Video Codec Ntotoho Akwankyerɛ a Edi Mu
Nnɛyi video codec ahorow a H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1, ne nea ɛkeka ho ka ho nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ. Hwehwɛ codec a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma wo streaming, production, anaa archiving ahiade.
Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ
- Video Codecs ho nnianim asɛm
Sua video compression mfitiasesɛm ne nea enti a codecs ho hia kɛse ma streaming ne storage.
- Video Codecs Titiriw Ho Nsɛm a Wɔaka abom
H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1, ne video codec afoforo a ɛho hia ho nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri.
- Codec Ntotoho Table
Side-by-side mfiridwuma ntotoho a ɛfa compression efficiency, quality, ne compatibility.
- Video Codec ahorow no nkɔso
Abakɔsɛm mu nkɔso ne mfiridwuma mu nkɔso a aba wɔ video compression mfiridwuma mu.
- Fa Nsɛm ne Nyansahyɛ ahorow Di Dwuma
Codec bɛn na ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ma streaming, production, archiving, ne tebea pɔtee afoforo.
- Mfiridwuma mu Deep Dive
Mfiridwuma mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛfa codec mu nneɛma, bitrate a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye, ne akwan a wɔfa so de encoding ho.
- Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa fa video codec a wɔpaw, sɛnea ɛne ne ho hyia, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma ho mmuae.
Video Codecs ho nnianim asɛm
Video codecs yɛ dijitaal video mfiridwuma tweatibo, na ɛma wotumi sie video mu nsɛm yiye na wɔde fa akwan horow ne mfiri ahorow so. Wɔ akwankyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri yi mu no, yɛbɛhwehwɛ video codec a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no mu, de wɔn ahoɔden ne wɔn mmerɛwyɛ atoto ho, na yɛaboa wo ma woapaw codec a ɛfata ama w’ahiade pɔtee.
Sɛ́ ebia woyɛ obi a ɔbɔ nneɛma, streaming service provider, anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnea video ahorow a w’ani gye ho no du wo screen so ara kwa no, video codecs ntease ho hia wɔ nnɛyi dijitaal ecosystem mu.
Nea Enti a Video Codec Ho Hia
Video codecs (compression/decompression algorithms) yɛ dijitaal video kyekyɛ akyi dompe, na ɛma wotumi de video a ɛyɛ papa sie yiye na wɔde fa ntam a ɛwɔ bandwidth kakraa bi so. Codec a wɔpaw no yiye no betumi anya nkɛntɛnso kɛse:
Fael no Kɛse
Nnɛyi codec betumi atew video fael akɛse so akodu 50-80% sɛ wɔde toto format dedaw ho bere a ɛkura aniwa so.
Nsɛm a ɛne ne ho hyia
Mfiri ne platform ahorow boa codec ahorow, na ɛka baabi a wobetumi ahwɛ wo video ahorow ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahwɛ.
Streaming Quality a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
Codec ahorow a etu mpɔn ma kwan ma wotumi de nsusuwii a ɛkorɔn na ɛyɛ papa streaming mpo wɔ bandwidth nkitahodi a anohyeto wom so.
Tumi a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Codec binom hia ahoɔden pii a wɔde yɛ adwuma na ama wɔatumi decode, na ɛka battery nkwa tẽẽ wɔ mobile devices so.
Video compression yɛ adwuma denam aniwa so data a ɛho nhia a woyi fi hɔ wɔ akwan horow a sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, onipa aniwa ntumi nhu so. Saa adeyɛ yi fa akwan horow a nea ɛka ho ne:
- Ahunmu mu nhyɛso: Redundancy a wɔbɛtew so wɔ ankorankoro frame ahorow mu
- Bere mu nhyɛso: Nsonsonoe a ɛda frame ahorow a ɛtoatoa so ntam nkutoo a wɔbɛkora so
- Entropy a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm: Akontaabu akwan a wɔde bedi dwuma de agyina hɔ ama nhwɛso ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ no yiye
- Chroma subsampling a wɔde yɛ adwuma: Kɔla ho nsɛm a nnipa aniwa ntumi nka ho kɛse no so tew
Berɛ a yɛde codec ahodoɔ toto ho wɔ akwankyerɛ yi nyinaa mu no, yɛbɛhwehwɛ sɛdeɛ obiara de saa akwan yi di dwuma ne aguadiɛ a ɛfiri mu ba a ɛda aniwa mu yiedie, nhyɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ adwuma yie, ne kɔmputa so ahwehwɛdeɛ ntam.
Video Codecs Titiriw Ho Nsɛm a Wɔaka abom
H.264 / AVC na ɛyɛ adwuma
Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ H.264 (Advanced Video Coding) da so ara yɛ video codec a wɔboa kɛse wɔ mfiri ne platform ahorow nyinaa so. ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group ne ISO/IEC MPEG na wɔyɛɛ no, ɛma kari pɛ wɔ compression efficiency ne decoding complexity ntam.
- Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ mfiri ne browser nyinaa na ɛboa
- Hardware acceleration a ɛwɔ hɔ kɛse
- Kari pɛ pa wɔ su ne nhyɛso mu
- Mfiridwuma ho ahwehwɛde a ɛba fam
H.265 / HEVC na ɛyɛ adwuma
H.265 (High Efficiency Video Coding) yɛ H.264 akyidifoɔ, ɛde bɛyɛ 50% compression a ɛyɛ papa ma wɔ quality level korɔ no ara mu. Ɛyɛ adwuma titire ma 4K ne HDR nsɛm, ɛwom sɛ ɛhwehwɛ tumi pii a wɔde yɛ adwuma na ama wɔatumi ayɛ encode ne decode.
- 50% ye compression a eye sen H.264
- Ɛyɛ papa ma 4K ne HDR nsɛm
- Hardware mmoa a ɛrenya nkɔanim wɔ mfiri foforo mu
- Mmoa ma 8K nsusuwii
VP9
Google na ɛyɛɛ no, VP9 yɛ ade foforo a wontua hwee a wɔde si H.265 ananmu a ɛwɔ nhyɛso a ɛte saa ara. Wɔboa no kɛse wɔ wɛb brawsa mu na abɛyɛ codec a ɛyɛ gyinapɛn ma YouTube, a ɛma nhyɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ papa kɛseɛ sene H.264.
- Royalty-free gyinapɛn a wɔabue
- Browser mmoa a eye kyɛn so
- Ɛyɛ adwuma yiye a ɛte sɛ H.265/HEVC
- YouTube ne wɛbsaet afoforo de di dwuma
AV1
AV1 yɛ video codec a wɔabue ano a ɛyɛ nwonwa a Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) na ɛyɛe, a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛdi VP9 akyi na ɛne HEVC asi akan. Ɛma bɛyɛ 30% compression a eye sen VP9 ne H.265/HEVC wɔ ɛka a ɛkɔ soro kɛse wɔ encoding complexity.
- Compression efficiency a eye sen biara a ɛwɔ hɔ mprempren
- Royalty-free a nnwumakuo a ɛtrɛw boa
- Browser ne platform mmoa a ɛrenya nkɔso
- Wɔagye atom kɛse wɔ streaming services akɛse mu
Codec Ntotoho Table
| Su | H.264 (AVC) na ɛyɛ . | H.265 (HEVC) na ɛwɔ hɔ. | VP9 | AV1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nhyɛso a Wɔde Di Dwuma Yiye | Mfiase no | ~50% ye sen H.264 | ~50% ye sen H.264 | ~30% ye sen HEVC/VP9 |
| Encoding Ahoɔhare | Ntɛm | Bɔkɔɔ | Ɛyɛ brɛoo paa | Ɛyɛ brɛoo koraa |
| Decoding a Ɛyɛ Den | Fam | Kwan | Kwan | Soro |
| Hardware Mmoa a Wɔde Ma | Amansan nyinaa | Eye (mfiri foforo) . | Limited | Ɛrepue |
| Browser Mmoa a Wɔde Ma | Browser ahorow nyinaa | Ahyɛde (Safari, Edge) . | Browser atitiriw | Nkɔso (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) . |
| Mobile Mmoa a Wɔde Ma | Mfiri nyinaa | Mfiri foforo dodow no ara | Wɔde wɔn adwene si Android so | Anohyeto, a ɛretu mpɔn |
| Max Nsusuwii a Ɛyɛ Fɛ | 8K (wɔntaa mfa nni dwuma) . | 8K | 8K | 8K+ |
| HDR Mmoa a Wɔde Ma | Limited | Asɛnka nni ho | Papa | Asɛnka nni ho |
| Tumi krataa a wɔde ma | Patent ho sika a wɔde tua ho ka | Patent ho sika a wɔde tua ho ka (ɛkɔ soro) . | Wɔn a wɔmfa hokwan biara mma | Wɔn a wɔmfa hokwan biara mma |
| Afe a Woyii no Adi | 2003 | 2013 | 2013 | 2018 |
| Mpuntuo | MPEG/ITU na ɛwɔ hɔ | MPEG/ITU na ɛwɔ hɔ | Apam a Wɔde Ma Nsɛm Ho Amanneɛbɔ a Wɔabue |
Hyɛ nso: Compression efficiency ntotoho yɛ bɛyɛ na ebetumi ayɛ soronko a egyina content type, encoding nhyehyɛe, ne dwumadie so. AV1 mfasoɔ a ɛho hia wɔ efficiency mu no taa de encoding complexity a ɛkorɔn kɛseɛ ba, na ɛma ɛfata kɛseɛ ma content a wɔbɛ encode pɛnkoro na wɔabɔ mpɛn pii.
Video Codec ahorow no nkɔso
Video codec mfiridwuma anya nkɔso kɛse wɔ mfe du du no mu, na awo ntoatoaso biara de nkɔso kɛse aba wɔ nhyɛso a wɔde di dwuma yiye ne nea wohu mu. Sɛ yɛte saa adannandi yi ase a, ɛma yenya nsɛm a ɛsom bo a wɔde bɛsɔ nnɛyi akwan horow a wobetumi apaw mu na wɔahwɛ daakye nkɔso kwan.
MPEG-1 ne MPEG-2 na ɛyɛ adwuma
Digitals video gyinapɛn titiriw a edi kan, MPEG-2 bɛyɛɛ fapem maa DVD video ne dijitaal television so dwumadi. Saa codec ahorow a edi kan yi na ɛde nnɛyi video compression akwan atitiriw no sii hɔ.
H.264/AVC na ɛwɔ hɔ
H.264 a ɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ video a wɔde mia so no de adwumayɛ a ɛkɔ anim kɛse mae sen MPEG-2, na ɛmaa HD video a wɔde fa so ne Blu-ray diski ahorow tumi yɛɛ adwuma. Ɛda so ara yɛ codec a amansan nyinaa boa sen biara wɔ bɛyɛ mfe aduonu akyi.
VP8
Google nyaa na woyii VP8 adi sɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔabue ano a wɔde besi H.264 ananmu. Bere a antumi annye antom saa da no, ɛtoo fapem maa Google codec nkɔso a ɛbaa akyiri yi ne codec kuw a wontua hwee.
H.265/HEVC ne VP9
Saa codecs a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di akan yi puei bere koro mu, na abien no nyinaa de bɛyɛ 50% a ɛyɛ compression a eye sen H.264 mae. HEVC de n’adwene sii broadcast ne professional applications so bere a VP9 nyaa ne niche wɔ wɛb video mu.
AV1
Alliance for Open Media (a Google, Mozilla, Netflix, Amazon ka ho) na ɛyɛɛ no, AV1 ka VP9 ne codecs afoforo a wɔde sɔ hwɛ no mu nneɛma a eye sen biara bom de yɛ gyinapɛn a wontua hwee a ɛwɔ nhyɛso a ɛkorɔn.
H.266/VVC na ɛwɔ hɔ
Versatile Video Coding (VVC) ne HEVC akyidifoɔ, ɛma bɛyɛ 50% compression a ɛyɛ papa sene HEVC/H.265. Ɛde n’ani si 8K resolution, HDR content, ne video streaming applications a ɛyɛ papa so titiriw.
AV2 & AI-gyina Codecs so
Ɛda adi sɛ codec awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ no de mfiri adesua ne ntini mu nkitahodi bɛka ho na ama wɔanya nhyɛso a ɛsen biara mpo, a nkɔso rekɔ so dedaw wɔ AV1 a edi n’ade no so.
Nneɛma Titiriw a Ɛkɔ So wɔ Codec Nkɔso Mu
Nhwɛso ahorow pii a emu da hɔ aba bere a video codec mfiridwuma anya nkɔso no:
Mfaso a Ɛma Wɔyɛ Adwuma Yiye
Awo ntoatoaso foforo biara taa de 30-50% bitrate reduction ma ma su koro no ara sɛ wɔde toto nea edii n’anim no ho a.
Nkɔso a Ɛyɛ Nsɛnnennen
Encoding complexity kɔ soro kɛse wɔ awo ntoatoaso biara mu, na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kɔmputa so nneɛma pii di dwuma.
Open vs. Nea ɛyɛ ne dea
Nhyɛso a ɛda gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔde tumi krataa ahyɛ mu den (H.264/H.265) ne nea wɔde si ananmu a wontua ahemfo (VP9/AV1) ntam no na ayɛ asase no.
AI Nkabom
Wɔde mfiri adesua rehyɛ codec foforo mu de asi gyinae a nyansa wom kɛse wɔ nhyɛso ho.
Fa Nsɛm ne Nyansahyɛ ahorow Di Dwuma
Video application ahorow wɔ ahwehwɛde soronko, na codec a eye sen biara a wobɛpaw no gyina wo dwumadie pɔtee no so. Yɛn nhwehwɛmu a yɛyɛe wɔ codec ahorow a ɛkyɛn so wɔ tebea horow mu, a yesusuw sɛnea ɛne ne ho hyia, ne su pa, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ho no ni.
Wɛbsaet Video a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Wɔ video platform ahorow a egyina wɛb so no, ɛsɛ sɛ codec a wɔpaw no kari pɛ wɔ compression efficiency ne broad browser compatibility mu. Deploying codec options pii denam adaptive streaming so ne ɔkwan a wɔkamfo kyerɛ.
H.264 VP9 AV1Mobile Video a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Mfiri a wɔde di dwuma wɔ telefon so no wɔ bandwidth ne tumi a wɔde yɛ adwuma no sua. Hardware-accelerated decoding ho hia kɛse ma battery nkwa, na ɛma codecs a wɔboa no kɛse no yɛ nea wɔpɛ ɛmfa ho sɛ compression trade-offs.
H.264 H.2654K/HDR Nsɛm a ɛwɔ mu
Nneɛma a ɛwɔ nsusuwii a ɛkorɔn, a ɛyɛ den hwehwɛ codecs a ɛwɔ compression efficiency a ɛkorɔn na ama fael akɛse ne bandwidth ahwehwɛde ahorow no akɔ so ayɛ nea wotumi di ho dwuma bere a wɔkora aniwa so yiyedi so.
H.265 VP9 AV1Video a Wɔyɛ
Wɔ video a wɔsesa ne adwumayɛ ho nhyehyɛe ho no, ɛsɛ sɛ codecs kari pɛ wɔ sɛnea ɛyɛ papa, sɛnea wɔsesa, ne sɛnea wɔde kɔmputa yɛ adwuma yiye no kari pɛ. Adwumayɛfo pii de codec soronko a wɔde yɛ nneɛma di dwuma ansa na wɔde akɔma nea etwa to.
ProRes DNxHD na ɛwɔ hɔ H.264 (bitrate a ɛkorɔn) .Television a Wɔbɔ amanneɛ
Broadcasting wɔ ahwehwɛde pɔtee bi a ɛbɛma wɔatumi de ho ato so, ayɛ papa, na ɛne nnwuma a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no ahyia. Mpɛn pii no, nnwuma gyinapɛn ne mmara ahorow na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wɔpaw codec.
MPEG-2 na ɛwɔ hɔ H.264 H.265Agodie a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Cloud gaming ne game streaming services hia codecs a ɛma latency a ɛba fam, encoding ntɛmntɛm, ne ahoɔden a wɔde gyina nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a ɛsakra ntɛmntɛm a nneɛma kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu no ano.
H.264 H.265 AV1Bandwidth a ɛba fam
Wɔ tebea horow a bandwidth anohyeto a emu yɛ den wom, te sɛ mobile network ahorow a ɛwɔ nkuraase no, codec ahorow a etu mpɔn sen biara no ma wonya quality-to-bitrate ratio a eye sen biara ɛmfa ho sɛ encoding no yɛ den kɛse no.
AV1 H.265Ahobammɔ Mfoninitwa mfiri
Ɛsɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so no kari pɛ wɔ kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛkɔ so ne anohyeto ahorow a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so mu, na mpɛn pii no wɔde bere tenten a wɔde sie a etu mpɔn di kan sen aniwa a ɛyɛ papa koraa.
H.264 H.265Nneɛma a Wɔde Sie
Sɛ wɔbɛkora so bere tenten a, ɛsɛ sɛ codecs kari pɛ wɔ compression efficiency ne daakye-proofing ne decoder a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu. Application ahorow bi de codecs a enni adehwere di dwuma na wɔakwati sɛ wɔbɛsɛe ne su.
H.265 FFV1 (a enni adehwere) . ProResBere a Ɛsɛ sɛ wode Codec Foforo Di Dwuma
- Bere a storage space anaa bandwidth yɛ nea wɔahyɛ no den kɛse no
- Wɔ content a wɔbɛ encode pɛnkoro nanso wɔabɔ mpɛn pii no ho
- Bere a wode w’ani asi platform pɔtee bi so a codec mmoa a wonim wom no
- Na high-resolution (4K/8K) ne soro dynamic range content
- Bere a encoding bere nyɛ ade titiriw
Bere a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wotra H.264
- Bere a ɛho hia sɛ mfiri ne platform a ɛne ne ho hyia kɛse no
- Wɔ live encoding scenarios a kɔmputa ahoɔden kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu
- Bere a encoding ahoɔhare ho hia sen fael kɛse
- Sɛ wopɛ nneɛma a wɔkyekyɛ no kakraa bi anaasɛ ne nkwa nna tiaa
- Sɛ wode w’ani si mfiri dedaw a enni hardware acceleration so ma codec foforo a
Mfiridwuma mu Deep Dive
Wɔ wɔn a wɔn ani gye nnɛyi video codec akwan a ɛhyɛ ase ho no, ɔfã yi hwehwɛ mfiridwuma mu nnyinaso ne nneɛma foforo a ɛma wotumi mia nneɛma yiye bere a wɔkora aniwa so yiye no mu.
Nneɛma Titiriw a Wɔde Yɛ Nhyɛso wɔ Nnɛyi Codecs mu
Video compression gyina akwan titiriw pii a anya nkɔso kɛse wɔ codec awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu so. Sɛ yɛte nnyinasosɛm atitiriw yi ase a, ɛboa ma yɛkyerɛkyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ codec ahorow mu wɔ adwumayɛ mu:
Ahunmu Nhyɛso (Intra-frame) .
Nnɛyi codec nyinaa de transform coding mia ankorankoro frame ahorow, mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) no mu nsakrae ahorow. Saa adeyɛ yi dannan spatial pixel data kɔ frequency coefficients mu, na ɛma wotumi de bit kakraa bi sie nsɛm a wontumi nhu pii.
- H.264 de 4×4 ne 8×8 DCT nsakrae di dwuma
- H.265 trɛw kɔ nsakrae akɛse (ɛkɔ 32×32) ma mmeae a ɛkɔ akyiri no nhyɛso a etu mpɔn kɛse
- VP9 de nsakraeɛ a ɛfiri 4×4 kɔsi 32×32 di dwuma
- AV1 de nsakraeɛ a ɛnyɛ ahinanan ka ho na ɛtumi de nsakraeɛ a ɛkɔ 64×64 di dwuma, na ɛma kwan ma wɔyɛ nsakraeɛ yie wɔ emu nsɛm mu
Bere mu Nhyɛso (Inter-frame) .
Mfaso kɛse a wonya wɔ nhyɛso mu no fi nsɛdi a ɛwɔ frame ahorow a ɛtoatoa so ntam a wɔde di dwuma no mu. Sɛ́ anka wɔbɛkora frame biara so koraa no, codecs sie motion vectors ne residual differences:
- H.264 de block akɛseɛ a ɛsakra fi 16×16 kɔsi 4×4 di dwuma ma kankyee akatua
- H.265 de mpaepaemu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse a ɛwɔ Coding Tree Units (CTUs) a ɛkɔ 64×64, a wobetumi akyekyɛ mu mpɛn pii wɔ quadtree nhyehyɛe mu ba
- VP9 boa hierarchical block mpaepaemu nhyehyɛe a ɛte saa ara a “superblocks” a ɛkɔ 64×64
- AV1 de mpaepaemu akwan pii mpo ka ho a asymmetric splits ne compound prediction modes ka ho
Akwan a Wɔfa so Hyɛ Nkɔmhyɛ
Akwan a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔfa so hyɛ nkɔm boa codec ahorow ma wɔhwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu kwan a wɔmfa nsie pefee:
- Nkɔmhyɛ a ɛwɔ mu: Ɛhyɛ nkɔm sɛ blocks fi decoded dedaw pixels a ɛbɛn mu wɔ frame koro no ara mu
- Nkɔmhyɛ a ɛda ntam: Ɛhyɛ nkɔm sɛ blocks fi frame ahorow a wɔadi kan decoded mu
- Nkɔmhyɛ a ɛfa akwan abien so: Ɛhyɛ nkɔm sɛ ɔde nsɛm a atwam ne daakye nyinaa bedi dwuma
Codec foforo de nkɔmhyɛ akwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa kɛse ba, a AV1 de nkɔmhyɛ akwan 56 ma bere a wɔde toto H.264 9 ne HEVC 35 ho no.
Mfiridwuma Ho Nhumu: Mfaso a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wonya wɔ adwumayɛ mu yiyedi mu wɔ nnɛyi codec ahorow mu no fi nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa kɛse a wɔde kyekyɛ nneɛma mu ne nkɔmhyɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow mu sen sɛ ebefi nnyinasosɛm foforo titiriw a ɛfa nhyɛso ho. Saa nkɔso ahorow yi ma codecs tumi dannan ne ho yiye ma ɛne nneɛma ahorow hyia, efi nneɛma a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm so kosi akyi a ɛnyɛ hwee a nsɛm nketenkete wom so.
Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa
Dɛn ne video codec a ɛne amansan nyinaa hyia sen biara?
H.264 (AVC) da so ara yɛ video codec a ɛne amansan nyinaa hyia sen biara, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnɛyi mfiri, browser, ne platform ahorow a wɔayɛ wɔ mfe 15+ a atwam no mu nyinaa boa. Ɛyɛ ahobammɔ a wobɛpaw bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wo nsɛm no yɛ nea wotumi bɔ wɔ baabiara a enhia sɛ wode format ahorow pii di dwuma.
Codec bɛn na ɛma wonya quality-to-size ratio a eye sen biara?
AV1 mprempren de nhyɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ papa (quality-to-size ratio) ma wɔ codecs a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aguadi mu, a ɛnya bɛyɛ 30% compression a ɛyɛ papa sene H.265/HEVC ne VP9 wɔ aniwa su korɔ no ara mu. Nanso, eyi ba wɔ encoding complexity a ɛkɔ soro kɛse ne hardware mmoa a anohyeto wom kɛse ho. Wɔ dwumadie pii a mfasoɔ wɔ so no, H.265/HEVC ne VP9 ma ɛkari pɛ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ adwumayɛ ne mfasoɔ mu.
Mɛyɛ dɛn apaw H.265/HEVC ne VP9?
H.265/HEVC ne VP9 de compression efficiency a ɛte saa ara ma (bɛyɛ 50% ye sen H.264), nanso ɛsono tumi krataa ne abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom mmoa mu. Paw H.265/HEVC bere a wode w’ani asi Apple mfiri, smart TV, ne video adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ adwumaden wɔ baabi a hardware ahoɔhare ho hia. Paw VP9 ma wɛb-based content, YouTube optimization, ne bere a kwati patent royalties yɛ ade titiriw. streaming platform akɛse pii de nsɛm a ɛwɔ format abien no nyinaa mu ma denam adaptive streaming so.
So AV1 ayɛ krado sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma titiriw?
AV1 reyɛ krado kɛse sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma titiriw wɔ tebea pɔtee bi mu, ɛwom sɛ wonnya mfaa nni dwuma wɔ amansan nyinaa mu te sɛ H.264 de. Mprempren streaming services akɛse te sɛ YouTube, Netflix, ne Facebook de AV1 di dwuma ma nneɛma a wɔapaw, titiriw ma tebea horow a bandwidth-constrained. Browser mmoa ye (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), na hardware mmoa retrɛw wɔ mfiri foforo mu. Nanso, encoding da so ara yɛ nea wɔde kɔmputa yɛ kɛse, na ɛma ɛfata yiye ma nneɛma a wɔbɛkyerɛw pɛnkoro nanso wɔabɔ mpɛn pii, anaasɛ tebea horow a bandwidth a wɔkora so boro encoding ho ka so.
Na YouTube nso ɛ? Codec bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mede di dwuma ma uploads?
Wɔ YouTube uploads ho no, fa w’adwene si source file a ɛyɛ papa a wode bɛma so sen sɛ wobɛdi kan de codec pɔtee bi ayɛ no yie. YouTube transcodes uploads nyinaa kɔ format ahorow pii (H.264, VP9, ne nkɔanim AV1) ma playback tebea ahorow. Sɛ wopɛ nea eye sen biara a, fa gu H.264 a bitrate a ɛkorɔn anaa ProRes sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a. YouTube kamfo kyerɛ sɛ hwɛ wo mfitiaseɛ frame rate ne resolution no so nkɔsi 8K, ma wɔn system no nni optimization no ho dwuma mma playback devices ahodoɔ ne connection speeds.
So video codec ahorow nya CPU/GPU a wɔde di dwuma bere a wɔrebɔ no so nkɛntɛnso?
Yiw, nea ɛho hia. Mpɛn pii no, codec foforo a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye no hwehwɛ tumi a wɔde yɛ adwuma pii na ama wɔatumi akyerɛ ase gye sɛ hardware ahoɔhare wɔ hɔ. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ H.264 decoding yɛ hardware-accelerated wɔ nnɛyi mfiri nyinaa so, na ɛma ɛyɛ nea ɛmma ahoɔden pii. H.265/HEVC ne VP9 wɔ hardware mmoa pa nanso ɛnyɛ amansan nyinaa, titiriw wɔ mfiri foforo so. AV1 hardware decoding da so ara repue nanso ɛrenya nkɔanim wɔ GPU a aba foforo ne mobile processors so. Software decoding of advanced codecs betumi aka battery nkwa wɔ mobile devices so kɛse na ebetumi de adwumayɛ ho nsɛm aba kɔmputa dedaw so.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ codec ne container format ntam?
Codec (te sɛ H.264, H.265, VP9) yɛ algorithm a ɛtwetwe video data na ɛtwetwe, bere a container format (te sɛ MP4, MKV, WebM) yɛ wrapper a ɛkura video a wɔahyɛ no den, ɔdio, subtitles, ne metadata bom. Susuw codec no ho sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hyehyɛ emu nsɛm no, bere a ade no ne adaka a wɔde ahyɛ mu Sɛ nhwɛso no, MP4 ahina betumi akura video a wɔde H.264 anaa H.265 ahyɛ mu, ne ɔdio a ɛwɔ AAC format mu. Container no na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛne players ne platforms binom hyia, bere a codec no kyerɛ compression efficiency ne quality.
Na VVC/H.266 ne daakye codec afoforo nso ɛ?
Versatile Video Coding (VVC/H.266) yɛ awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ a ɛdi hɔ codec a ɛfiri MPEG/ITU akuo ahodoɔ no mu, ɛhyɛ bɔ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ 50% a ɛyɛ compression a ɛyɛ papa sene HEVC/H.265. Bere a wɔwiee gyinapɛn no wɔ afe 2020 mu no, sɛ wɔbɛgye atom wɔ baabiara no bɛgye mfeɛ pii berɛ a hardware ne software mmoa renya nkɔsoɔ. Saa ara nso na Alliance for Open Media reyɛ adwuma wɔ AV2 a edii AV1 akyi no ho. Saa awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ codec ahorow yi de wɔn ani asi 8K video, virtual reality, ne application ahorow a bandwidth-constrained kɛse so titiriw. Wɔ mprempren aplikeshɔn dodow no ara fam no, adwene a wɔde besi codecs a wɔde adi dwuma koraa (H.264, HEVC, VP9, ne AV1 a ɛrekɔ soro) so no da so ara yɛ ɔkwan a mfaso wɔ so.
Paw Codec a Ɛfata Ma Wo Video Ahiade
Sɛ́ ebia worehwɛ nneɛma so, woreyɛ video ahorow, anaasɛ woreyɛ application ahorow no, codec a ɛfata a wobɛpaw no betumi anya su, sɛnea ɛne ne ho hyia, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma yiye so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Fa yɛn ntotoho a ɛkɔ akyiri no si gyinae a ɛfata ma wo dwumadie pɔtee no.