Gucika intege ni iki?<\/h3>\n
Gutakaza igihombo bigabanya ingano ya dosiye mukumenya no gukuraho ubudahangarwa bwibarurishamibare udakuyeho amakuru. Iyo byaciwe, dosiye ni bito-kuri-imwe ihwanye numwimerere, nta gihombo rwose mubuziranenge cyangwa ubuziranenge bwamakuru.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Ukuntu Gutakaza Igihombo Bikora<\/h3>\n
Gutakaza igihombo algorithms ikoresha tekinike zitandukanye kugirango igabanye ingano ya dosiye mugihe wizeye neza iyubakwa ryamakuru yambere. Ubu buryo burasesengura imiterere, inshuro, nuburyo biri mumibare kugirango ubigenzure neza nta gutakaza amakuru.<\/p>\n \n
Gukoresha-Uburebure bwa Encoding (RLE)<\/h4>\n
RLE isimbuza urutonde rwibintu bisa (ikora) nagaciro kamwe no kubara. Kurugero, “AAAAAABBBCCCCC” ihinduka “6A3B5C”, igabanya cyane ingano yamakuru hamwe nibisubirwamo byinshi.<\/p>\n
Original: WWWWWWWWWWBBBWWWWWWWWWWWWBBBWWWWWWWWWW\nCompressed: 10W3B12W3B10W<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nHuffman Coding<\/h4>\n
Ubu buhanga butanga impinduka-z’uburebure kode yinjiza inyuguti, hamwe na code ngufi kubinyuguti nyinshi. Ubu buryo bwibarurishamibare butunganya kodegisi ishingiye ku gukwirakwiza inshuro.<\/p>\n
\n Urugero:<\/strong>\nFrequent character 'e': 101\nLess frequent 'z': 1010101011<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nLZ77 & LZ78 Algorithms<\/h4>\n
Ubu buryo bushingiye ku nkoranyamagambo busimbuza inshuro nyinshi amakuru yatanzwe hamwe na kopi imwe isanzwe igaragara mumigezi idacometse. Bakora ishingiro ryimiterere ikunzwe nka ZIP na GIF.<\/p>\n
\n Urugero:<\/strong>\nInstead of storing \"compression compression\"\nStore \"compression [pointer to earlier instance]\"<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nDeflate Algorithm<\/h4>\n
Uhujije code ya LZ77 na Huffman, Deflate itanga compression nziza hamwe numuvuduko mwiza. Ikoreshwa muri ZIP, PNG, na HTTP compression (gzip), bituma iba imwe muma algorithm ikoreshwa cyane.<\/p>\n
\n Porogaramu:<\/strong>\n\n
- Ububiko bwa ZIP<\/li>\n
- Amashusho ya PNG<\/li>\n
- Gucomeka kwa HTTP (gzip)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nKode ya Arithmetic<\/h4>\n
Ubu buhanga bugaragaza ubutumwa nkurutonde rwimibare iri hagati ya 0 na 1. Irashobora kugera ku kigereranyo cyo guhunika hafi yimipaka ya entropiya ntarengwa, bigatuma ikora neza kubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwamakuru.<\/p>\n
\n Ibyiza:<\/strong>\nIrashobora gushiraho uduce duto kuri buri kimenyetso, itanga compression nziza kuruta Huffman kumasoko menshi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nKode ya Delta<\/h4>\n
Aho kubika indangagaciro zuzuye, kodegisi ya delta ibika itandukaniro hagati yindangagaciro zikurikirana. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane kubijyanye namakuru aho indangagaciro zegeranye zisa, nkurugero rwamajwi cyangwa ibyasomwe.<\/p>\n
\n Urugero:<\/strong>\nOriginal: 105, 107, 106, 110, 108\nDelta: 105, +2, -1, +4, -2<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \nImiterere idasanzwe ya dosiye<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n <\/i>\nUbubiko<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nZIP<\/div>\nRAR<\/div>\n7Z<\/div>\nGZIP<\/div>\nBZIP2<\/div>\nTAR<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nAmashusho<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nPNG<\/div>\nTIFF<\/div>\nBMP<\/div>\nINGABIRE<\/div>\nUrubuga (gutakaza)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nIjwi<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nFLAC<\/div>\nALAC<\/div>\nWAV<\/div>\nAPE<\/div>\nWavPack<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n\n Gutakaza Igihombo Byasobanuwe<\/h2>\n \n
\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n\nGucika intege ni iki?<\/h3>\n
Gutakaza igihombo bigabanya ingano ya dosiye mukuraho burundu amakuru amwe, cyane cyane arenze urugero cyangwa muburyo budasanzwe amakuru yingenzi. Idosiye yangiritse iratandukanye numwimerere, ariko itandukaniro ryakozwe kugirango bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka kugirango abantu babimenye mubihe bisanzwe.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Ukuntu Gutakaza Igihombo Bikora<\/h3>\n
Gutakaza igihombo bigera ku kigero cyo hejuru cyo kwikuramo gufata ibyemezo bifatika bijyanye namakuru yo guta. Izi algorithm zikoresha ubumenyi kubijyanye n’imyumvire y’abantu – ibyo amaso yacu n’amatwi yacu adashobora kumenya – gukuraho amakuru muburyo bugabanya ingaruka zigaragara kumiterere.<\/p>\n \n
\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nHindura Kode<\/h4>\n
Ubu buhanga buhindura amakuru kuva kumurongo umwe (nkumwanya) ukajya mubindi (nka frequency) aho compression ishobora gukoreshwa neza. Guhindura Discret Cosine (DCT) ikoreshwa muri JPEG ni urugero rwiza.<\/p>\n
\n Inzira:<\/strong>\n\n
- Hindura ibishusho kumashusho yibice<\/li>\n
- Kugabanya ibice byinshi byinshyi cyane<\/li>\n
- Amaso yumuntu ntabwo yunvikana kuriyi mirongo<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nUmubare<\/h4>\n
Quantisation igabanya neza neza agaciro kamakuru. Ikarita yerekana urutonde rwibintu byagaciro kugeza kumurongo muto wibisohoka, kugabanya neza umubare wa bits ukenewe kugirango uhagararire amakuru.<\/p>\n
\n Urugero:<\/strong>\nOriginal values: 4.13, 4.28, 4.97, 4.02\nQuantized to: 4, 4, 5, 4<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nKwerekana imitekerereze ya psychoacoustic<\/h4>\n
Ikoreshwa mukugabanya amajwi, ubu buhanga bukoresha imipaka yo kutumva kwabantu. Irerekana ibice byamajwi bishobora gukurwaho bitagize ingaruka kumiterere yijwi.<\/p>\n
\n Amahame y’ingenzi:<\/strong>\n\n
- Masking yo kwumva: Louder yumvikana amajwi atuje<\/li>\n
- Ibyiyumvo byinshyi: Abantu bumva intera iringaniye neza<\/li>\n
- Guhisha by’agateganyo: Amajwi arashobora guhisha abandi bibaho mbere gato \/ nyuma<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nKode<\/h4>\n
Kimwe na moderi ya psychoacoustic ariko kubijyanye namakuru agaragara, ubu buryo bukuraho amakuru amaso yumuntu adakunze kubona, cyane cyane muburyo burambuye bwumurongo mwinshi no gutandukana kwamabara.<\/p>\n
\n Porogaramu:<\/strong>\nByakoreshejwe muri JPEG, MPEG, nibindi bipimo byo guhagarika amashusho kugirango dushyire imbere amakuru yingenzi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nIndishyi<\/h4>\n
Tekinike yo guhagarika amashusho ikoresha ubudahangarwa bwigihe gito mugushiraho itandukaniro hagati yamakadiri aho kuba buri kintu cyuzuye. Gusa impinduka kuva kumurongo umwe kugeza kurindi zuzuye neza.<\/p>\n
\n Inzira:<\/strong>\n\n
- Ubike byuzuye “urufunguzo” (I-frame) buri gihe<\/li>\n
- Kubindi bikoresho, bika itandukaniro gusa (P-frame) cyangwa itandukaniro ryerekezo (B-frame)<\/li>\n
- Ibisubizo muburyo bugaragara bwa dosiye igabanya amashusho<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nChroma Subsampling<\/h4>\n
Ubu buhanga bugabanya amakuru yamabara kuruta amakuru yumucyo, yifashisha ijisho ryumuntu ryumva cyane kumurika kuruta gutandukanya amabara.<\/p>\n
\n Imiterere rusange:<\/strong>\n\n
- 4: 4: 4 – Nta subampling (ibara ryuzuye)<\/li>\n
- 4: 2: 2 – Igabanya ibara ritambitse<\/li>\n
- 4: 2: 0 – Igabanya ibice byombi bitambitse kandi bihagaritse<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Imiterere Yatakaye Idosiye<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n <\/i>\nAmashusho<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nJPEG<\/div>\nUrubuga (gutakaza)<\/div>\nJPEG 2000<\/div>\nHEIF<\/div>\nAVIF<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nIjwi<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nMP3<\/div>\nAAC<\/div>\nVorbis<\/div>\nOpus<\/div>\nWMA<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nVideo<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nH.264<\/div>\nH.265<\/div>\nVP9<\/div>\nAV1<\/div>\nUrubuga<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n\n Porogaramu Ifatika kandi Koresha Imanza<\/h2>\n \n
\n\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nGufotora Digitale<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n
\nGucika intege<\/h4>\n
\n
- Kubika imiterere ya RAW kubafotozi babigize umwuga<\/li>\n
- Ububiko-bwiza bwububiko bwamafoto yingenzi<\/li>\n
- Amashusho asaba ibintu byinshi nyuma yo gutunganya cyangwa guhindura<\/li>\n
- Imiterere ya PNG kubishushanyo hamwe ninyandiko cyangwa impande zikarishye<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n
Gutakaza Igihombo<\/h4>\n
\n
- JPEG kumafoto ya buri munsi no gusangira urubuga<\/li>\n
- Thumbnail generation ya galeries no kureba<\/li>\n
- Imbuga nkoranyambaga zoherejwe aho ingano yubunini ikoreshwa<\/li>\n
- Imigereka ya imeri hamwe nubutumwa bwohereza ubutumwa<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n
\n Imyitozo myiza:<\/strong> Gufata muri RAW cyangwa imiterere itagira igihombo, kora verisiyo yatakaye yo kugabana, komeza ba shebuja batagira igihombo kububiko.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n