D\u025bn ne Lossless Compression?<\/h3>\n
Lossless compression tew fael k\u025bse so denam akontaabu a \u025bho nhia a wohu na woyi fi h\u0254 a ennyi ns\u025bm biara mfi h\u0254 no so. S\u025b w\u0254popa a, fael no ne mfitiase de no y\u025b p\u025b bit-for-bit, na \u025bnhwere ne su anaa data mudi mu kura koraa.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
S\u025bnea Lossless Compression Y\u025b Adwuma<\/h3>\n
Lossless compression algorithms de akwan horow di dwuma de tew fael k\u025bse so bere a w\u0254hw\u025b hu s\u025b w\u0254b\u025bsan ay\u025b mfitiase data no p\u025bp\u025b\u025bp\u025b. Saa akwan yi hwehw\u025b nhw\u025bso, mp\u025bn dodow, ne nhyehy\u025be ahorow a \u025bw\u0254 data no mu mu de kyer\u025bw no yiye a ns\u025bm nhwere.<\/p>\n \n
Mmirikatu-Length Encoding (RLE) .<\/h4>\n
RLE de botae ne akontaabu biako si data nne\u025bma a \u025by\u025b p\u025b (runs) a \u025btoatoa so ananmu. S\u025b nhw\u025bso no, “AAAAAABBBCCCCC” b\u025by\u025b “6A3B5C”, a \u025btew k\u025bse so k\u025bse ma data a \u025bw\u0254 ntoatoaso pii a w\u0254san y\u025b no.<\/p>\n
Original: WWWWWWWWWWBBBWWWWWWWWWWWWBBBWWWWWWWWWW\nCompressed: 10W3B12W3B10W<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nHuffman Mmarahy\u025b Bagua<\/h4>\n
Saa kwan yi de koodu a ne tenten sesa ma nkyer\u025bwde a w\u0254de hy\u025b mu, a mmara ntiantiaa wom ma nkyer\u025bwde a \u025btaa ba. Saa akontabuo kwan yi ma encoding a egyina character frequency distribution so no y\u025b papa.<\/p>\n
\n Nhw\u025bso\u0254:<\/strong>\nFrequent character 'e': 101\nLess frequent 'z': 1010101011<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nLZ77 & LZ78 Nne\u025bma a W\u0254de Y\u025b Adwuma<\/h4>\n
Saa akwan a egyina ns\u025bm asekyer\u025b nhoma so yi de ns\u025bm a \u025bfa mfonini biako a \u025bw\u0254 asuten a w\u0254anhy\u025b no den no mu dedaw ho si data a \u025bba mp\u025bn pii ananmu. W\u0254n na w\u0254y\u025b nnyinaso ma format ahorow a agye din te s\u025b ZIP ne GIF.<\/p>\n
\n Nhw\u025bso\u0254:<\/strong>\nInstead of storing \"compression compression\"\nStore \"compression [pointer to earlier instance]\"<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nDeflate Algorithm no mu na \u025by\u025b adwuma<\/h4>\n
S\u025b w\u0254ka LZ77 ne Huffman coding bom a, Deflate ma compression a \u025bky\u025bn so a aho\u0254hare pa wom. W\u0254de di dwuma w\u0254 ZIP, PNG, ne HTTP nhy\u025bso\u0254 (gzip) mu, na \u025bma \u025by\u025b algorithms a w\u0254de di dwuma k\u025bse\u025b no mu baako.<\/p>\n
\n Nnwuma a W\u0254de Di Dwuma:<\/strong>\n\n
- ZIP nne\u025bma a w\u0254kora so<\/li>\n
- PNG mfonini ahorow<\/li>\n
- HTTP nhy\u025bso (gzip) .<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nNkontaabu mu Nkontaabu<\/h4>\n
Saa kwan yi gyina h\u0254 ma nkras\u025bm bi s\u025b akontaahy\u025bde ahorow a \u025bw\u0254 0 ne 1. Ebetumi anya nhy\u025bso nsusuwii a \u025bb\u025bn nsusuwii mu entropy anohyeto no, na \u025bma \u025by\u025b adwuma yiye k\u025bse ma data ahorow bi.<\/p>\n
\n Animk\u0254 kwan:<\/strong>\nEbetumi de encode fractional bits w\u0254 symbol biara mu, de compression a eye sen Huffman ama ma sources pii.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nDelta Encoding a W\u0254de Di Dwuma<\/h4>\n
S\u025b anka \u025bb\u025bkora botae\u025b a \u025by\u025b p\u025bp\u025b\u025bp\u025b so no, delta encoding sie nsonsonoe\u025b a \u025bw\u0254 botae\u025b a \u025btoatoa so\u0254 ntam. Eyi tu mp\u0254n titiriw ma data a \u025bw\u0254 baabi a gyinap\u025bn ahorow a \u025bb\u025bn ho no y\u025b p\u025b, te s\u025b \u0254dio nhw\u025bsode anaa sensor akenkan.<\/p>\n
\n Nhw\u025bso\u0254:<\/strong>\nOriginal: 105, 107, 106, 110, 108\nDelta: 105, +2, -1, +4, -2<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \nFael Formats a W\u0254taa Y\u025b a \u0190ny\u025b Adehwere<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n <\/i>\nNne\u025bma a W\u0254akora So<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nZIP<\/div>\nRAR<\/div>\n7Z<\/div>\nGZIP na \u025by\u025b<\/div>\nBZIP2<\/div>\nTAR<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nMfonini ahorow<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nPNG<\/div>\nTIFF<\/div>\nBMP<\/div>\nGIF<\/div>\nWebP (a enni adehwere) .<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n\u0186dio a w\u0254de tie<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nFLAC na \u025by\u025b<\/div>\nALAC na \u025by\u025b<\/div>\nWAV<\/div>\nAPE<\/div>\nWavPack na \u025by\u025b adwuma<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n\n W\u0254akyer\u025bkyer\u025b Lossy Compression mu<\/h2>\n \n
\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n\nD\u025bn ne Lossy Compression?<\/h3>\n
Lossy compression tew fael k\u025bse so denam ns\u025bm bi a eyi fi h\u0254 daa so, titiriw data a \u025bho nhia anaas\u025b \u025bho nhia pii w\u0254 nkate mu. Fael a w\u0254ayi afi mu no y\u025b soronko w\u0254 mfitiase de no ho, nanso w\u0254ay\u025b nsonsonoe no s\u025bnea \u025bb\u025by\u025b a \u025bb\u025by\u025b den anaas\u025b \u025brentumi ny\u025b yiye s\u025b nnipa behu w\u0254 tebea horow a \u025bfata mu.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
S\u025bnea Lossy Compression Y\u025b Adwuma<\/h3>\n
Lossy compression nya compression ratios a \u025bkor\u0254n k\u025bse denam gyinaesi a \u025bfa \u0254kwan a w\u0254fa so si data a \u025bs\u025b s\u025b w\u0254tow gu ho no so. Saa algorithms yi de nimde\u025b a \u025bfa nnipa nkate ho\u2014nea y\u025bn aniwa ne y\u025bn aso betumi ahu ne nea entumi nhu\u2014di dwuma de yi ns\u025bm fi h\u0254 w\u0254 akwan horow so a \u025bmma nk\u025bnt\u025bnso a \u025bda adi w\u0254 su pa so no ny\u025b k\u025bse.<\/p>\n \n
\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nNsakrae Coding<\/h4>\n
Saa kwan yi dane data fi domain biako (te s\u025b spatial) k\u0254 foforo (te s\u025b frequency) baabi a wobetumi de compression adi dwuma yiye. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) a w\u0254de di dwuma w\u0254 JPEG mu no y\u025b nhw\u025bso titiriw.<\/p>\n
\n Kwan:<\/strong>\n\n
- Dane mfonini blocks k\u0254 frequency components mu<\/li>\n
- Quantize high-frequency components no denneennen<\/li>\n
- Nnipa aniwa ntumi nte saa mp\u025bn dodow yi nka k\u025bse<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nNne\u025bma dodow a w\u0254de kyer\u025b<\/h4>\n
Quantization br\u025b data botae ahorow no p\u025bp\u025b\u025bp\u025by\u025b ase. \u0190de input value ahodo\u0254 bi map k\u0254 output values \u200b\u200bketewa bi so, na \u025btew bit dodo\u0254 a \u025bhia na w\u0254de gyina h\u0254 ma data no so yie.<\/p>\n
\n Nhw\u025bso\u0254:<\/strong>\nOriginal values: 4.13, 4.28, 4.97, 4.02\nQuantized to: 4, 4, 5, 4<\/pre>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nAdwene ne Nney\u025be Ho Nhw\u025bso<\/h4>\n
W\u0254de saa \u0254kwan yi di dwuma w\u0254 \u0254dio a w\u0254de mia so mu no, \u025bde anohyeto ahorow a \u025bw\u0254 nnipa aso mu no di dwuma. \u0190kyer\u025b \u0254dio af\u00e3 horow a wobetumi ayi afi h\u0254 a ennya nnyigyei a wosusuw s\u025b \u025by\u025b papa no so nk\u025bnt\u025bnso.<\/p>\n
\n Nsusuwii Titiriw:<\/strong>\n\n
- Nnyigyei a w\u0254de kata aso so: Nnyigyei a ano y\u025b den kata nnyigyei a \u025by\u025b komm so<\/li>\n
- Mp\u025bn dodow a w\u0254te nka: Nnipa te mp\u025bn dodow a \u025bw\u0254 mfinimfini yiye<\/li>\n
- Bere mu akataso: Nnyigyei betumi akata afoforo a \u025bba bere tiaa bi ansa na aba\/akyi<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nNkate mu Ns\u025bm a W\u0254de Di Dwuma<\/h4>\n
Te s\u025b adwene mu nnyigyei ho nhw\u025bso nanso w\u0254 aniwa so ns\u025bm ho no, saa kwan yi yi ns\u025bm a nnipa aniwa ntaa nhu, titiriw w\u0254 ns\u025bm a \u025bk\u0254 so mp\u025bn pii ne k\u0254la ahorow mu.<\/p>\n
\n Nnwuma a W\u0254de Di Dwuma:<\/strong>\nW\u0254de di dwuma w\u0254 JPEG, MPEG, ne aniwa so nhy\u025bso gyinap\u025bn afoforo mu de di data a \u025bho hia w\u0254 nkate mu di kan.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nMotion Akatua a W\u0254de Ma<\/h4>\n
Video compression technique a \u025bde temporal redundancy di dwuma denam encoding nsonsonoe a \u025bda frame ahorow ntam sen frame biara a edi m\u0169 so. Nsakrae a efi frame biako so k\u0254 foforo so nkutoo na w\u0254de encode ahy\u025b mu koraa.<\/p>\n
\n Kwan:<\/strong>\n\n
- Fa “keyframes” (I-frames) a edi m\u0169 sie bere ne bere mu<\/li>\n
- W\u0254 frame afoforo ho no, sie nsonsonoe nkutoo (P-frames) anaa nsonsonoe a \u025bw\u0254 akwan abien so (B-frames) .<\/li>\n
- \u0190de fael k\u025bse so tew k\u025bse ma video<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nChroma Subsampling a W\u0254de Di Dwuma<\/h4>\n
Saa kwan yi br\u025b k\u0254la ho ns\u025bm ase sen hann ho ns\u025bm, na \u025bde s\u025bnea onipa aniwa tumi te hann nka k\u025bse sen k\u0254la ahorow a \u025bsono emu biara no di dwuma.<\/p>\n
\n Nne\u025bma a W\u0254taa Y\u025b:<\/strong>\n\n
- 4:4:4 – Subsampling biara nni h\u0254 (k\u0254la a \u025by\u025b p\u025bp\u025b\u025bp\u025b) .<\/li>\n
- 4:2:2 – \u0190ma k\u0254la a \u025bk\u0254 soro no y\u025b f\u00e3<\/li>\n
- 4:2:0 – \u0190ma k\u0254la nsusuwii a \u025bk\u0254 soro ne nea \u025bda fam nyinaa y\u025b f\u00e3<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
Fael Formats a \u0190taa Y\u025b Lossy<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n <\/i>\nMfonini ahorow<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nJPEG<\/div>\nWebP (a \u025byera) .<\/div>\nJPEG 2000 na \u025bw\u0254 h\u0254<\/div>\nHEIF<\/div>\nAVIF<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\n\u0186dio a w\u0254de tie<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nMP3<\/div>\nAAC<\/div>\nVorbis na \u025bw\u0254 h\u0254<\/div>\nOpus a w\u0254de y\u025b adwuma<\/div>\nWMA<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n <\/i>\nVideo<\/h4>\n <\/div>\n
\nH.264<\/div>\nH.265<\/div>\nVP9<\/div>\nAV1<\/div>\nWebM<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n\n Nne\u025bma a W\u0254de Di Dwuma a \u0190y\u025b Mfaso ne Ns\u025bm a W\u0254de Di Dwuma<\/h2>\n \n
\n\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\nDigitals Mfoninitwa<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n
\nNhy\u025bso a \u0190ny\u025b Adehwere<\/h4>\n
\n
- RAW format a w\u0254kora so ma mfoninitwafo a w\u0254y\u025b adwumaden<\/li>\n
- Mfonini ahorow a \u025bho hia a w\u0254kora so yiye w\u0254 baabi a w\u0254kora nne\u025bma so<\/li>\n
- Mfonini ahorow a \u025bhwehw\u025b s\u025b w\u0254y\u025b ho adwuma k\u025bse w\u0254 akyi anaas\u025b w\u0254y\u025b mu nsakrae<\/li>\n
- PNG format a w\u0254de y\u025b mfonini a \u025bw\u0254 nkyer\u025bwee anaa anoano a \u025by\u025b nnam<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n
Nne\u025bma a W\u0254hwere<\/h4>\n
\n
- JPEG ma da biara da mfonini ne w\u025bb ky\u025bfa<\/li>\n
- Thumbnail awo ntoatoaso ma galleries ne previews<\/li>\n
- Social media uploads w\u0254 baabi a size anohyeto ahorow w\u0254 h\u0254<\/li>\n
- Email attachments ne nkras\u025bm application ahorow<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n
\n Adey\u025b a \u0190y\u025b Paara:<\/strong> Capture w\u0254 RAW anaa lossless format mu, y\u025b lossy versions ma ky\u025bfa, sie lossless masters ma archiving.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n\n <\/i>\n <\/div>\n