Menene Matsi mara Asara?<\/h3>\n
Matsi mara hasara yana rage girman fayil ta hanyar ganowa da kawar da aikin \u0199ididdiga ba tare da cire kowane bayani ba. Lokacin da aka lalata, fayil \u0257in yana da bit-for-bit iri \u0257aya da na asali, ba tare da kwata-kwata asara cikin inganci ko amincin bayanai ba.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Yadda Matsi mara Asara ke Aiki<\/h3>\n
Algorithms na matsawa mara lalacewa suna amfani da dabaru daban-daban don rage girman fayil yayin tabbatar da ingantaccen sake gina bayanan asali. Wa\u0257annan hanyoyin suna nazarin \u0199ira, mitoci, da sifofi a cikin bayanan don \u0253oye shi cikin inganci ba tare da rasa bayanai ba.<\/p>\n \n
Rubutun Tsawon Tsawon Gudu (RLE)<\/h4>\n
RLE yana maye gurbin jerin abubuwan abubuwan bayanai iri \u0257aya (gudu) tare da \u0199ima \u0257aya da \u0199idaya. Misali, “AAAAAABBBCCCCC” ya zama “6A3B5C”, yana rage girman girman bayanai tare da jerin maimaitawa da yawa.<\/p>\n
Original: WWWWWWWWWWBBBWWWWWWWWWWWWBBBWWWWWWWWWW\nCompressed: 10W3B12W3B10W<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nHuffman Coding<\/h4>\n
Wannan dabara tana ba da lambobi masu tsayi masu canzawa don shigar da haruffa, tare da gajerun lambobi don \u0199arin haruffa akai-akai. Wannan dabarar \u0199ididdiga tana ha\u0253aka rikodin rikodi dangane da rarraba mitar halaye.<\/p>\n
\n Misali:<\/strong>\nFrequent character 'e': 101\nLess frequent 'z': 1010101011<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nLZ77 & LZ78 Algorithms<\/h4>\n
Wa\u0257annan hanyoyin tushen \u0199amus suna maye gurbin maimaita faruwar bayanai tare da nassoshi zuwa kwafi \u0257aya da aka rigaya a cikin rafi mara nauyi. Suna samar da tushe don shahararrun tsarin kamar ZIP da GIF.<\/p>\n
\n Misali:<\/strong>\nInstead of storing \"compression compression\"\nStore \"compression [pointer to earlier instance]\"<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nDeflate Algorithm<\/h4>\n
Ha\u0257a LZ77 da Huffman coding, Deflate yana ba da kyakkyawan matsawa tare da kyakkyawan saurin gudu. Ana amfani dashi a cikin ZIP, PNG, da HTTP matsawa (gzip), yana mai da shi \u0257aya daga cikin algorithms da aka fi amfani dasu.<\/p>\n
\n Aikace-aikace:<\/strong>\n\n
- Taskokin ZIP<\/li>\n
- Hotunan PNG<\/li>\n
- HTTP matsawa (gzip)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nLambar lissafin lissafi<\/h4>\n
Wannan dabara tana wakiltar sa\u0199o a matsayin kewayon lambobi tsakanin 0 da 1. Zai iya cimma ma’auni na matsawa kusa da \u0199ayyadaddun \u0199a’idar entropy, yana mai da shi inganci sosai ga wasu nau’ikan bayanai.<\/p>\n
\n Amfani:<\/strong>\nZai iya \u0253oye \u0253angarori guda \u0257aya a kowane alama, yana ba da mafi kyawun matsawa fiye da Huffman don tushe da yawa.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nDelta Encoding<\/h4>\n
Maimakon adana cikakkun dabi’u, delta codeing yana adana bambance-bambance tsakanin dabi’u masu zuwa. Wannan yana da tasiri musamman ga bayanai inda dabi’u masu kama da juna suka yi kama da juna, kamar samfuran sauti ko karatun firikwensin.<\/p>\n
\n Misali:<\/strong>\nOriginal: 105, 107, 106, 110, 108\nDelta: 105, +2, -1, +4, -2<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \nTsarin Fayil mara Asara gama gari<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n <\/i>\nTaskoki<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nZIP<\/div>\nRAR<\/div>\n7Z<\/div>\nGZIP<\/div>\nBZIP2<\/div>\nTAR<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nHotuna<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nPNG<\/div>\nTIFF<\/div>\nBMP<\/div>\nGIF<\/div>\nWebP (marasa asara)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nAudio<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nFLAC<\/div>\nALAC<\/div>\nWAV<\/div>\nGwaninta<\/div>\nWavPack<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n\n An Bayyana Matsi Mai Matsala<\/h2>\n \n
\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n\nMenene Rashin Matsi?<\/h3>\n
Matsawar hasara tana rage girman fayil ta hanyar kawar da wasu bayanai har abada, musamman ma rashin mahimmanci ko fahimta. Fayil \u0257in da aka yanke ya bambanta da na asali, amma an tsara bambance-bambancen don zama mai wahala ko ba zai yiwu ba ga \u0257an adam su gane a \u0199ar\u0199ashin yanayin al’ada.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Yadda Rashin Matsi Aiki<\/h3>\n
Matsawar hasara tana samun madaidaicin matsi mafi girma ta hanyar yanke shawara na dabaru game da wa\u0257anne bayanan da za a jefar. Wa\u0257annan algorithms suna ba da damar ilimi game da tsinkayen \u0257an adam-abin da idanunmu da kunnuwanmu za su iya kuma ba za su iya ganowa ba-don cire bayanai ta hanyoyin da ke rage tasirin gani akan inganci.<\/p>\n \n
\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nCanza Coding<\/h4>\n
Wannan dabara tana canza bayanai daga yanki \u0257aya (kamar sarari) zuwa wani (kamar mitar) inda za’a iya amfani da matsawa da kyau. Canjin Cosine Discrete (DCT) da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin JPEG babban misali ne.<\/p>\n
\n Tsari:<\/strong>\n\n
- Maida katangar hoto zuwa abubuwan mitoci<\/li>\n
- \u0198ididdige abubuwan ha\u0257in kai masu girma da \u0199arfi da \u0199arfi<\/li>\n
- Idanun mutane ba su da hankali ga wa\u0257annan mitoci<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n\u0198ididdigewa<\/h4>\n
\u0198ididdige \u0199ididdigewa yana rage madaidaicin \u0199imar bayanai. Yana tsara kewayon \u0199imar shigarwa zuwa \u0199aramin saiti na \u0199imar fitarwa, yadda ya kamata yana rage adadin ragi da ake bu\u0199ata don wakiltar bayanai.<\/p>\n
\n Misali:<\/strong>\nOriginal values: 4.13, 4.28, 4.97, 4.02\nQuantized to: 4, 4, 5, 4<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nModeling Psychoacoustic<\/h4>\n
An yi amfani da shi a cikin matsewar sauti, wannan dabarar tana amfani da iyakokin jin \u0257an adam. Yana gano abubuwan da za a iya cire kayan sauti ba tare da shafar ingancin sautin da aka tsinkayi ba.<\/p>\n
\n Mabu\u0257in Mabu\u0257in:<\/strong>\n\n
- Makullin sauraro: Sautunan \u0199arar murya suna rufe sautin shuru<\/li>\n
- Matsakaicin \u0199ima: Mutane suna jin mafi kyawun mitoci na tsaka-tsaki<\/li>\n
- Abin rufe fuska na \u0257an lokaci: Sauti na iya rufe wasu wa\u0257anda ke faruwa jim ka\u0257an kafin\/bayan<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n\u0198ididdigar Hankali<\/h4>\n
Kama da samfurin psychoacoustic amma don bayanan gani, wannan hanyar tana kawar da bayanan da idanun \u0257an adam ba sa iya ganewa, musamman a cikin cikakkun bayanai masu yawa da bambancin launi.<\/p>\n
\n Aikace-aikace:<\/strong>\nAn yi amfani da shi a cikin JPEG, MPEG, da sauran \u0199a’idodin matsawa na gani don ba da fifikon mahimman bayanai masu mahimmanci.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nKudin Motsi<\/h4>\n
Dabarar damfara bidiyo wanda ke yin amfani da sakewa na \u0257an lokaci ta hanyar \u0253oye bambance-bambance tsakanin firam maimakon kowane cikakken firam. Canje-canje daga firam \u0257aya zuwa na gaba ne kawai aka rufa masa asiri.<\/p>\n
\n Tsari:<\/strong>\n\n
- Ajiye cikakke “firam \u0257in ma\u0253alli” (I-frames) lokaci-lokaci<\/li>\n
- Don wasu firam \u0257in, adana kawai bambance-bambance (P-frames) ko bambance-bambancen biki (Frames B)<\/li>\n
- Sakamako a cikin ban mamaki rage girman fayil don bidiyo<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nChroma Subsampling<\/h4>\n
Wannan dabarar tana rage bayanan launi fiye da bayanin haske, ta yin amfani da mafi girman hankalin idon \u0257an adam ga haske fiye da bambance-bambancen launi.<\/p>\n
\n Tsarin gama-gari:<\/strong>\n\n
- 4: 4: 4 – Babu samfura (cikakken launi)<\/li>\n
- 4: 2: 2 – Halves a kwance launi \u0199uduri<\/li>\n
- 4: 2: 0 – Rarraba duka a kwance da \u0199udurin launi na tsaye<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Tsarukan Fayil Lossy gama gari<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n <\/i>\nHotuna<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nJPEG<\/div>\nWebP (rasa)<\/div>\nFarashin JPEG2000<\/div>\nHEIF<\/div>\nFarashin AVIF<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nAudio<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nMP3<\/div>\nAAC<\/div>\nVorbis<\/div>\nOpus<\/div>\nWMA<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nBidiyo<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nH.264<\/div>\nH.265<\/div>\nVP9<\/div>\nAV1<\/div>\nYanar GizoM<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n\n Aikace-aikace Masu Amfani da Abubuwan Amfani<\/h2>\n \n
\n\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nHoton Dijital<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n
\nMatsi mara hasara<\/h4>\n
\n
- Tsarin RAW don \u0199wararrun masu daukar hoto<\/li>\n
- Ma’ajiyar ingancin hotuna masu inganci<\/li>\n
- Hotunan da ke bu\u0199atar babban aiki bayan sarrafawa ko gyarawa<\/li>\n
- Tsarin PNG don zane-zane tare da rubutu ko kaifi gefuna<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n
Rashin Matsi<\/h4>\n
\n
- JPEG don hotuna na yau da kullun da raba yanar gizo<\/li>\n
- \u0198ir\u0199irar thumbnail don hotuna da samfoti<\/li>\n
- Kafofin watsa labarun suna lodawa inda iyakar girman ke aiki<\/li>\n
- Ha\u0257e-ha\u0257en imel da aikace-aikacen sa\u0199o<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n
\n Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka:<\/strong> \u018aauki a cikin tsarin RAW ko mara asara, \u0199ir\u0199irar nau’ikan \u0253arna don rabawa, kiyaye masters marasa asara don adanawa.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n