɛ mfitiaseɛ mfonini no pɛpɛɛpɛ (nhwɛsoɔ: PNG, TIFF a ZIP nhyɛsoɔ ka ho). Lossy compression tow mfonini data bi gu daa na ama woanya fael akɛse nketewa (nhwɛso: JPEG, WebP wɔ lossy mode mu). Lossless yɛ papa ma fael a ɛyɛ adwuma ne archiving, bere a lossy fata ma delivery a etwa to bere a fael kɛse ho hia. Nsonsonoe titiriw ne sɛ wontumi nsan compression a wɔahwere no bio mfa nnya mfonini data a edi kan no.

So ɛsɛ sɛ medan me RAW fael ahorow no kɔ DNG format mu?

Sɛ wodane kɔ DNG mu a, ɛwɔ mfasoɔ pii: bere tenten a ɛne ne ho hyia a ɛkɔ anim sɛ gyinapɛn a wɔabue, fael akɛseɛ nketewa a ɛwɔ nhyɛsoɔ a ɛnyɛ adehwereɛ, metadata a wɔde ahyɛ mu a enhia sidecar fael, ne adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm wɔ Adobe softwea mu. Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho: nsakrae gye bere, ebia mfoninitwa afiri pɔtee bi ho nsɛm bɛyera, na ɛnyɛ softwea nyinaa na ɛboa DNG koraa. Mfoninitwafo pii dan kɔ DNG so de yɛ nneɛma a wɔkora so bere a wɔde RAW fael a edi kan no sie sɛ backups.

Dɛn ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atintim me mfonini ahorow?

Wɔ adwumayɛfo tintim mu no, wɔtaa bu TIFF sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a eye sen biara efisɛ ɛkora ne su a edi mũ so na ɛboa kɔla a emu dɔ a ɛyɛ 16-bit ne kɔla ahorow ahorow. Wɔ adetɔfo mfoniniyɛbea ahorow fam no, JPEG a ɛkorɔn (90-100% a ɛyɛ papa) taa dɔɔso na wogye tom kɛse. Sɛ woresiesie fael a wɔatintim a, fa Adobe RGB kɔla atenaeɛ di dwuma ma ɛnyɛ nea ɛtrɛ, hwɛ sɛ wobɛnya nsusuiɛ a ɛfata (300 PPI yɛ gyinapɛn), na hwɛ wo tintim dwumadie no ahwehwɛdeɛ pɔtee ɛfiri sɛ ebia ɛwɔ format a wopɛ anaa anohyetoɔ.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ayɛ mfonini ahorow no yiye ama me wɛbsaet no a merenhwere ne su?

Sɛ wobɛma wɛb mfonini ayɛ papa bere a wokura su a wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ papa mu a: sesa mfonini ahorow no kɛse ma ɛnyɛ kɛse ankasa a ehia (mmfa wo ho nto brawsa scaling so), fa JPEG di dwuma wɔ 70-80% su mu ma mfonini ahorow, susuw WebP format ho ma nnɛyi brawsa ahorow, fa PNG di dwuma ma mfonini ahorow a nsɛm anaa nea ɛda adi pefee wom, di dwuma de mfonini ahorow a ɛyɛ mmuae a ne kɛse ahorow pii di dwuma, fa nnɛyi mfonini CDN ahorow a ɛyɛ papa ankasa di dwuma, na susuw ho sɛ wode bɛhyɛ mfonini ahorow a ɛba fam sen fold no ho ɔkwasea. Nnwinnade te sɛ ImageOptim, Squoosh, anaa ShortPixel betumi aboa ma woanya kari pɛ a eye sen biara wɔ su ne fael kɛse ntam.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ 8-bit ne 16-bit mfonini ahorow ntam?

Bit depth kyerɛ kɔla ho nsɛm dodow a wɔde asie wɔ channel biara mu wɔ mfonini bi mu. Mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ bit 8 no sie levels 256 wɔ channel biara mu (kɔla ahorow ɔpepem 16.7 a ebetumi aba), bere a mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ bit 16 sie levels 65,536 wɔ channel biara mu (kɔla ahorow ɔpepepem pii a ebetumi aba). Mfaso a mfaso wɔ so a ɛwɔ 16-bit so ne sɛ ɛyɛ gradients a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na editing flexibility kɛse ansa na visible banding anaa posterization aba. Fa 16-bit di dwuma bere a woreyɛ editing ne master files, titiriw bere a woreyɛ nsakrae kɛse wɔ exposure, kɔla, anaa ɛnne mu. Sɛ wɔde nneɛma a etwa to bɛma a, 8-bit taa dɔɔso efisɛ mfiri dodow no ara a wɔde kyerɛ nneɛma betumi akyerɛ 8-bit kɔla nkutoo.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi de me mfonini ahorow asie dwoodwoo mfe du du pii?

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wode nneɛma sie bere tenten a: sie RAW/DNG fael a edi kan ne masters a wɔasesa (TIFF/PSD), fa akorae ahorow pii di dwuma (abɔnten drives, cloud storage, archival optical media), fa 3-2-1 backup strategy di dwuma, sie drive ahorow wɔ mmeae a wim tebea di so, daa checksums hwɛ archive no mudi mu kura, tu kɔ storage media foforo so mfe 5-7 biara, fa formats a wɔabue di dwuma bere a ɛbɛyɛ yiye (DNG, TIFF), embed a ɛkɔ akyiri metadata (copyright, keywords, descriptions), hwɛ katalog nhyehyɛe so, na kyerɛw wo storage ahyehyɛde no ma daakye hwehwɛ. Daa nokwaredi ne tu a wotu kɔ baabi foforo ho hia efisɛ storage media nyinaa sɛe bere kɔ so.

Wo Mfoninitwa Adwumayɛ Ho Nkonimdi

Fael ahorow a wɔbɛte ase no yɛ mfoninitwa ho ahodwiriwde no fã biako pɛ. Hwehwɛ yɛn akwankyerɛ afoforo a ɛkɔ akyiri mu na ama w’ahokokwaw akɔ soro na ama w’adwuma no ayɛ mmerɛw fi nea wokyere so kosi nea wotintim so.

Fael Format a Wɔde Toto Ho Hwehwɛ Formats Nyinaa mu
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